Espiritualidad y pol��tica: una propuesta tibetana para la transformaci��n del orden mundial

La Revoluci��n Espiritual promovida por el Dalai Lama plantea una uni��n entre espiritualidad y pol��tica. El proyecto de una ��tica universal, que se inscribe dentro de dicha Revoluci��n, busca impactar la manera en que las relaciones internacionales se desarrollan, d��ndole prevalencia a los valores humanos. Sin embargo, esa proposici��n se encuentra ligada al contexto de exilio en el marco del conflicto sino-tibetano que afecta al continente asi��tico. Por esto, en la presente monograf��a, haciendo uso de los conceptos de marco de acci��n colectiva e identidad inscritos en la corriente de los movimientos sociales en la disciplina de las Relaciones Internacionales, se pretende determinar la relaci��n entre identidad tibetana, marco de acci��n colectiva y la propuesta de una ��tica universal. Para ello se recurre, metodol��gicamente, a textos y a trabajo de campo en Bogot��. As��, se pretende establecer la relaci��n entre espiritualidad y pol��tica como propuesta tibetana atravesada por el conflicto sino-tibetano.

EL USO POLITICO DEL TERRITORIO. CONSIDERACIONES A PARTIR DE UNA VISION DEL TERCER MUNDO

An��lisis evaluativo de diversos enfoques geogr��ficos sobre el espacio, su revelaci��n con el Estado, entendido en su binomio poder y dominaci��n. Se revisa la concepci��n de un poder unidimensional y la producci��n de espacio; as�� como las versiones del poder multidimensional, consumo del espacio y territorialidad. La concepci��n del espacio como producto-reflejo de la sociedad, se critica a la luz de concepci��n materialista del espacio. A nivel hist��rico, se estudian las estrategias y conflictos resultantes de la conformaci��n de nuevos territorios y las limitaciones de acci��n del Estado frente a las decisiones locacionales de las grandes corporaciones multinacionales. Se fortalecen segmentos del Estado nacional, pero, a la vez, este pierde poder de decisiones ante las fuerzas internacionales y, principalmente frente a los problemas y tenciones internas. La autora sugiere diversos temas de investigaci��n necesarios de cubrir urgentemente, tales como la relaci��n territorio y espacio; naturaleza de los movimientos sociales de la base territorial; naturaleza del Estado contempor��neo y las relaciones ante los planes econ��micos y pol��ticos y, finalmente, los limites de intervenci��n del Estado y los problemas de legitimidad del poder. SUMMARY This is evaluative analysis of different geographic focuses concerning space-state relationships, taking into account a power and domination binomial. The concept of a unidimensional power and space production is revised; as well as versions of multidimensional power, space consumption, and territorial relationships. The space concept is taken into account as a product-reflection of society and criticized from the viewpoint of a materialistic viewpoint, strategies and conflicts are studied as the results of the confirmation of the new territories the large multinational corporations. Segments of the national state are stringency but, at the same time, the state loses its decision making powers in reference to international forces and principally in reference to problems and internal tensions. The author suggests several necessary and urgent investigative themes, such as territorial and space relationships, the nature of the social movements encountered in the territorial base, the nature of the contemporary state and of the its relationships in accordance with economic and political plants and finally, the intervention limits of the state and the problems of power legitimacy RESUME A partir d���une vision g��ographique, on pr��sente et analyse les th��mes suivants: l���espace, la relation celui-ci avec l���Etat, entendu comme un bionome pouvoir et domination. On revise les concepts de pouvoir unidimensionnel et de production d���espace; de pouvoir multidimensionnel, consommation et territoriale. Le concept d���espace comme produit-r��flexe de la soci��t��, est critiqu�� en se basant sur la conception mat��rialiste de l���espace. Au niveau historique, on ��tudie les strat��gies et les conflicts qui r��sultent de la conformation de nouveaux territoires. On ��tudie aussi les limitations de l���action de l���Etat en face des d��cisions d���ubiquation des grandes corporations multinationales. En m��me temps que se fortifi�� certaines parties de l���Etat national, il y a une diminution de son pouvoir de d��cision devant des forces internationales et surtout en face de probl��mes et de tensions internes.L���auteur sugg��re plusieurs th��mes d���investigation urgents, comme��: la relation entre territoire et espace; nature des mouvements sociaux �� base territoriale; nature de l���Etat contemporain et ses relations avec les plan ��conomiques et politiques et enfin��: les limites de l���intervention de l���Etat et les probl��mes de l��gitimit�� du pouvoir.��

A multidisciplinary approach to the study of protein dynamics and signal transmission

Allostery is a phenomenon of fundamental importance in biology, allowing regulation of function and dynamic adaptability of enzymes and proteins. Despite the allosteric effect was first observed more than a century ago allostery remains a biophysical enigma, defined as the ���second secret of life���. The challenge is mainly associated to the rather complex nature of the allosteric mechanisms, which manifests itself as the alteration of the biological function of a protein/enzyme (e.g. ligand/substrate binding at the active site) by binding of ���other object��� (���allos stereos��� in Greek) at a site distant (> 1 nanometer) from the active site, namely the effector site. Thus, at the heart of allostery there is signal propagation from the effector to the active site through a dense protein matrix, with a fundamental challenge being represented by the elucidation of the physico-chemical interactions between amino acid residues allowing communicatio n between the two binding sites, i.e. the ���allosteric pathways���. Here, we propose a multidisciplinary approach based on a combination of computational chemistry, involving molecular dynamics simulations of protein motions, (bio)physical analysis of allosteric systems, including multiple sequence alignments of known allosteric systems, and mathematical tools based on graph theory and machine learning that can greatly help understanding the complexity of dynamical interactions involved in the different allosteric systems. The project aims at developing robust and fast tools to identify unknown allosteric pathways. The characterization and predictions of such allosteric spots could elucidate and fully exploit the power of allosteric modulation in enzymes and DNA-protein complexes, with great potential applications in enzyme engineering and drug discovery.