Evaluation of wheat or corn dried distillers' grains with solubles on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers

[EN]A study was conducted on crossbred steers (n=275; 376±924 kg) to evaluate performance and carcass quality of cattle fed wheat or corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS). The control ration contained 86.6% rolled barley grain, 5.7% supplement and 7.7% barley silage (DM basis). The four treatments included replacement of barley grain at 20 or 40% of the diet (DM basis) with wheat or corn DDGS. Steers were slaughtered at a common end weight of 645 kg with 100 steers randomly (n=20 per treatment) selected for determination of the retail yield of sub-primal boneless boxed beef (SPBBB). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using pen as the experimental unit. Feeding increasing levels of wheat DDGS led to a quadratic increase in dry matter intake (DMI) (P<0.01), whereas increasing levels of corn DDGS led to a quadratic decrease in DMI (P=0.01). Average daily gain was not influenced (P=0.13) by feeding wheat or corn DDGS, but cattle fed corn DDGS exhibited a quadratic increase (P=0.01) in gain:feed. As a result, a quadratic increase (P<0.01) in calculated NEg of the diet was observed as corn DDGS levels increased. A linear decrease (P=0.04) in days on feed (169, 166 and 154 d) was noted when increasing levels of wheat DDGS (0, 20 and 40%) were fed. Dressing percentage increased in a linear fashion with wheat DDGS (P<0.01) inclusion level and in a quadratic fashion (P=0.01) as corn DDGS inclusion level increased although other carcass traits were not affected (P=0.10) by treatment. The results indicate that replacement of barley grain with corn or wheat DDGS up to 40% of the diet (DM) can lead to superior performance (improved gain:feed or reduced days on feed, respectively) with no detrimental effect on quality grade or carcass SPBBB yield.

Short communication: Rapid separation of cis9, trans11- and trans7,cis9-18:2 (CLA) isomers from ruminant tissue using a 30 m SLB-IL111 ionic column

[EN]Rumenic acid (cis9,trans11-18:2) is the main natural isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Rumenic acid has many purported health benefits, but effects of most other CLA isomers are unknown. Typically trans7,cis9-18:2 is the second most abundant CLA isomer, but it co-elutes with rumenic acid on conventional polar gas chromatography (GC) columns, requiring complimentary analysis with silver-ion high performance liquid chromatography (Ag(+)-HPLC). Herein we report a rapid method for analyzing rumenic acid and trans7,cis9-18:2 using a 30 m ionic-liquid GC column. Optimal resolution of the two CLA isomers was at 145 degrees C and analysis of backfat from barley-fed cattle compared well with GC/Ag(+)-HPLC (y =0.978x - 0.031, r =0.985, P <0.001).

Biological Survey of the Panama Canal Zone (1911)

With the cooperation of several of the executive departments, and of the Field Museum of Natural History, a party of about 10 naturalists was accordingly sent to the zone, and the results so far accomplished have been very satisfactory. Large collections of biological material have been received, including specimens of a considerable number of genera and species new to science. It also seemed important to determine exactly the geographical distribution of the various organisms inhabiting the Isthmus, which is one of the routes by which the animals and plants of South America have entered North America and vice versa. The estimated cost of the survey which would have to be met by the Institution is $11,000...

O regressismo e o conservadorismo no periódico O Brasil

O presente trabalho consiste no estudo e na analise de algumas materias do periodico 'O Brasil', nos anos de 1840 a 1843, a fim de estabelecer como que se deu a conformaçao da identidade politica dos regressistas, futuros conservadores, frente a de seus antagonistas politicos, os progressistas, futuros liberais. Essa identidade foi sendo definida através do embate politico estabelecida na imprensa do século XIX entre os principais representantes dos grupos politicos. A imprensa foi sendo utilizada não só para divulgar suas ideias e ideais, mas como um espaço possível de produçao de conhecimento e significados. Dessa feita, a fim de se perceber em que base a identidade politica partidária regressista / conservadora foi sendo conformada e divulgada, abordam-se dois temas: a antecipação da maioridade de D. Pedro II e a Revolta Liberal de 1842; acrescidos pela análise de um Dicionario Crítico da Língua Politica, que foi divulgado e problematizado nas páginas do 'O Brasil' em 1843. A discussão sobre a maioridade do jovem monarca e depois a sua concretização exigiu de ambos os grupos politicos em maior definição de seus projetos de ação e de seus posicionamentos, a ponto de suas identidades irem sendo delimitadas e rearanjadas. A análise dos conflitos armados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais, em 1842, possibilitou visualizar um desenho mais polarizado das identidades politicas partidarias que passaram a ser denominados de liberais e conservadores. O dicionário político publicado e problematizado nas páginas do 'O Brasil' retratou em palavras a dinâmica de conformação e re-significação dessas identidades politicas.

Biographic Memoir of Ernest Ingersoll: Naturalist, Shellfish Scientist, and Author

The name Ernest Ingersoll is well-known to many shellfishery biologists as the author of two outstanding monographs on the shellfisheries of the United States and Canada in the 1880's. The first (Ingersoll, 1881a), entitled "A Report on the Oyster-Industry of the United States," was a 252-page description of historical and contemporary oyster fishing' marketing methods, and statistical data in the eastern provinces of Canada and the coastal states of the United States. The second (Ingersoll, 1887), entitled "The Oyster, Scallop, Clam, Mussel, and Abalone Industries," was a l20-page summary of the first monograph about oysters as well as a history and description of contemporary methods and statistical data of the other shellfisheries. Although Ingersoll was, by profession, a naturalist and author but only briefly a shellfish scientist, these monographs are regarded as benchmarks, providing the principal descriptions of shellfisheries in North America in the 1700's and 1800's.

Propaganda Partidária Gratuita : seus dilemas e implicações sobre os partidos políticos e a comunicação política brasileira

Este trabalho tem como objetivo empreender um estudo inicial sobre a Propaganda Partidária Gratuita, espaço disponibilizado pelo Estado brasileiro aos partidos políticos para que estes possam apresentar a si próprios e divulgar seus programas políticos. Segundo o levantamento feito para este trabalho, trata-se de um caso único no mundo, mas que vem sendo abordado apenas marginalmente pela Ciência Política do país. Dada a proximidade com o horário eleitoral, a análise foi feita tendo como base a literatura sobre campanhas políticas, de modo a verificar se processos a ela relacionados (em especial o de declínio partidário e a personalização da política) podem se aplicar ao objeto em questão. Para tanto, realizou-se um levantamento empírico das edições exibidas entre 2002 e 2007 de cinco siglas: PFL/DEM, PMDB, PSB, PSDB e PT. Nestes, foram observadas diferentes variáveis, como ênfases discursivas e temática dominante, bem como o conteúdo apresentado. Em função destes dados, oferece-se uma visão de como os programas são utilizados de modo geral e por cada partido, oferecendo ainda uma tipologia sobre seus usos.

Direito do proprietário do imóvel versus direito do terceiro de boa-fé: princípios e critérios que devem orientar a correta aplicação do artigo 1.247, parágrafo único, do código civil

O presente estudo procura estabelecer critérios para orientar as decisões sobre conflitos surgidos entre os verdadeiros proprietários de imóveis e terceiros de boa-fé. A partir da evolução do conceito de propriedade, do individualismo liberal da era moderna ao feixe de direitos, deveres e poderes jurídicos de uma relação jurídica complexa nos dias atuais, destaca-se a importância do registro de imóveis e da publicidade que lhe é inerente para a segurança das transações imobiliárias e a proteção de interesses individuais e coletivos. Considerando a prevalência dos valores existenciais sobre os patrimoniais e tendo por referência o princípio supremo da dignidade da pessoa humana, são sugeridos, como critérios de ponderação, a posse e a função social da propriedade, a boa-fé, a usucapião e a teoria da aparência. Examina-se, assim, a possibilidade de flexibilizar a norma que faculta ao proprietário o direito de reivindicar o imóvel independentemente da boa-fé do terceiro adquirente, se o registro for cancelado, discutindo-se ainda as soluções encontradas pela doutrina e pela jurisprudência para o problema proposto.

Argumentation of the River Derwent using Thirlmere

This is the Argumentation of the River Derwent using Thirlmere produced by the Cumberland River Authority in 1972. This report focuses on the augmentation of the River Derwent by a limited discharge from the Thirlmere Reservoir in short terms. A Working Party of officers from both the Authority and the Corporation was established and experimental releases of water from Thirlmere were made in dry periods in order to assess more clearly their effect upon river flows, and on the level of Bassenthwaite Lake. This report contains the Working Party's evaluations, conclusions and recommendations.

Migration patterns of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) in the North Pacific Ocean

From 1978 to 1988, approximately 71,000 spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) were tagged off the west coast of Canada. This program is the most extensive tagging study conducted for a shark species. Twelve years after the last year of tagging, recaptured tagged spiny dogfish are still being reported. As of December 2000, 2940 tagged fish (4.1%) have been recaptured. Spiny dogfish were tagged in three major areas: Strait of Georgia, west coast Vancouver Island, and northern British Columbia waters. Generally, spiny dogfish were recaptured close to their release site; however, extensive migrations (up to 7000 km) did occur. Migration rates varied across release areas. Spiny dogfish tagged in the Strait of Georgia underwent the least extensive movement; only 10–14% of the recaptures occurred outside the strait. Spiny dogfish tagged off the west coast of Vancouver Island or in northern British Columbia waters underwent more extensive movement; approximately 49–80% of the tagged spiny dogfish recaptured outside of the release areas. Spiny dogfish from all three release areas were recaptured off the west coast of United States and Alaska. Most impressive are the recaptures of tagged spiny dogfish off the coast of Japan. Over 30 spiny dog-fish were recaptured near Japan, most of which originated off the west coast of Vancouver Island or from northern British Columbia waters.

Propulsion characteristics of wing-in-ground effect dual-foil propulsors

Propulsion characteristics of wing-in-ground effect propulsors were investigated using a comparative analysis of thrust and powering characteristics between wing-in-ground (WIG) effect thrusters and traditional screw propellers. WIG thrusters were found to have constant thrust production and efficiency, nearly independent of speed of advance, as contrary to screw propellers, whose optimum efficiency occurs at only one speed point. To produce the same amount of thrust as equivalent screw propellers, WIG thrusters have to work under heavily loaded operating conditions. WIG thrusters were also found to produce a relatively lower but nearly constant efficiency and thrust, independent of speed. Another distinguishing propulsion characteristic revealed for WIG thrusters is that they are capable of operating at much higher speeds, in a range of three to six times that of screw propellers of the same size. While the speed range of screw propellers is mainly limited by their geometric pitch, the speed range of WIG thrusters has no speed limit in ideal fluid. In reality, the speed range is only limited by viscous drag and cavitation, or compressibility, in water or air, respectively. This suggests a potential for WIG thrusters of higher speed application than screw propellers. An experimental investigation and validation of the propulsion system is warranted. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ethics and Foreign Policy: The Antinomies of New Labour's 'Third Way' in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abrahamsen, Rita, Williams, Paul, 'Ethics and Foreign Policy: The Antinomies of New Labour's 'Third Way' in Sub-Saharan Africa', Political Studies (2002) 49(2) pp.249-264 RAE2008

Principles and prejudice: The erosion of fairness in admissibility determinations relating to historic child sexual abuse trials in Ireland

This thesis interrogates the construction of fairness to the accused in historic child sexual abuse trials in Ireland. The protection of fairness is a requirement of any trial that claims to adhere to the rule of law. Historic child sexual abuse trials, in which the charges relate to events that are alleged to have taken place decades previously, present serious challenges to the ability of the trial process to safeguard fairness. They are a litmus test of the courts’ commitment to fairness. The thesis finds that in historic abuse trials fairness to the accused has been significantly eroded and that therefore the Irish Courts have failed to respect the core of the rule of law in these most serious of prosecutions. The thesis scrutinises two bodies of case law, both of which deal with the issue of whether evidence should reach the jury. First, it examines the decisions on applications brought by defendants seeking to prohibit their trial. The courts hearing prohibition applications face a dilemma: how to ensure the defendant is not put at risk of an unfair trial, while at the same time recognising that delay in reporting is a defining feature of these cases. The thesis traces the development of the prohibition case law and tracks the shifting interpretations given to fairness by the courts. Second, the thesis examines what fairness means in the superior courts’ decisions regarding the admissibility of the following kinds of evidence, each of which presents particular challenges to the ability of the trial to safeguard fairness: evidence of multiple complainants; evidence of recovered memories and evidence of complainants’ therapeutic records. The thesis finds that in both bodies of case law the Irish courts have hollowed out the meaning of fairness. It makes proposals on how fairness might be placed at the heart of courts’ decisions on admissibility in historic abuse trials. The thesis concludes that the erosion of fairness in historic abuse trials is indicative of a move away from the liberal model of criminal justice. It cautions that unless fairness is prioritised in historic child sexual abuse trials the legitimacy of these trials and that of all Irish criminal trials will be contestable.