The use of analytical hierarchy process in spatial decision support system for land use management

Geographic information systems give us the possibility to analyze, produce, and edit geographic information. Furthermore, these systems fall short on the analysis and support of complex spatial problems. Therefore, when a spatial problem, like land use management, requires a multi-criteria perspective, multi-criteria decision analysis is placed into spatial decision support systems. The analytic hierarchy process is one of many multi-criteria decision analysis methods that can be used to support these complex problems. Using its capabilities we try to develop a spatial decision support system, to help land use management. Land use management can undertake a broad spectrum of spatial decision problems. The developed decision support system had to accept as input, various formats and types of data, raster or vector format, and the vector could be polygon line or point type. The support system was designed to perform its analysis for the Zambezi river Valley in Mozambique, the study area. The possible solutions for the emerging problems had to cover the entire region. This required the system to process large sets of data, and constantly adjust to new problems’ needs. The developed decision support system, is able to process thousands of alternatives using the analytical hierarchy process, and produce an output suitability map for the problems faced.

Politicization of non-political events

Spatial analysis and social network analysis typically take into consideration social processes in specific contexts of geographical or network space. The research in political science increasingly strives to model heterogeneity and spatial dependence. To better understand and geographically model the relationship between “non-political” events, streaming data from social networks, and political climate was the primary objective of the current study. Geographic information systems (GIS) are useful tools in the organization and analysis of streaming data from social networks. In this study, geographical and statistical analysis were combined in order to define the temporal and spatial nature of the data eminating from the popular social network Twitter during the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The study spans the entire globe because Twitter’s geotagging function, the fundamental data that makes this study possible, is not limited to a geographic area. By examining the public reactions to an inherenlty non-political event, this study serves to illuminate broader questions about social behavior and spatial dependence. From a practical perspective, the analyses demonstrate how the discussion of political topics fluсtuate according to football matches. Tableau and Rapidminer, in addition to a set basic statistical methods, were applied to find patterns in the social behavior in space and time in different geographic regions. It was found some insight into the relationship between an ostensibly non-political event – the World Cup - and public opinion transmitted by social media. The methodology could serve as a prototype for future studies and guide policy makers in governmental and non-governmental organizations in gauging the public opinion in certain geographic locations.

Creation of a web application for smart park system and parking prediction study for system integration

In the last few years, we have observed an exponential increasing of the information systems, and parking information is one more example of them. The needs of obtaining reliable and updated information of parking slots availability are very important in the goal of traffic reduction. Also parking slot prediction is a new topic that has already started to be applied. San Francisco in America and Santander in Spain are examples of such projects carried out to obtain this kind of information. The aim of this thesis is the study and evaluation of methodologies for parking slot prediction and the integration in a web application, where all kind of users will be able to know the current parking status and also future status according to parking model predictions. The source of the data is ancillary in this work but it needs to be understood anyway to understand the parking behaviour. Actually, there are many modelling techniques used for this purpose such as time series analysis, decision trees, neural networks and clustering. In this work, the author explains the best techniques at this work, analyzes the result and points out the advantages and disadvantages of each one. The model will learn the periodic and seasonal patterns of the parking status behaviour, and with this knowledge it can predict future status values given a date. The data used comes from the Smart Park Ontinyent and it is about parking occupancy status together with timestamps and it is stored in a database. After data acquisition, data analysis and pre-processing was needed for model implementations. The first test done was with the boosting ensemble classifier, employed over a set of decision trees, created with C5.0 algorithm from a set of training samples, to assign a prediction value to each object. In addition to the predictions, this work has got measurements error that indicates the reliability of the outcome predictions being correct. The second test was done using the function fitting seasonal exponential smoothing tbats model. Finally as the last test, it has been tried a model that is actually a combination of the previous two models, just to see the result of this combination. The results were quite good for all of them, having error averages of 6.2, 6.6 and 5.4 in vacancies predictions for the three models respectively. This means from a parking of 47 places a 10% average error in parking slot predictions. This result could be even better with longer data available. In order to make this kind of information visible and reachable from everyone having a device with internet connection, a web application was made for this purpose. Beside the data displaying, this application also offers different functions to improve the task of searching for parking. The new functions, apart from parking prediction, were: - Park distances from user location. It provides all the distances to user current location to the different parks in the city. - Geocoding. The service for matching a literal description or an address to a concrete location. - Geolocation. The service for positioning the user. - Parking list panel. This is not a service neither a function, is just a better visualization and better handling of the information.

Support in decision-making under uncertainty: a project risk assessment tool development and supplementary advances

A foremost dispute that persists on the contemporary world’s agenda is change. The on-going social/technological/economic changes create a competitive and challenging environment for companies to endure. To benefit from these changes, world economies partially depend on emerging Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and their adaptability skills, and subsequently the development of an integrated capability to innovate has become the prime strategy for most of SMEs to subsist and grow. However, innovation and change are always somewhat bonded to an inherent risk development, which subsequently brings on the necessity of a revision of risk management approaches in innovative processes, whose importance SMEs tend to disregard. Additionally, little efforts have been made to improve and create empirical models, metrics and tools to assist SMEs managing latent risks in their innovative projects. This work seeks to present and discuss a solution to support SMEs in engaging on systematic risk management practices, which consists on an integrated risk assessment and response support web-based tool - Spotrisk® - designed for SMEs. On the other hand, an inherent subjectivity is linked with risk management and identification processes, due to uncertainty trait of its nature, for each individual perceives situations according to his own idiosyncrasy, which brings complications in normalizing risk profiles and procedures. This essay aims to bring insights concerning the support in decision-making processes under uncertainty, by addressing issues related with the risk behavior character among individuals. To address such issues, subjects of neuroscience or psychology are explored and models to identify such character are proposed, as well as models to improve presented tool. This work attempts to go beyond the restrictive aim of endeavoring on technical improvement dissertation, and in embraces an exploratory conceptualization concerning micro, small and medium businesses’ traits regarding risk characters and project risk assessment tools.

Electromyography function, disability degree, and pain in leprosy patients undergoing neural mobilization treatment

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the neural mobilization technique on electromyography function, disability degree, and pain in patients with leprosy. METHODS: A sample of 56 individuals with leprosy was randomized into an experimental group, composed of 29 individuals undergoing treatment with neural mobilization, and a control group of 27 individuals who underwent conventional treatment. In both groups, the lesions in the lower limbs were treated. In the treatment with neural mobilization, the procedure used was mobilization of the lumbosacral roots and sciatic nerve biased to the peroneal nerve that innervates the anterior tibial muscle, which was evaluated in the electromyography. RESULTS: Analysis of the electromyography function showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the experimental group in both the right (Δ%=22.1, p=0.013) and the left anterior tibial muscles (Δ%=27.7, p=0.009), compared with the control group pre- and post-test. Analysis of the strength both in the movement of horizontal extension (Δ%right=11.7, p=0.003/Δ%left=27.4, p=0.002) and in the movement of back flexion (Δ%right=31.1; p=0.000/Δ%left=34.7, p=0.000) showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in both the right and the left segments when comparing the experimental group pre- and post-test. The experimental group showed a significant reduction (p=0.000) in pain perception and disability degree when the pre- and post-test were compared and when compared with the control group in the post-test. CONCLUSIONS: Leprosy patients undergoing the technique of neural mobilization had an improvement in electromyography function and muscle strength, reducing disability degree and pain.

Foresight exercises as a tool for decision-making: the example of two case studies in health

Based on the report for the unit “Foresight Methods Analysis” of the PhD programme on Technology Assessment at the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, under the supervision of Prof. Dr. António B. Moniz

Degree of disability, pain levels, muscle strength, and electromyographic function in patients with Hansen's disease with common peroneal nerve damage

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the degree of disability, pain levels, muscle strength, and electromyographic function (RMS) in individuals with leprosy. METHODS: We assessed 29 individuals with leprosy showing common peroneal nerve damage and grade 1 or 2 disability who were referred for physiotherapeutic treatment, as well as a control group of 19 healthy participants without leprosy. All subjects underwent analyses of degree of disability, electromyographic tests, voluntary muscle force, and the Visual Analog Pain Scale. RESULTS: McNemar's test found higher levels of grade 2 of disability (Δ = 75.9%; p = 0.0001) among individuals with leprosy. The Mann-Whitney test showed greater pain levels (Δ = 5.0; p = 0.0001) in patients with leprosy who had less extension strength in the right and left extensor hallucis longus muscles (Δ = 1.28, p = 0.0001; Δ = 1.55, p = 0.0001, respectively) and dorsiflexion of the right and left feet (Δ = 1.24, p = 0.0001; Δ = 1.45, p = 0.0001, respectively) than control subjects. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the RMS score for dorsiflexion of the right (Δ = 181.66 m·s-2, p = 0.001) and left (Δ = 102.57m·s-2, p = 0.002) feet was lower in patients with leprosy than in control subjects, but intragroup comparisons showed no difference. CONCLUSIONS: Leprosy had a negative influence on all of the study variables, indicating the need for immediate physiotherapeutic intervention in individuals with leprosy. This investigation opens perspectives for future studies that analyze leprosy treatment with physical therapeutic intervention.

Fisiopatologia da microcirculação coronária e perfusão do miorcárdio : ecocardiografia de contraste do miocárdio e doppler transtorácico

RESUMO: Este trabalho tentou contribuir para a caracterização da fisiopatologia da microcirculação coronária em diferentes formas de patologia com o auxílio da ecocardiografia transtorácica. Com a aplicação da ecocardiografia Doppler transtorácica foi efectuado o estudo da reserva coronária da artéria descendente anterior e com a ecocardiografia de contraste do miocárdio foram analisados parâmetros de perfusão do miocárdio como a velocidade da microcirculação coronária, o volume de sangue miocárdico e a reserva de fluxo miocárdico. Estas técnicas foram utilizadas em diferentes situações fisiopatológicas com particular interesse na hipertrofia ventricular esquerda de diferentes etiologias como a hipertensão arterial, estenose aórtica e cardiomiopatia hipertrófica. Também na diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e na doença coronária aterosclerótica, estudámos as alterações da microcirculação coronária. Com a mesma técnica de ecocardiografia de contraste do miocárdio foi analisada a perfusão do miocárdio num modelo experimental animal sujeito a uma dieta aterogénica. Além das conclusões específicas em relação a cada um dos trabalhos efectuados há a referir como conclusões gerais a sua fácil aplicabilidade e exequibilidade em âmbito clínico, a sua reprodutibilidade e precisão. Quando comparadas com técnicas consideradas de referência mostraram resultados com significativa correlação estatística. Em todos os doentes e nos grupos controle foi possível comprovar e quantificar o gradiente de perfusão transmural em repouso e durante a acção de stress vasodilatador, relevando a importância da perfusão sub-endocárdica na função do ventrículo esquerdo. O estudo da microcirculação coronária no grupo de doentes com hipertrofia ventricular esquerda revelou que no grupo com hipertensão arterial existe disfunção da microcirculação coronária ainda antes de se observar aumento de massa do ventrículo esquerdo, e que esta disfunção é diferente em função da geometria ventricular. Nos doentes com estenose aórtica foi demonstrado que além da disfunção da microcirculação coronária, explicada pelo fenómeno de hipertrofia, existe outro componente extrínseco que depois de corrigido através de cirurgia de substituição valvular, conduziu a uma parcial normalização dos valores de reserva coronária. Na cardiomiopatia hipertrófica observou-se uma grande heterogeneidade de perfusão transmural e foi documentado, em imagens de ecocardiografia de contraste do miocárdio e após análise paramétrica, a ausência de perfusão do miocárdio na região sub-endocárdica durante o stress vasodilatador de reserva coronária diminuídos em fases precoces de evolução da doença. Foi demonstrado que a reserva coronária na DM2 em fases mais avançadas estava significativamente diminuída. Descrevemos também em doentes com DM2 e sem doença coronária angiográfica a existência de disfunção da microcirculação coronária. Durante o stress vasodilatador, observámos e documentámos neste grupo de doentes, a existência de defeitos de perfusão transitórios ou de diminuição da velocidade da microcirculação coronária. No grupo de doentes com doença coronária confirmámos o interesse da avaliação da reserva coronária após intervenção percutânea na definição de prognóstico pós EAM, em termos de recuperação funcional do ventrículo esquerdo. Em doentes com BCRE e de difícil estratificação de risco, foi possível calcular o valor de reserva coronária e estratificar o risco de doença coronária. Num modelo experimental animal demonstrámos a exequibilidade da técnica de ECM, e verificámos que nessas condições experimentais, uma sobrecarga aterogénica na dieta, ao fim de 6 semanas, comprometia severamente a reserva coronária. Estes resultados foram parcialmente reversíveis quando à dieta foi adicionada uma estatina. Estas técnicas pela sua não invasibilidade, fácil acesso, repetibilidade e inocuidade perspectivam-se de grande utilidade na caracterização de doentes com disfunção da microcirculação coronária, nas diferentes áreas de diagnóstico, terapêutica e prevenção. A possibilidade de adaptar a técnica em modelos experimentais animais também nos parece poder vir a ter grande utilidade em investigação.----------------ABSTRACT: This work is intended to be a contribution to the study of coronary microcirculation applying new echocardiographic techniques as transthoracic Doppler echocardiography of coronary arteries and myocardial contrast echocardiography. Coronary flow reserve may be assessed by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, and important functional microcirculation parameters as microcirculation flow velocity, myocardial blood volume and myocardial flow reserve may be evaluated through myocardial contrast echocardiography. Microcirculation was analysed in different pathophysiological settings. We addressed situations with increased left ventricular mass as systemic arterial hypertension, aortic stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Also coronary microcirculation was studied in type 2 Diabetes and in different clinical forms of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Specific and detailed conclusions were withdrawn from each experimental work. In the overall it was concluded that these two techniques were important tools to easily assess specific pathophysiological information about coronary microcirculation at bed side which would be difficult to get through other techniques. When compared with gold standard techniques, similar sensibility and specificity was found. Because of their better temporal and spatial resolution it was possible to analyse the importance of transmural perfusion gradients, both in basal and during vasodilatation, and their relation to ischemia, and mechanical wall kinetics, as wall thickening and motion. Coronary microcirculation dysfunction was found in systemic arterial hypertension early evolution stages, also related to different left ventricular geometric patterns. Different etiopathogenical explanations for aortic stenosis coronary microcirculation dysfunction were analysed and compared after aortic valve replacement. Transmural myocardial perfusion heterogeneity pattern was observed in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which was aggravated during adenosine challenge. Coronary microcirculation dysfunction was diagnosed in type 2 diabetes both with coronary artery disease and with normal angiographic coronary arteries. Dynamic transitory subendocardial perfusion defects with adenosine vasodilatation were visualized in these patients.In patients with left branch block, transthoracic Doppler echocardiography was able to suggest a coronary reserve cut-off value for risk stratification. Also it was possible with this technique to calculate coronary flow reserve and predict restenosis after PTCA Again, in an experimental animal model, applying myocardial contrast echocardiography technique it was possible to study the consequences of an atherogenic diet and statins action on the coronary microcirculation function. Because these techniques are easily performed at bed side, are harmless, use no ionizing radiation and because of their repeatability, reproducibility and accuracythey are promissory tools to assess coronary microcirculation. Both in clinic and research areas these techniques will probably have a role in clinical diagnosis, prevention and therapeutically decision.

A logical foundation for session-based concurrent computation

Linear logic has long been heralded for its potential of providing a logical basis for concurrency. While over the years many research attempts were made in this regard, a Curry-Howard correspondence between linear logic and concurrent computation was only found recently, bridging the proof theory of linear logic and session-typed process calculus. Building upon this work, we have developed a theory of intuitionistic linear logic as a logical foundation for session-based concurrent computation, exploring several concurrency related phenomena such as value-dependent session types and polymorphic sessions within our logical framework in an arguably clean and elegant way, establishing with relative ease strong typing guarantees due to the logical basis, which ensure the fundamental properties of type preservation and global progress, entailing the absence of deadlocks in communication. We develop a general purpose concurrent programming language based on the logical interpretation, combining functional programming with a concurrent, session-based process layer through the form of a contextual monad, preserving our strong typing guarantees of type preservation and deadlock-freedom in the presence of general recursion and higher-order process communication. We introduce a notion of linear logical relations for session typed concurrent processes, developing an arguably uniform technique for reasoning about sophisticated properties of session-based concurrent computation such as termination or equivalence based on our logical approach, further supporting our goal of establishing intuitionistic linear logic as a logical foundation for sessionbased concurrency.

Trust, alliance management capability and the alliance management function: A comparative analysis of Portuguese SMEs

Strategic alliances represent a key driver for internationalization and growth, being the purpose of this work project to better understand the intertwined relationship between trust and the existence of an alliance management position. Previous research supports the positive impact of such position in stock market returns. However, little attention has been given to the impact of such position on the level of trust in the collaborative arrangement, which is deemed to be a key driver for alliance success. A qualitative comparative case-study of three Portuguese SMEs is used to draw conclusions from the literature to real life business cases and it demonstrates the positive impact of an alliance management position on trust.

Decision-making process of Nova Executivos’ students

Field lab: Consumer insights

Importance of decision-making in a purchasing context – DPS Case Study

This work project has the objective of exploring the importance of making good decisions on supplier selection, so that the purchasing department can contribute to the success of a company. For that it is presented a short bibliography review of the latest insights that were found relevant, on the subjects of purchasing, technology, outsourcing, supplier selection and decision-making techniques. For a better understating on how to deal with a decision-making situation, a case study is also presented: Digital Printing Solutions (DPS) is a Portuguese company that provides complete and integrated printing solutions and has been planning to contract a software supplier. DPS has no formal supplier-selection model and it has to choose between 2 suppliers. The case study was solved using the M-MACBETH software. I have found that complex decisions-making situations can be easily overcome by using the M-MACBETH decision model. Moreover, the usage of a model, instead of decision that follows no formal procedure, provides the decision maker with insights that can be useful to negotiate with the supplier.

How to improve consumer decision skills in children? A case study of an intervention with institutionalized children

The aim of this study is to assess the institutionalized children’s skills as consumers but also to assess how we can improve their knowledge through an intervention. The sample was composed of two subgroups (38 institutionalized children and 36 non-institutionalized children). In order to assess children’s knowledge, a questionnaire and an interview were used. The method used as intervention was a 30-minute class. Results suggested that institutionalized children have lower levels of knowledge regarding consumption-related practices and lower levels of accuracy at estimating prices than non-institutionalized children. However, results also showed that the attitudes of institutionalized children towards advertising and making decisions based on price/quantity evaluation or based on the use of the same strategy in different situations are not significantly different from the non-institutionalized children. Regarding the intervention, it was possible to conclude that one class is not the best method to improve children’s knowledge. Institutionalized children need a longer and more practical intervention.

Is autonomic function associated with left ventricular systolic function in Chagas heart disease patients undergoing treatment for heart failure?

Introduction The association between cardiac autonomic and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in Chagas disease (ChD) is controversial. Methods A standardized protocol that includes the Valsalva maneuver, a respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) test, and an echocardiographic examination was used. Spearman correlation coefficients (rho) were used to investigate associations. Results The study population consisted of 118 ChD patients undergoing current medical treatment, with an average LV ejection fraction of 51.4±2.6%. The LV ejection fraction and diastolic dimension were correlated with the Valsalva index (rho=0.358, p<0.001 and rho=-0.266, p=0.004, respectively) and the RSA (rho=0.391, p<0.001 and rho=-0.311, p<0.001, respectively). Conclusions The impairment of LV function is directly associated with a reduction of cardiac autonomic modulation in ChD.