Chromosomal characteristics of a Brazilian whip spider (Amblypygi) and evolutionary relationships with other arachnid orders

We analyzed mitotic and meiotic cells of a Brazilian amblypygid, Heterophrynus longicornis, using conventional and molecular cytogenetic techniques (Giemsa staining, C-banding, Ag-NOR, and FISH with rDNA probe). This is the first study that focuses solely on amblypygid chromosomes; it was undertaken to add data on cytogenetic knowledge of this group and contribute to the understanding of chromosome evolution in the Arachnida. We found 2n = 66 for male and female individuals, monocentric chromosomes, and absence of morphologically differentiated sex chromosomes. C-banding showed heterochromatin in the pericentromeric region of most chromosomes. Mitotic and meiotic nuclei submitted to silver impregnation and FISH revealed, respectively, Ag-NORs and ribosomal genes in the terminal region of two chromosome pairs. Most chromosome features that we observed in H. longicornis are shared with species of other arachnid orders; however, the absence of morphologically differentiated sex chromosomes in amblypygid contrasts with the remarkable variety of sex chromosome systems recorded for the Araneae. Consequently, we conclude that analysis of species of the Tetrapulmonata clade is useful for understanding the trends of sex chromosome evolution in this arachnid group. © FUNPEC-RP.

Effects of fasting and refeeding on the metabolic functions of the turtle kinosternon scorpioides (linnaeus, 1766) raised in captivity

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Role playing game eletrônico: uma tecnologia lúdica para aprender e ensinar matemática

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A Construção de identidades online por meio do Role Playing Game: relações com o ensino e aprendizagem de matemática em curso à distância

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise citogenética comparativa em espécies de morcegos da subfamília phyllostominae (chiroptera-phyllostomidae) por citogenética clássica e hibridização in situ Flourescente (fish)

Os morcegos representam um grupo amplamente distribuído e diversificado. A diversidade de hábitos alimentares faz da ordem Chiroptera uma das mais bem sucedidas entre os mamíferos, desempenhando, em função de seus hábitos, um importante papel no controle de insetos, na polinização e na dispersão de sementes de numerosos vegetais. A família Phyllostomidae constitui a terceira maior família em número de espécies dentro da Ordem Chiroptera. Entre as representantes neotropicais é a mais numerosa, sendo encontrada em florestas tropicais da America do Sul, particularmente, concentrada na Amazônia que é a região com maior diversidade de morcegos do mundo. No presente trabalho foram analisados citogeneticamente exemplares de três espécies da subfamília Phyllostominae: Chrotopterus auritus, Trachops cirrhosus e Vampyrum spectrum coletados no estado do Pará e Amazonas. Os dados cromossômicos obtidos para Chrotopterus auritus (2n = 28 e NF = 52) e Trachops cirrhosus (2n = 30, FN = 56) estão de acordo com os descritos na literatura. Para Vampyrum spectrum (2n=30 NF=56) relatamos os primeiros padrões de bandeamento e FISH (Hibridização in situ Fluorescente). A técnica de bandeamento C demonstrou um padrão pericentromérico de distribuição da heterocromatina constitutiva nas três espécies estudadas. A técnica de FISH com sondas de DNA teloméricas humanas mostrou apenas marcações distais em todos os cromossomos das três espécies e as sondas de rDNA 18S confirmaram a localização das Regiões Organizadoras Nucleares observadas na técnica de Ag-NOR, presentes no braço longo do par 2 de Chrotopterus auritus, no par 11 de Trachops cirrhosus e no braço longo do par 1 de Vampyrum spectrum. A análise comparativa entre elas sugere um extenso grau de diferenciação cromossômica, com poucos cromossomos compartilhados entre os três gêneros. Contudo, cinco pares cromossômicos inteiros se mantiveram conservados sem nenhum tipo de rearranjo após a divergência das três linhagens. A comparação entre as espécies revela que C. auritus e V. spectrum apresentam mais elementos compartilhados entre si do que em relação à T. cirrhosus. Nossos resultados apoiam a proximidade filogenética entre C. auritus e V. spectrum e sugerem a associação de T. cirrhosus com o clado do gênero Phyllostomus.

Shading effects on community composition and food web structure of a deforested pasture stream: Evidences from a field experiment in Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Degradation, residual determination, and cholinesterase activity of triclorfon in Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg (Pacu) 1887

The aim of this study was to determine the no-observable-adverse-effect concentration (NOAEC) for trichlorfon, an antiparasitic agent used in aquaculture, in Piractus mesopotamicus (pacu) using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity as an end point. Fish were exposed 24 h/d for 15 d to different concentrations of trichlorfon in tanks of water for which a curve of dissipation was previously determined. Analysis of trichlorfon in water and fish plasma using gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) enabled measurement of limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), respectively, to be 3 and 10 ppb. Thirty-six hours after trichlorfon dilution in water, the concentration was below the LOD, and data showed that plasma concentrations did not exceed the LOQ. Apart from the 6.25 g/L, all concentrations of trichlorfon significantly inhibited plasma and brain AChE activity compared to controls. The AChE activity levels returned to control values in 7 d. These data may be useful to determine the concentration of trichlorfon that destroys parasites without producing adverse effects in fish.

Origin and distribution of AT-rich repetitive DNA families in Triatoma infestans (Heteroptera)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The influence of habitat homogenization on the trophic structure of fish fauna in tropical streams

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Polyculture of Freshwater Angelfish Pterophyllum scalare and Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in low-salinity water

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Toxicity on aquatic organisms exposed to secondary effluent disinfected with chlorine, peracetic acid, ozone and UV radiation

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Aspectos formais da trilha musical de Yasunori Mitsuda para o game Chrono Cross e sua interação com o enredo

This work has the aim of evince compositional tools used in the development of musical scores for role-playing videogames through the analysis of Yasunori Mitsuda’s music for Chrono Cross (1999). This research is divided in two main parts: the first traces a historic path of the RPG genre on videogame consoles, since its birth as a tabletop game in the decade of 1970 until its consolidation on 3D game machines released in the 1990’s. The focus of this historical study concentrates on the aesthetics of this kind of game and on the multiple relations it settles with sound throughout the years. The second part is an analytical work on an assortment of pieces by Mitsuda for the aforementioned game, bringing up the most interesting aspects of the connections established between these compositions and the whole game.

Processing yield and chemical composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with regard to body weight

The influence of weight (W) category of the rainbow trout on processing yield and chemical composition of the entire eviscerated fish and fish fillet was analyzed. A completely randomized design was employed for processing variables (W1 = 300 to 370 g and W2 = 371 to 440) coupled to a 2 x 2 factorial scheme for the chemical composition (W1 and W2 and forms of presentation: fillet and whole eviscerated fish). W1 showed higher yield for entire eviscerated fish (83.00%) and head (13.27%), but a lower yield for the viscera (17.00%), when compared to W2. We did not affect abdominal muscle yield, fillet with or without skin, skin percentage and residues. There were significant differences between W for moisture (W1 = 72.30% and W2 = 71.15%) and lipids (CP1 = 7.96% and CP2 = 9.04%) rates. Fillet moisture contents (73.74%) and crude protein (19.05%) were higher (p < 0.01) than for entire eviscerated fish (69.71% and 17.81%, respectively). Ash (2.15%) and lipid (10.48%) rates were higher (p < 0.01) for entire fish when compared to those of fillets (1.16% and 6.52%, respectively). The slaughter of fish weighing between 300 and 370 g and their fillets are more adequate for the market.

More of the same: high functional redundancy in stream fish assemblages from tropical agroecosystems

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Induced reproduction and early development histology of Oscar Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)