A música como expressão e cognição: a propositósito do conceito de "crítica imanente do material" em adorno

Numa recensão às conferências sobre "Metafísica - Conceitos e Problemas" {Metaphysik. Begriffe und Probleme), proferidas por Adorno, na Universidade de Frankfurt, no segundo semestre de 1965 e publicadas postumamente, o filósofo dinamarquês Stâle R. S. Finke (1999) analisa os "esforços" de Adorno por "recuperar a concepção da experiência metafísica". Uma tal recuperação teria de ser compreendida num quadro de pensamento que é o da "dialéctica negativa", por sua vez tributária dos padrões kantianos de "consciência conceptual e autonomia moral" que Adorno articula naquilo a que Finke chama o "projecto" ou o "ideal de liberdade expressiva". O conceito de experiência metafísica, formulado nas referidas conferências, seria, assim, da maior importância para Adorno, pois que nele se daria expressão ao objectivo da "dialéctica negativa" (a Negative Dialektik foi publicada no ano seguinte, 1966): "a invocação do não-idêntico como condição de experiência e de expressão". "Relacionada intrinsecamente" com o "donnnio da experiência possível", histórica e cultural, isto é, com tudo aquilo que constrange a autonomia (por um lado permitindo, por outro lado limitando as possibilidades do eu), a concepção da experiência metafísica em Adorno convoca essas possibilidades do eu como inalcançadas

Clinical and histological characteristics of HIV and hepatitis C virus-co-infected patients in Brazil: a case series study

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important factor contributing to morbidity and mortality in patients co-infected with HIV and HCV. In addition, liver biopsy is an important tool in the clinical management of these patients. Although liver biopsy is controversial, it is recommended for all patients. Data regarding the clinical and histological characteristics of these patients are scarce not only in Brazil but in Latin America as a whole. With the goal of better understanding these characteristics and the benefit of liver biopsy indications in this disease setting, data collected from 234 patients followed from 1996 to 2004 at Casa da AIDS, São Paulo, were analyzed. The following variables were extracted from the patients' medical files at the time of liver biopsy: sex, age, hepatitis C infection risk factors, hepatitis C infection duration, ALT levels, CD4+ T cell counts, history of alcohol abuse, history of antiretroviral therapy, HCV genotype, and liver histological alterations. CONCLUSIONS: 1 - Hepatitis C virus 1 and 3 were the most frequently identified genotypes and were diagnosed in 72% and 25.5% of cases respectively; 2 - Structural liver alterations were found to be mild or absent in 48.2% (113/234) of the analyzed patients; 3 - Fifty-three patients (23%) had normal ALT levels and 4 - Significant liver architectural changes (F2-F3) were evident in 22.5% of the patients with normal ALT levels.

L. (L.) chagasi in aids and visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) co-infection

Concomitant skin lesions in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar are rare, being more common the description of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis occurring post treatment of kala-azar. Skin lesions caused by Leishmania donovani are frequently seen in the aids-VL co-infection. In Brazil cutaneous or mucosal forms of tegumentary leishmaniasis concomitant with aids are more commonly registered. Here we present a case of aids-VL co-infection, with unusual cutaneous and digestive compromising attributed to L. (L.) chagasi, with special attention to ecthymatous aspect of the lesion, allied to the absence of parasite on the histological skin biopsy.

A Study on Microstructure Characteristics of TEPs-modified Adhesives

Thermally expandable particles (TEPs) were developed by Dow Chemical Co in the early 1970´s [1] and were further developed by others [2, 3]. They are particles made up of a thermoplastic shell filled with liquid hydrocarbon. On heating them, two transformations will occur. One is the softening of shell material and the other is the gasification of the hydrocarbon liquid inside it. As a consequence, the shell will expand as the gas inside it will push the softened shell from inside out causing it to grow in size [4]. When fully expanded, the growth in volume of the particle can be from 50 to 100 times [3]. Owing to this unique behaviour, TEPs are used by the industry in a wide variety of applications mainly for weight reduction and appearance improvement for thermoplastics, inks, and coatings. In adhesive bonding, TEPs have been used for recycling purposes. Moreover, TEPs might be used to modify structural adhesives for other new purposes, such as: to increase the joint strength by creating an adhesive functionally modified along the overlap of the joint by gradual heating and/or to heal the adhesive in case of damage.

A comparison between thin film solar cells made from co-evaporated CuIn1-xGaxSe2using a one-stage process versus a three-stage process

Until this day, the most efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells have been prepared using a rather complex growth process often referred to as three-stage or multistage. This family of processes is mainly characterized by a first step deposited with only In, Ga and Se flux to form a first layer. Cu is added in a second step until the film becomes slightly Cu-rich, where-after the film is converted to its final Cu-poor composition by a third stage, again with no or very little addition of Cu. In this paper, a comparison between solar cells prepared with the three-stage process and a one-stage/in-line process with the same composition, thickness, and solar cell stack is made. The one-stage process is easier to be used in an industrial scale and do not have Cu-rich transitions. The samples were analyzed using glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, current–voltage-temperature, capacitance-voltage, external quantum efficiency, transmission/reflection, and photoluminescence. It was concluded that in spite of differences in the texturing, morphology and Ga gradient, the electrical performance of the two types of samples is quite similar as demonstrated by the similar J–V behavior, quantum spectral response, and the estimated recombination losses.

Co-infection of Dengue virus by serotypes 3 and 4 in patients from Amazonas, Brazil

The natural co-infection with dengue virus can occur in highly endemic areas where different serotypes have been observed for many years. We report here four cases of DENV-3/DENV-4 co-infection detected by serological and molecular tests among 674 patients with acute undifferentiated fever from the tropical medicine reference center of Manaus City, Brazil, between 2005 and 2010. Analysis of the sequences obtained indicated the presence of genotype 3 and 1 for DENV-3 and DENV-4 respectively.

Diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis and HIV/AIDS co-infection: a case series study in Pernambuco, Brazil

HIV/AIDS-associated visceral leishmaniasis may display the characteristics of an aggressive disease or without specific symptoms at all, thus making diagnosis difficult. The present study describes the results of diagnostic tests applied to a series of suspected VL cases in HIV-infected/AIDS patients admitted in referral hospitals in Pernambuco, Brazil. From a total of 14 eligible patients with cytopenias and/or fever of an unknown etiology, and indication of bone marrow aspirate, 10 patients were selected for inclusion in the study. Diagnosis was confirmed by the following examinations: Leishmania detection in bone marrow aspirate, direct agglutination test, indirect immunofluorescence, rK39 dipstick test, polymerase chain reaction and latex agglutination test. Five out of the ten patients were diagnosed with co-infection. A positive direct agglutination test was recorded for all five co-infected patients, the Leishmania detection and latex agglutination tests were positive in four patients, the rK39 dipstick test in three, the indirect immunofluorescence in two and a positive polymerase chain reaction was recorded for one patient. This series of cases was the first to be conducted in Brazil using this set of tests in order to detect co-infection. However, no consensus has thus far been reached regarding the most appropriate examination for the screening and monitoring of this group of patients.

Parallel run-time for CO-OPN

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática

CO-INFECTION OF DENGUE VIRUS BY SEROTYPES 1 AND 4 IN PATIENT FROM MEDIUM SIZED CITY FROM BRAZIL

SUMMARY The natural co-infection with dengue virus can occur in highly endemic areas where different serotypes have been observed for many years. We report one case of DENV-1/DENV-4 co-infection in human serum detected by molecular tests. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences obtained indicated the presence of genotype V and II for DENV-1 and DENV-4, respectively.

CASE STUDY OF A PATIENT WITH HIV-AIDS AND VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS CO-INFECTION IN MULTIPLE EPISODES

SUMMARYReport of a 45-year-old male farmer, a resident in the forest zone of Pernambuco, who was diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 1999 and treated using antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. In 2005, the first episode of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), as assessed by parasitological diagnosis of bone marrow aspirate, was recorded. When admitted to the hospital, the patient presented fever, hepatosplenomegaly, weight loss, and diarrhea. Since then, six additional episodes of VL occurred, with a frequency rate of one per year (2005-2012, except in 2008). In 2011, the patient presented a disseminated skin lesion caused by the amastigotes of Leishmania, as identified by histopathological assessment of skin biopsy samples. In 2005, he was treated with N-methyl-glucamine-antimony and amphotericin B deoxycholate. However, since 2006 because of a reported toxicity, the drug of choice was liposomal amphotericin B. As recommended by the Ministry of Health, this report emphasizes the need for HIV patients living in VL endemic areas to include this parasitosis in their follow-up protocol, particularly after the first infection of VL.

USEFULNESS OF kDNA PCR IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS REACTIVATION IN CO-INFECTED PATIENTS

SUMMARYIt is important to develop new methods for diagnosing relapses in the co-infection of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and HIV to enable earlier detection using less invasive methods. We report a case of a co-infected patient who had relapses after VL treatment, where the qualitative kDNA PCR showed a good performance. The kDNA PCR seems to be a useful tool for diagnosing VL and may be a good marker for predicting VL relapses after treatment of co-infected patients with clinical symptoms of the disease.

Exposição a Animais Domésticos, Sensibilização e Doença Alérgica

Introdução: A exposição a animais domésticos tem uma prevalência significativa e aparentemente crescente. A relação complexa entre exposição alergénica, sensibilização e clínica tem sido recentemente alvo de controvérsia, discutindo-se se a exposição a animais será um factor de risco / protector para o desenvolvimento de sensibilização e posterior doença alérgica. Objectivo: Caracterizar uma população da consulta de Imunoalergologia do Hospital de Dona Estefânia relativamente à exposição a animais domésticos, sensibilização alergénica e presença de sintomas relacionados com o contacto. Material e métodos: Foi aplicado um questionário, caracterizando a exposição a animais domésticos e a ocorrência de manifestações clínicas, sendo realizados testes cutâneos por picada para aeroalergénios em doentes observados em primeira consulta durante o primeiro trimestre de 2003. Resultados: Foram incluídos 167 doentes, 67,1 % com idade inferior a 16 anos, média etária de 17,1 anos (1 a 70 anos), ratio M/F:1,1/1. 80,8 % dos doentes tem contacto actual com animais domésticos, 62,2 % em casa e 37,8 % na escola / trabalho ou casa de amigos. O cão era o animal doméstico mais prevalente, correspondendo a 80 % dos casos de contacto actual; 46 % estavam expostos agatos e 37 % tinham contacto regular com outros animais. Praticamente todos os doentes (88,6 %) tinham na actualidade, ou no passado, contacto com animais domésticos: cão-83,1 %, gato-51,4 %, outro 47,3 %. Em relação à sensibilização alergénica, 61,7 % eram atópicos, 18,4 % sensibilizados a cão e 19,4 % sensibilizados a gato. Em relação à associação entre exposição (actual e/ou passada) e sintomatologia relacionada com a mesma, observou-se esta relação em 14,6 % dos doentes relativamente a cão e em 23,7 % dos doentes relativamente a gato. Dos doentes com exposição actual e/ou passada a cão vs gato, apenas 12,2 % vs 21,1 % estavam sensibilizados. Observou-se associação de exposição regular alguma vez e sintomatologia e sensibilização para cão vs gato em 3,3 % vs 9,2 %. O contacto actual e passado com gato está associado a um maior risco de asma do que um contacto só no passado ou só actual. O contacto com gato (actual e/ou passado) está associado a maior risco de desenvolvimento de sensibilização para gato e sintomatologia com contacto. Discussão: A exposição a animais domésticos tem uma prevalência significativa nos nossos doentes, embora apenas uma pequena percentagem dos doentes apresente sensibilização e/ou sintomas associados a exposição. No entanto, em alguns casos observa-se ocorrência de sintomatologia sem evidência de sensibilização.

HCV INFECTION THROUGH PERFORATING AND CUTTING MATERIAL AMONG CANDIDATES FOR BLOOD DONATION IN BELÉM, BRAZILIAN AMAZON

This study evaluated epidemiological factors for HCV infection associated with sharing perforating and cutting instruments among candidates for blood donation (CBD) in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazilian Amazon. Two definitions of HCV infection cases were used: anti-HCV positivity shown by EIA, and HCV-RNA detection by PCR. Infected and uninfected CBD completed a questionnaire about possible risk factors associated with sharing perforating and cutting instruments. The information was evaluated using simple and multiple logistic regressions. Between May and November 2010, 146 (1.1%) persons with anti-HCV antibodies and 106 (0.8%) with HCV-RNA were detected among 13,772 CBD in Belém. Risk factors associated with HCV infection based on the EIA (model 1) and PCR (model 2) results were: use of needles and syringes sterilized at home; shared use of razors at home, sharing of disposable razors in barbershops, beauty salons etc.; and sharing manicure and pedicure material. The models of HCV infection associated with sharing perforating and cutting instruments should be taken into account by local and regional health authorities and by those of other countries with similar cultural practices, in order to provide useful information to guide political and public strategies to control HCV transmission.

Tratamento da Co-Infecção do Vírus da Hepatite B e C. Resposta Excedida

Os vírus da hepatite B (VHB) e da hepatite C (VHC) constituem a causa mais frequente de doença hepática crónica. A partilha de vias de transmissão contribui para o risco de coinfecção VHB-VHC. Nos doentes co-infectados com o VHB e VHC verifica-se uma progressão mais rápida para a cirrose hepática e existe um risco aumentado para o carcinoma hepatocelular. A terapêutica da co-infecção VHB/VHC é empírica, consistindo na indicada para a infecção exclusiva pelo VHC, o qual, na maioria dos casos, é o vírus dominante. A utilização do tratamento padrão para a hepatite C, nomeadamente interferão alfa peguilado e ribavirina, não mostra diferenças significativas na resposta virológica sustentada ao VHC comparativamente com a dos monoinfectados pelo VHC. É incerto o benefício da associação de análogos dos nucleós(t)idos. A acção terapêutica pode modificar a interacção entre os dois vírus e, designadamente, exacerbar a doença por reactivação do VHB. Os autores apresentam o caso clínico de uma doente com co-infecção VHB-VHC, sem reconhecimento de vírus dominante, em que a resposta à terapêutica instituída superou a expectativa da evidência científica disponível.

Conceção de um tutorial de Iniciação ao co-projeto de Hardware/software

A crescente evolução dos dispositivos contendo circuitos integrados, em especial os FPGAs (Field Programmable Logic Arrays) e atualmente os System on a chip (SoCs) baseados em FPGAs, juntamente com a evolução das ferramentas, tem deixado um espaço entre o lançamento e a produção de materiais didáticos que auxiliem os engenheiros no Co- Projecto de hardware/software a partir dessas tecnologias. Com o intuito de auxiliar na redução desse intervalo temporal, o presente trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de documentos (tutoriais) direcionados a duas tecnologias recentes: a ferramenta de desenvolvimento de hardware/software VIVADO; e o SoC Zynq-7000, Z-7010, ambos desenvolvidos pela Xilinx. Os documentos produzidos são baseados num projeto básico totalmente implementado em lógica programável e do mesmo projeto implementado através do processador programável embarcado, para que seja possível avaliar o fluxo de projeto da ferramenta para um projeto totalmente implementado em hardware e o fluxo de projeto para o mesmo projeto implementado numa estrutura de harware/software.