Exposition aux bioaérosols dans deux milieux professionnels : les cabinets de dentistes et les cultures de concombres et tomates

L'exposition aux bioaérosols (endotoxines, bactéries et spores de champignons en suspension dans l'air) et les problèmes de santé qui en découlent sont bien connus dans certains milieux professionnels (station d'épuration des eaux usées, élevages d'animaux, traitements des déchets organiques, travailleurs du bois, récolte et manutention des céréales, agriculture...). Cependant, les études avec investigations des concentrations aéroportées d'endotoxines et de micro-organismes se font très rares dans d'autres milieux professionnels à risque. Cette note d'actualité scientifique présente la synthèse de deux publications visant à quantifier les bioaérosols dans deux milieux professionnels rarement étudiés : les cabinets dentaires et les cultures maraîchères de concombres et tomates. Les dentistes ainsi que leurs assistants sont souvent bien informés sur les risques chimiques, les risques liés aux postures et les risques d'accidents avec exposition au sang. En revanche, le risque infectieux lié à une exposition aux bioaérosols est la plupart du temps méconnu. La flore bactérienne buccale est très riche et l'utilisation d'instruments tels que la fraise, le détartreur à ultrasons et le pistolet air-eau entraîne la dissémination aéroportée d'une grande quantité de bactéries. De plus, la conception des instruments générant un jet d'eau (diamètre des tubulures) favorise la formation de biofilm propice à l'adhérence et à la multiplication de micro-organismes à l'intérieur même des tuyaux. Ces micro-organismes se retrouvent alors en suspension dans l'air lors de l'utilisation de ces pistolets.L'inhalation de grandes quantités de ces micro-organismes pourrait alors engendrer des problèmes respiratoires (hypersensibilisation, asthme). De plus la présence de pathogènes, tels que les légionelles, les pseudomonas et les mycobactéries à croissance rapide, dans l'eau de ces unités dentaires peut aussi entraîner des risques infectieux pour les patients et pour les soignants. La production de tomates et concombres en Europe en 2008, était respectivement de 17 et 2 millions de tonnes dont 850 000 et 140 000 tonnes pour la France. La récolte, le tri et la mise en cageots ou en barquette individuelle de ces légumes génèrent de la poussière riche en matières organiques. Très peu d'études ont investigué l'exposition à ces poussières et aux endotoxines dans les serres de cultures intensives. Notamment, les données concernant les cultures de tomates sont inexistantes bien que ce légume soit un des plus cultivés en Europe. [Auteur]

IPH response to the National Transport Authority on the Greater Dublin Area Draft Transport Strategy 2011-2030

The remit of the Institute of Public Health in Ireland (IPH) is to promote cooperation for public health between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland in the areas of research and information, capacity building and policy advice. Our approach is to support Departments of Health and their agencies in both jurisdictions, and maximise the benefits of all-island cooperation to achieve practical benefits for people in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.IPH has a keen interest in the interactions between transport and health. IPH has produced two papers in the recent past on this topic, the most recent being Active travel – healthy lives published in January 2011 which built on the 2005 publication Health impacts of transport. The IPH welcomes the draft transport strategy in terms of addressing each of the key messages outlined in the Active travel – healthy lives paper.IPH is interested in this area not only in terms of increasing ‘active travel’ for healthier lives, but also in terms of the environmental and social impacts of inequitable access to forms of private and public transport.

IPH response to Department of Health (ROI) consultation on National Strategy on Dementia

The current prevalence of dementia and its associated economic and social burden presents a challenge for the configuration of dementia care services at present and it is clear that this challenge will become ever more urgent as a consequence of population ageing. IPH supports the development of a Dementia Strategy in Ireland that is comprehensive and holistic. We recommend that the strategy encompasses aspects of prevention as well as optimal management at all stages of the disease. IPH considers that a social determinants of health approach that focuses on the prevention of disease and disability could form an important strand of the strategy. Key points from IPH response IPH would emphasise the following key priorities for inclusion in the Dementia Strategy.   Adoption of a public health approach as set out by WHO (2011) and the development of an implementation plan and structures to support the Strategy A commitment to primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of dementia.  Resourcing of a programme of research to support primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of dementia to ensure a systematic approach to generate an evidence-base and disseminate pertinent findings in the Irish context. Emphasis should be placed on high quality research specifically to:enhance information systems on dementia at a national level A life course approach to tackle the social determinants of dementia and ill-health in later life. Supporting carers for people with dementia

IPH response to Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources Consultation - National Energy Retrofit Programme

In 2011, the National Energy Retrofit Programme will build upon existing energy saving programmes in both the domestic and non-domestic sectors.  This consultation focused on key design considerations.  IPH agree with the commitment to deliver a National Energy Retrofit Programme as a sustainable means of securing energy savings and reducing energy poverty and the nations carbon footprint.  The IPH response highlighted the significant benefit to health and would support the use of Health Impact Assessment

National men’s health policy consultation response

The Institute of Public Health in Ireland aims to improve health in Ireland, North and South, by working to combat health inequalities and influence public policies in favour of health. The Institute’s work is based on the premise that improving health and reducing health inequalities will be best achieved through taking a broad determinants of health perspective. It applies a holistic model of health which emphasises a wide range of determinants on health including social, economic, environmental and biological factors. The Institute also recognises the importance of accessible, effective and efficient health and social services in determining health and the quality of life experienced by people. The Institute of Public Health welcomes the consultation process undertaken by the Department of Health and Children on a National Men’s Health Policy. In our response we focus on how inequality impacts on Irish men’s lives and how, as a consequence, ways to combat inequalities need to be at the heart of a health strategy for men

IPH response to the HIQA consultation on the National Demographic Dataset and Guidance for use in health and social care settings in Ireland

The remit of the Institute of Public Health in Ireland (IPH) is to promote cooperation for public health between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland in the areas of research and information, capacity building and policy advice. Our approach is to support Departments of Health and their agencies in both jurisdictions, and maximise the benefits of all-island cooperation to achieve practical benefits for people in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. IPH have previously responded to consultations to the Department of Health’s Discussion Paper on the Proposed Health Information Bill (June 2008), the Health Information and Quality Authority on their Corporate Plan (Oct 2007), and the Road Safety Authority of Ireland Road Safety Strategy (Jul 2012). IPH supports the development of a national standard demographic dataset for use within the health and social care services. Provided necessary safeguards are put in place (such as ethics and data protection) and the purpose of collecting the information is fully explained to subjects, mandatory provision of a minimum demographic dataset is usually the best way to achieve the necessary coverage and data quality. Demographic information is needed in several forms to support the public health function: Detailed aggregated information for comparison to population counts in order to assess equity of access to healthcare as well as examining population patterns and trends in morbidity and mortality Accurate demographic information for the surveillance of infectious disease outbreaks, monitoring vaccination programmes, setting priorities for public health interventions Linked to other data outside of health and social care such as population data, survey data, and longitudinal studies for research and analysis purposes.   Identify and address public health issues to tackle health inequalities, and to monitor the success of such efforts to tackle them.

Trypanosomes of non-human primates from the National Centre of Primates, Ananindeua, State of Pará, Brazil

Trypanosome infections were sought in 46 non-human primates captured principally in Amazonian Brazil. Twenty-two (47.8%) were infected with four Trypanosoma species: T. cruzi, T. minasense, T. devei and T. rangeli. These preliminary results confirmed the high prevalence and diversity of natural infections with trypanosomes in primates from Brazilian Amazon and were the first formal record of simian infections with trypanosomes in the State of Acre. The presence of T. cruzi-like and T. rangeli-like parasites are recorded in four new hosts.

Ultrastructural study of the TG180 murine sarcoma cell invasion by Toxoplasma gondii: comparison between in vivo and in vitro cell cultures

Infection of non-adherent TG180 murine sarcoma cells with Toxoplasma gondii was compared, at the ultrastructural level, in both in vivo and in vitro conditions. Suspensions of 3.0 x 10(6) TG180 cells infected in vitro with 1.0 x 10(6) parasites of the RH strain were harvested between the first and 6th day post-infection and processed for transmission electron microscopy. In vivo infection was made by intraperitoneal inoculation in mice of 1.0 x 10(6) TG180 cells, that were co-inoculated with a parasite suspension at the same cell concentration. Cells were harvested 10, 20, 30 min and 24, 48 h post-inoculation and processed for transmission electron microscopy at the same conditions of the in vitro culture. It was observed TG180 murine sarcoma cells with intense and equivalent intracellular parasitism in both conditions. Host cells with parasitophorous vacuoles containing up to 16 parasites, as well as parasites undergoing mitoses or presenting a bradyzoite-like morphology, were frequently seen in both culture methods.