Comparative analysis of Tritrichomonas foetus (Riedmüller, 1928) cat genotype, T. foetus (Riedmüller, 1928) cattle genotype and Tritrichomonas suis (Davaine, 1875) at 10 DNA loci.

The parasitic protists in the genus Tritrichomonas cause significant disease in domestic cattle and cats. To assess the genetic diversity of feline and bovine isolates of Tritrichomonas foetus (Riedmüller, 1928) Wenrich and Emmerson, 1933, we used 10 different genetic regions, namely the protein coding genes of cysteine proteases 1, 2 and 4-9 (CP1, 2, 4-9) involved in the pathogenesis of the disease caused by the parasite. The cytosolic malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1) and internal transcribed spacer region 2 of the rDNA unit (ITS2) were included as additional markers. The gene sequences were compared with those of Tritrichomonas suis (Davaine, 1875) Morgan and Hawkins, 1948 and Tritrichomonas mobilensisCulberson et al., 1986. The study revealed 100% identity for all 10 genes among all feline isolates (=T. foetus cat genotype), 100% identity among all bovine isolates (=T. foetus cattle genotype) and a genetic distinctness of 1% between the cat and cattle genotypes of T. foetus. The cattle genotype of T. foetus was 100% identical to T. suis at nine loci (CP1, 2, 4-8, ITS2, MDH1). At CP9, three out of four T. suis isolates were identical to the T. foetus cattle genotype, while the T. suis isolate SUI-H3B sequence contained a single unique nucleotide substitution. Tritrichomonas mobilensis was 0.4% and 0.7% distinct from the cat and cattle genotypes of T. foetus, respectively. The genetic differences resulted in amino acid changes in the CP genes, most pronouncedly in CP2, potentially providing a platform for elucidation of genotype-specific host-pathogen interactions of T. foetus. On the basis of this data we judge T. suis and T. foetus to be subjective synonyms. For the first time, on objective nomenclatural grounds, the authority of T. suis is given to Davaine, 1875, rather than the commonly cited Gruby and Delafond, 1843. To maintain prevailing usage of T. foetus, we are suppressing the senior synomym T. suisDavaine, 1875 according to Article 23.9, because it has never been used as a valid name after 1899 and T. foetus is widely discussed as the cause of bovine trichomonosis. Thus bovine, feline and porcine isolates should all be given the name T. foetus. This promotes the stability of T. foetus for the veterinary and economically significant venereal parasite causing bovine trichomonosis.

Rabbiner Dr. Rosenzweig [Illustration] : Hörer 1872 - 1875

Scan von Monochrom-Mikroform

Productivity and Market Integration in American Communal Dairying, 1830-1875

In our late twentieth century experience, survival of an economy seems critically dependent on well established rights to private property and a return to labor that rewards greater effort. But that need not be so. History provides examples of micro-socialist economies that internally, at least, allow for little private property for participants and a constant return to labor that is independent of effort. Some such economies may even be termed 'successful,' if success is taken to mean survival over several generations. If these communities survived without conditions that are generally thought to be necessary for success, a question worth asking is how this occurred, for we can then shed some light on what really is necessary for economic survival. Addressing this issue emphasizes the critical role of time, for even if the microsocialist economies that we study here eventually became the merest shadow of their former selves, the fact that they did flourish for so long makes them a valuable counterexample, and hence, a phenomenon in need of explanation. We consider here the dairy industry of the Shakers, which was characterized by intensive efforts to increase productivity, in part through the use of market signals, but efforts that were also limited by the ideological goals of the community. The Shakers were (and are, but since it is the historical Shakers that concern this paper, the past tense will be used) a Christian communal group. Some of their distinctive beliefs included the existence of a male and female Godhead, from which followed sexual equality, and active communication between Believers (a Shaker term for members of the sect) and denizens of the spirit world. Practices of the Society (their official name is the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, the second appearing being in the body of their foundress, an illiterate Englishwoman named Ann Lee) included pacifism, celibacy, confession of sins to elders, and joint or communal ownership of the Society's assets. Each Shaker received the same return for his or her labor: room, board, clothing, and the experience of divine proximity in a community of like minded Believers (Stein 1992).

Zacharias Frankel : geb. 1. Oktober 1801, gest. 13. Februar 1875

David Kaufmann

Percy [Illustration] : (Porträt)

Samuel Cooper

Die Entwicklung der jüdischen Bevölkerung Preußens im 19. Jahrhundert mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Zeit von 1816 - 1875

Anton Goldscheider

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 134 - Korrespondenzen im Zusammenhang der Sigmund-Freud-Gedächtnis-Vorlesungen 1956 u.a. mit Herbert Marcuse (p. IV 3, 1-255)

Sigmund-Freud-Gedächtnis-Vorlesungen (Sommer-Semester 1956): Korrespondenz und Aktennotizen von Max Horkheimer und Alexander Mitscherlich; Briefe u. a. von Franz Alexander, Michael Balint, Gustav Bally, Ludwig Binswanger, Helmut Coing, Erik Erikson, Heinz Hartmann, Theodor Heuss, Edoardo Krapf, Herbert Marcuse, Alexander Mitscherlich, Rene Spitz, Erwin Stengel, Robert Waelder, Frederik Wyatt, Hans Zulliger (Briefe zwischen Max Horkheimer und Alexander Mitscherlich sind nicht gesondert registriert); Norbert Altwicker: Korrespondenz im Auftrag von Max Horkheimer betrifft die Sigmund-Freud-Gedächtnis-Vorlesungen 1956; 1 Brief von Professor Helmut Coing (betrifft Sigmund-Freud-Gedächtnis-Vorlesungen 1956) an Max Horkheimer, Theodor Heuss, Georg August Zinn, das Hessische Kultusministerium, das Hessische Finanzministerium; Briefwechsel zwischen Bundespräsident Theodor Heuss und Max Horkheimer; 1 Brief von Helmut Coing an Theodor Heuss, 1956; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer und Alexander Mitscherlich an Ernest Jones, 1956; 6 Briefe zwischen Professor Franz Alexander und Max Horkheimer, 1955-1956; 3 Briefe zwischen Professor Gustav Bally und Max Horkheimer, 1955-1956; 4 Briefe zwischen Michael Balint und Max Horkheimer, 1955-1956; 3 Briefe zwischen Ludwig Binswanger und Max Horkheimer, 1956; 4 Briefe zwischen Professor Erik H. Erikson und Max Horkheimer, 1955-1956; 3 Briefe zwischen Professor Edoardo Krapf und Max Horkheimer, 1955-1956; 6 Briefe zwischen Professor Herbert Marcuse und Max Horkheimer, 1955-1956; 14 Briefe zwischen Renè A. Spitz und Max Horkheimer, 1956; 4 Briefe zwischen Professor Erwin Stengel und Max Horkheimer, 1955-1956; 4 Briefe zwischen Professor Frederick Wyatt und Max Horkheimer, 1956; 4 Briefe zwischen Hans Zulliger und Max Horkheimer, 1955-1957; 4 Briefe zwischen Heinz Hartmann (Psychoanalytiker) und Max Horkheimer; 1 Brief von Theodor W. Adorno an Heinz Hartmann, 1955-1957; 1 Brief von Robert Waelder an Max Horkheimer, 1956;

Ueber die schädlichen Einflüsse des Frostes im Winter 1875/6 auf die Obst-Baumschule der Section

Von J. Jettinger

Zu den Frostschäden des Winters von 1875 zu 1876

Von Ober-Hofgärtner Schwedler