Mineralcomposition of beach sediments from the area "Fähre Großenbrode-Kliff Wulfen" on Fehmarn

Um die Insel Fehmarn und an der Nordküste Wagriens wurden rund 2500 Strand-, Flachwasser- und Seesandproben zum Erkennen der Materialtransportwege sedimentpetrographisch untersucht. Für die Schwermineralbestimmung wurde hauptsächlich die Fraktion 0,2-0,1 mm herangezogen, da diese für die vorliegenden Sedimente charakteristisch ist. Da die Mineralzusammensetzung der Sedimente im gesamten Untersuchungsgebiet gleich ist, also nirgends örtlich sog. Leitminerale zugeführt werden, wurden bei der Auswertung der Analysenergebnisse die hydrographischen Verhältnisse der westlichen Ostsee und die Abhängigkeit des Sedimentes von der Kraft des bewegten Meerwassers beachtet. Bezüglich der Abhängigkeit des transportierten Materials von der Wasserkraft werden drei voneinander abweichende Systeme, nämlich der Strand, die Brandungszone und das tiefere Wassergebiet, erkannt. Am Strand ist die angewandte Untersuchungsmethode sowohl an langgestreckten Küsten als auch in stark untergliederten Ufergebieten zum Erkennen der Sandwanderbahnen geeignet. Erosion und Neuzuführung von Material auf dem Transportwege zeigen das gleiche mineralische Bild, und eine Entscheidung, welcher dieser beiden Fälle tatsächlich vorliegt, kann nur im Gelände getroffen werden. Die Korngrößenanalyse allein ist zur Beantwortung vorliegender Fragestellungen nicht brauchbar, weil durch gegebene hydrographische Bedingungen die Korngröße in Transportrichtung sowohl abnehmen als auch zunehmen kann. In Strandgebieten mit veränderter natürlicher Beschaffenheit der Sedimente und an Küsten mit ausgedehnten vorgelagerten materialliefernden Abrasionsflächen ist die Grenze der Methode aufgezeigt. Höfte, Haken und Sandinseln zeigen jeweils typische mineralische Zusammensetzungen ihres Strandes, aus welchen die Entstehung der betreffenden Anlandungsformen abgeleitet werden kann. Quer über die Brandungszone weisen die Sedimente auf engem Raum wechselnde Mineralzusammensetzung auf, aus der auf die örtlichen hydrographischen Verhältnisse geschlossen werden kann. Zum Vergleich sedimentpetrographischer Ergebniswerte sind nur Sande, die unter gleichen Ablagerungsbedingungen entstanden sind, geeignet. Zum Erkennen der Materialwanderwege wurden entweder Sandproben von den Riffkämmen oder aus den Rinnen zwischen zwei Sandanhäufungszonen untersucht. In beiden Fällen wurden die Transportrichtungen erkannt. In Gebieten, in denen die Strandsanduntersuchungen negativ verliefen, ließen die Riffsandproben Schlüsse auf die Materialschüttungsrichtungen zu. An exponierten Küsten mit mehreren wirksamen Windrichtungen darf jedoch nicht von dem einen auf das andere Wandersystem geschlossen werden. Eine Umkehr der Materialvertriftung zwischen Flachwasser und Strand kann vorliegen. Im tieferen Wasser ist es möglich, mit gleicher Methode unter Berücksichtigung der Morphologie des Meeresgrundes die Materialschüttungsrichtung zu erkennen. Zur Sedimentuntersuchung auf Linienprofilen sind nur Proben gleicher Wassertiefe geeignet; die Sonderung des Materials nach der Tiefe muß beachtet werden. Aus den ermittelten sedimentpetrographischen Werten lassen sich eine Reihe von Beziehungen ablesen, die zur Deutung der Mineralgesellschaft und für die Auswertung der Untersuchungsergebnisse herangezogen werden können. Als regionales Ergebnis der vorstehenden Untersuchung kann eine Karte der Küsten Fehmarns und Nordoldenburgs vorgelegt werden, in der die Sandwanderungswege am Strand, in der Flachwasserzone und in den daran anschließenden tieferen Wassergebieten dargestellt sind.

Fleshing Out and Losing Flesh: The Decomposing Corpse as Narrative Object in American Hardboiled Detective Fiction

This dissertation examines the corpse as an object in and of American hardboiled detective fiction written between 1920 and 1950. I deploy several theoretical frames, including narratology, body-as-text theory, object relations theory, and genre theory, in order to demonstrate the significance of objects, symbols, and things primarily in the clever and crafty work of Dashiell Hammett (1894-1961) and Raymond Chandler (1888-1959), but also touching on the writings of their lesser known accomplices. I construct a literary genealogy of American hardboiled detective fiction originating in the writings of Edgar Allan Poe, compare the contributions of classic or Golden Age detective fiction in England, and describe the socio-economic contexts, particularly the predominance of the “pulps,” that gave birth to the realism of the Hardboiled School. Taking seriously Chandler’s obsession with the art of murder, I engage with how authors pre-empt their readers’ knowledge of the tricks of the trade and manipulate their expectations, as well as discuss the characteristics and effect of the inimitable hardboiled style, its sharpshooting language and deadpan humour. Critical scholarship has rarely addressed the body and figure of the corpse, preferring to focus instead on the machinations of the femme fatale, the performance of masculinity, or the prevalence of violence. I cast new light on the world of hardboiled detective fiction by dissecting the corpse as the object that both motivates and de-composes (or rots away from) the narrative that makes it signify. I treat the corpse as an inanimate object, indifferent to representation, that destabilizes the integrity and self-possession, as well as the ratiocination, of the detective who authors the narrative of how the corpse came to be. The corpse is all deceptive and dangerous surface rather than the container of hidden depths of life and meaning that the detective hopes to uncover and reconstruct. I conclude with a chapter that is both critical denouement and creative writing experiment to reveal the self-reflexive (and at times metafictional) dimensions of hardboiled fiction. My dissertation, too, in the manner of hardboiled fiction, hopes to incriminate my readers as much as enlighten them.

Identification of independent association signals and putative functional variants for breast cancer risk through fine-scale mapping of the 12p11 locus

BACKGROUND: Multiple recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs10771399, at 12p11 that is associated with breast cancer risk. METHOD: We performed a fine-scale mapping study of a 700 kb region including 441 genotyped and more than 1300 imputed genetic variants in 48,155 cases and 43,612 controls of European descent, 6269 cases and 6624 controls of East Asian descent and 1116 cases and 932 controls of African descent in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC; http://bcac.ccge.medschl.cam.ac.uk/ ), and in 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers in the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). Stepwise regression analyses were performed to identify independent association signals. Data from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements project (ENCODE) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used for functional annotation. RESULTS: Analysis of data from European descendants found evidence for four independent association signals at 12p11, represented by rs7297051 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.06-1.12; P = 3 × 10(-9)), rs805510 (OR = 1.08, 95 % CI = 1.04-1.12, P = 2 × 10(-5)), and rs1871152 (OR = 1.04, 95 % CI = 1.02-1.06; P = 2 × 10(-4)) identified in the general populations, and rs113824616 (P = 7 × 10(-5)) identified in the meta-analysis of BCAC ER-negative cases and BRCA1 mutation carriers. SNPs rs7297051, rs805510 and rs113824616 were also associated with breast cancer risk at P < 0.05 in East Asians, but none of the associations were statistically significant in African descendants. Multiple candidate functional variants are located in putative enhancer sequences. Chromatin interaction data suggested that PTHLH was the likely target gene of these enhancers. Of the six variants with the strongest evidence of potential functionality, rs11049453 was statistically significantly associated with the expression of PTHLH and its nearby gene CCDC91 at P < 0.05. CONCLUSION: This study identified four independent association signals at 12p11 and revealed potentially functional variants, providing additional insights into the underlying biological mechanism(s) for the association observed between variants at 12p11 and breast cancer risk

Sustainability, creativity and innovation in project management – Model development for assessing organizational performance through projects

Today a number of studies are published on how organizational strategy is developed and how organizations contribute to local and regional development through the realization of these strategies. There are also many articles dealing with the success of a project by identifying the criteria and the factors that influence them. This article introduces the project-oriented strategic planning process that reveals how projects contribute to local and regional development and demonstrates the relationship between this approach and the regional competitiveness model as well as the KRAFT concept. There is a lot of research that focuses on sustainability in business. These studies argue that sustainability is very important to the success of a business in the future. The Project Excellence Model that analyses project success does not contain the sustainability criteria; the GPM P5 standard consists of sustainability components related either to the organizational level. To fill this gap a Project Sustainability Excellence Model (PSEM) was developed. The model was tested by interviews with managers of Hungarian for-profit and non-profit organizations. This paper introduces the PSEM and highlights the most important elements of the empirical analysis.

De nya EU-direktiven om hållbarhetsrapportering : En fallstudie genomförd på Stora Enso

Bakgrund Denna uppsats behandlar de nya EU-kraven som föreslås träda i kraft från och med det räkenskapsår som inleds närmast efter den 31 december 2016. Uppsatsen har undersökt hur Stora Enso arbetar med hållbarhetsrapportering enligt Global Reporting Initiatives riktlinjer. Detta eftersom att Stora Enso var det första börsnoterade företaget i Sverige vars hållbarhetsrapportering granskats av en tredje part. Vidare siktar denna uppsats på att ge de företag som ej tidigare har erfarenhet från hållbarhetsrapportering en inspirationskälla, som stöd i upprättningen av egna hållbarhetsrapporter. Syfte Syftet med den här fallstudien är att beskriva hur ett företag som redan innan EU-kraven börjat tillämpats rapporterat i enlighet med dessa, och hur de aktivt arbetar med hållbarhetsrapportering. Metod Fallstudie: intervjuer och dokumentanalys. Slutsats Det är viktigt att hela tiden fortsätta förbättra företagets hållbara utveckling och dess mål. Stora Ensos hållbarhetsrapportering kopplades ihop med den hållbara utvecklingen i stort, och här sågs att rapporteringen har hjälpt Stora Enso att uppnå och utveckla sina hållbarhetsmål. Utan hållbarhetsrapporteringen skulle Stora Ensos positiva utveckling inte varit lika omfattande. Utifrån de intervjuer som genomfördes konstaterades det att GRI:s riktlinjer medför både en fördel och en nackdel: de är väldigt omfattande.

Bruch und Kontinuität. Zum Modernisierungseffekt der Reformpädagogik

Untersucht wird die Frage, ob, und wenn ja, in welchem Sinne die internationale Reformpädagogik nach 1890 eine neue Ära gewesen ist. Anhand einer vergleichenden Literaturanalyse werden zunächst die Modernisierungsbehauptungen verschiedener reformpädagogischer Autoren nachgewiesen, bevor dann die Kontinuierung der Tradition beschrieben und am Schluß die typische reformpädagogische Semantik mit tatsächlichen Modernisierungseffekten im Bildungssystem zusammengebracht wird. Die These definiert einen paradoxen Tatbestand: Sehr traditionelle Motive und Denkbilder der Pädagogik des 19. Jahrhunderts werden in theoretisch wie empirisch neue Kontexte urbaner Großstadterfahrung übersetzt, ohne ihre reformprägende Kraft zu verlieren. (DIPF/Orig.)

Estimates of genetic parameters for growth and wood properties in Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. to support tree breeding in Vietnam

Eucalyptus pellita demonstrated good growth and wood quality traits in this study, with young plantation grown timber being suitable for both solid and pulp wood products. All traits examined were under moderate levels of genetic control with little genotype by environment interaction when grown on two contrasting sites in Vietnam. Eucalyptus pellita currently has a significant role in reforestation in the tropics. Research to support expanded of use of this species is needed: particularly, research to better understand the genetic control of key traits will facilitate the development of genetically improved planting stock. This study aimed to provide estimates of the heritability of diameter at breast height over bark, wood basic density, Kraft pulp yield, modulus of elasticity and microfibril angle, and the genetic correlations among these traits, and understand the importance of genotype by environment interactions in Vietnam. Data for diameter and wood properties were collected from two 10-year-old, open-pollinated progeny trials of E. pellita in Vietnam that evaluated 104 families from six native range and three orchard sources. Wood properties were estimated from wood samples using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Data were analysed using mixed linear models to estimate genetic parameters (heritability, proportion of variance between seed sources and genetic correlations). Variation among the nine sources was small compared to additive variance. Narrow-sense heritability and genetic correlation estimates indicated that simultaneous improvements in most traits could be achieved from selection among and within families as the genetic correlations among traits were either favourable or close to zero. Type B genetic correlations approached one for all traits suggesting that genotype by environment interactions were of little importance. These results support a breeding strategy utilizing a single breeding population advanced by selecting the best individuals across all seed sources. Both growth and wood properties have been evaluated. Multi-trait selection for growth and wood property traits will lead to more productive populations of E. pellita both with improved productivity and improved timber and pulp properties.

Características tecnológicas de espécies de pescado com potencial de criação na região sudoeste do Paraná

The fish meat has a particular chemical composition which gives its high nutritional value. However, this food is identified for being highly perishable and this aspect is often named as a barrier to fish consumption. The southwestern Paraná region, parallel to the country's reality, it is characterized by low fish consumption; and one of the strategies aimed at increasing the consumption of this important protein source is encouraging the production of other species besides tilapia. Within this context, it is necessary to know about the meat characteristics. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the technological potential of pacu, grass carp and catfish species. To do so, at first, it was discussed the chemical and biometric assessment under two distinct descriptive statistical methods, of the three species; and it was also evaluated the discriminating capacity of the study. In a second moment, an evaluation of effects done by two different processes of washing (acid and alkaline) regarding the removal of nitrogen compounds, pigments and the emulsifying ability of the proteins contained in the protein base obtained. Finally, in the third phase, it was aimed to realize the methodology optimization in GC-MS for the analysis geosmin and MIB (2-metilisoborneol) compounds that are responsible for taste/smell of soil and mold in freshwater fish. The results showed a high protein and low lipid content for the three species. The comparison between means and medians revealed symmetry only for protein values and biometric measurements. Lipids, when evaluated only by the means, overestimate the levels for all species. Correlations between body measurements and fillet yield had low correlation, regardless of the species analyzed, and the best prediction equation relates the total weight and fillet weight. The biometric variables were the best discriminating among the species. The evaluation of the washings, it was found that the acidic and basic processes were equally (p ≥ 0.05) efficient (p ≤ 0.05) for the removal of nitrogen compounds on the fish pulps. Regarding the extraction of pigments, a removal efficiency was recorded only for the pacu species, the data were assessed by the parameters L *, a *, b *. When evaluated by the total color difference (ΔE) before and after washing for both processes (acid/alkaline) the ΔE proved feasible perceived by naked eye for all species. The catfish was characterized as the fish that presents the clearest meat with the basic washing considered the most effective in removing pigments for this species. Protein bases obtained by alkaline washes have higher emulsifying capacity (p ≤ 0.05) when compared to unwashed and washed in acid process pulps. The methodology applied for the quantification of MIB and geosmin, allowed to establish that the method of extraction and purification of analytes had low recovery and future studies should be developed for identification and quantification of MIB and geosmin on fish samples.

Estudo das propriedades físico-químicas e avaliação de compostos bioativos em camarinhas ('Corema album' L.D. Don)

As camarinhas ('Corema album' L. D. Don) são pequenos frutos selvagens que se desenvolvem em arbustos dunares ao longo das costas da Península Ibérica. Apesar de serem ainda pouco conhecidas, as camarinhas são pequenos frutos que podem pertencer ao vasto grupo dos frutos vermelhos, vulgarmente conhecidos pelos seus efeitos benéficos na saúde. Desta forma, neste estudo foram realizadas várias análises às camarinhas no que respeita a propriedades de natureza física e química e em particular a alguns compostos com efeitos bioativos. Com a realização deste trabalho pretendeu-se avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas das camarinhas, bem como dos compostos bioativos com potenciais benefícios para a saúde. Nesse sentido, as bagas de camarinha foram avaliadas quanto às suas propriedades físicas (dimensões, peso, cor e textura), propriedades químicas (humidade, acidez, ºBrix, fibra, açúcares totais, açúcares redutores e vitamina C) e propriedades fenólicas (compostos fenólicos totais, orto-difenóis, flavonóides, taninos e atividade antioxidante, por DPPH e ABTS), em diferentes extratos de amostras de polpas e de grainhas liofilizadas. Os primeiros extratos ainda foram submetidos a uma simulações das condições do trato digestivo, para avaliar a bioacessibilidade dos compostos fenólicos e da atividade antioxidante. Este trabalho teve ainda como objetivo conhecer a bioacessibilidade dos compostos fenólicos totais e da sua atividade antioxidante, através do método da simulação “in vitro” das diferentes etapas do trato gastrointestinal. No que diz respeito às propriedades físicas analisadas, as camarinhas frescas demonstraram uma altura média de 8,6 mm, um diâmetro médio de 9,4 mm e uma massa média de 0,7 g. Relativamente à caraterização da cor, estas apresentavam uma cor clara (L*=79,8). Quanto à textura apresentaram alguma elasticidade média (2,9 mm) e uma baixa dureza (1,9 N). Nas análises químicas as camarinhas revelaram ser compostas, maioritariamente, por água (87,9%), por açúcares totais e fibras. Para além disso, apresentavam um teor em sólidos solúveis totais de 6,3 ºBrix, uma acidez de 1,4 g ácido tartárico/100 g e um teor de vitamina C de 2,8 mg de ácido ascórbico/100 g.Na quantificação dos compostos fenólicos totais e flavonóides, os extratos de acetona:água das amostras de polpas de camarinha branca apresentaram os valores mais elevados, 1614,1 mg EAG/100 g e 143,7 mg EQ/100 g, respetivamente. Relativamente à quantificação dos orto-difenóis e dos taninos os extratos de metanol e de acetona:água das amostras de grainhas de camarinha branca registaram os valores de 23,4 mg EAG/100 g e 915,7 mg/100 g, respetivamente. Na atividade antioxidante por DPPH e ABTS os extratos de acetona:água das amostras de polpas de camarinha branca apresentaram, respetivamente, os valores de 40,1 µmol ET/g e de 79,6 µmol ET/g. Na avaliação da bioacessibilidade verificou-se que ocorreu uma maior percentagem de compostos fenólicos disponíveis para absorção e uma maior preservação da sua atividade antioxidante nos extratos das grainhas, comparativamente aos extratos das polpas. Com este estudo concluiu-se que as camarinhas são pequenos frutos portadores de um grande potencial em diversos compostos bioativos benéficos para a saúde dos consumidores.

Genetic variation in growth and wood-quality traits of Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata across three sites in south-east Queensland, Australia

Ten growth or wood-quality traits were assessed in three nearby Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata (CCV) open-pollinated family-within-provenance trials (18 provenances represented by a total of 374 families) to provide information for the development of a breeding program targeting both pulp and solid-wood products. Growth traits (diameter at breast high over bark [DBH], height and conical volume) were assessed at 3 and 7 years of age. Wood-quality traits (density [DEN], Kraft pulp yield [KPY], modulus of elasticity [MoE] and microfibril angle [MfA]) were predicted using near-infrared spectroscopy on wood samples collected from these trials when aged between 10 and 12 years. The high average KPY, DEN and MoE, and low average MfA observed indicates CCV is very suitable for both pulp and timber products. All traits were under moderate to strong genetic control. In across- trials analyses, high (>0.4) heritability estimates were observed for height, DEN, MoE and MfA, while moderate heritability estimates (0.24 to 0.34) were observed for DBH, volume and KPY. Most traits showed very low levels of genotype × site interaction. Estimated age–age genetic correlations for growth traits were strong at both the family (0.97) and provenance (0.99) levels. Relationships among traits (additive genetic correlation estimates) were favourable, with strong and positive estimates between growth traits (0.84 to 0.98), moderate and positive values between growth and wood-quality traits (0.32 to 0.68), moderate and positive between KPY and MoE (0.64), and high and positive between DEN and MoE (0.82). However, negative (but favourable) correlations were detected between MfA and all other evaluated traits (−0.31 to −0.96). The genetic correlation between the same trait expressed on two different sites, at family level, ranged from 0.24 to 0.42 for growth traits, and from 0.29 to 0.53 for wood traits. Therefore simultaneous genetic improvement of growth and wood property traits in CCV for the target environment in south-east Queensland should be possible, given the moderate to high estimates of heritability and favourable correlations amongst all traits studied, unless genotype × site interactions are greater than was evident. © 2016 NISC (Pty) Ltd

APROVEITAMENTO DA CASCA DO COCO-VERDE ( Cocos nucifera L.) PARA PRODUÇÃO DE POLPA CELULÓSICA

A casca do coco-verde é um resíduo do consumo da água de coco. Em cidades litorâneas este resíduo já tem se tornado um grande problema, pois é de difícil decomposição. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a casca do coco-verde ( Cocos nucifera L.) para a produção de celulose kraft. A matéria-prima foi caracterizada com relação à densidade básica, composição química, dimensão das fibras e proporção de elementos anatômicos. Foram realizados três cozimentos-teste sendo que um deles foi escolhido para repetição. Em cada um deles variou-se a carga alcalina visando à elaboração de curvas de cozimento. Nos resultados do processo de polpação foram encontrados valores altos de número kappa, baixos rendimentos e baixos teores de rejeito. As seguintes características do material, baixa densidade básica (0,128 g/cm³), alta quantidade de extrativos (33,68%) e baixa proporção de fibras (22,11%), corroboraram para estes resultados. Assim, a produção de polpa celulósica a partir da casca do coco-verde pelo processo kraft, não se mostrou como uma alternativa viável tecnicamente.

Wood-derived biomaterials for biomedical applications

Driven by the global trend in the sustainable economy development and environmental concerns, the exploring of plant-derived biomaterials or biocomposites for potential biomedical and/or pharmaceutical applications has received tremendous attention. Therefore, the work of this thesis is dedicated to high-value and high-efficiency utilization of plant-derived materials, with the focus on cellulose and hemicelluloses in the field of biomedical applications in a novel biorefinery concept. The residual cellulose of wood processing waste, sawdust, was converted into cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with tunable surface charge density and geometric size through 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation and mechanical defibrillation. The sawdust-based CNFs and its resultant free-standing films showed comparable or even better mechanical properties than those from a commercial bleached kraft pulp at the same condition, demonstrating the feasibility of producing CNFs and films thereof with outstanding mechanical properties from birch sawdust by a process incorporated into a novel biorefinery platform recovering also polymeric hemicelluloses for other applications. Thus, it is providing an efficient route to upgrade sawdust waste to valuable products. The surface charge density and geometric size of the CNFs were found to play key roles in the stability of the CNF suspension, as well as the gelling properties, swelling behavior, mechanical stiffness, morphology and microscopic structural properties, and biocompatibility of CNF-based materials (i.e. films, hydrogels, and aerogels). The CNFs with tunable surface chemistry and geometric size was found promising applications as transparent and tough barrier materials or as reinforcing additive for production of biocomposites. The CNFs was also applied as structural matrices for the preparation of biocomposites possessing electrical conductivity and antimicrobial activity by in situ polymerization and coating of polypyrrole, and incorporation of silver nanoparticles, which make the material possible for potential wound healing application. The CNF-based matrices (films, hydrogels, and aerogels) with tunable structural and mechanical properties and biocompatibility were further prepared towards an application as 3D scaffolds in tissue engineering. The structural and mechanical strength of the CNF matrices could be tuned by controlling the charge density of the nanocellulose, as well as the pH and temperature values of the hydrogel formation conditions. Biological tests revealed that the CNF scaffolds could promote the survival and proliferation of tumor cells, and enhance the transfection of exogenous DNA into the cells, suggesting the usefulness of the CNF-based 3D matrices in supporting crucial cellular processes during cell growth and proliferation. The CNFs was applied as host materials to incorporate biomolecules for further biomedical application. For example, to investigate how the biocompatibility of a scaffold is influenced by its mechanical and structural properties, these properties of CNF-based composite matrices were controlled by incorporation of different hemicelluloses (O-acetyl galactoglucomanan (GGM), xyloglucan (XG), and xylan) into CNF hydrogel networks in different ratios and using two different approaches. The charge density of the CNFs, the incorporated hemicellulose type and amount, and the swelling time of the hydrogels were found to affect the pore structure, the mechanical strength, and thus the cells growth in the composite hydrogel scaffolds. The mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels were found to have an influence on the cell viability during the wound healing relevant 3T3 fibroblast cell culture. The thusprepared CNF composite hydrogels may work as promising scaffolds in wound healing application to provide supporting networks and to promote cells adhesion, growth, and proliferation.

I berättandets makt : om tre romankroppar av Per Olov Enquist

Doktorsavhandlingen synliggör avgörande etiska och estetiska aspekter av Per Olov Enquists poetik. Studien belyser den i författarskapet centrala frågan om vad en människa är och demonstrerar dess intima koppling till en utforskning av berättandets kritiska och kreativa kraft. I avhandlingen kartläggs en förkroppsligande estetik i romanerna Nedstörtad ängel (1985), Livläkarens besök (1999) och Boken om Blanche och Marie (2004). Gemensamt för romanerna är en problematisering av moderniteten som tar sig uttryck i en tematisering av sambanden mellan kvinnlighet, kroppslighet, marginalisering och mänsklighet. Problematiseringen är förbunden med ett mönster romanerna delar, där en specifik karaktär fungerar som ett koncentrat av romanbygget. Avhandlingens tes är att det tvehövdade monstret Pasqual och Maria Pinon, flickdrottningen Caroline Mathilde och hysterikan Blanche Wittman utgör förkroppsliganden av de romaner i vilka de figurerar. Genom en kombination av feministiska, nymaterialistiska, genreteoretiska och narratologiska perspektiv synliggörs det samspel mellan form och innehåll, tematik och poetik, som förkroppsligandet innefattar. Idén om romangenrens nära koppling till föreställningar om subjektiviteten genomsyrar analysen där såväl romanens kroppslighet som subjektivitetens textualitet framträder. Kartläggningen av förkroppsligandets manifestationer och effekter blottlägger berättandet som maktordning och makthandling och synliggör ett komplext förhållande mellan roman och människa, berättande och subjektivitet, estetik och etik. Undersökningen ringar in en genomgående produktiv spänning i Enquists berättande, mellan en strävan att formulera och bejaka alternativa visioner av subjektiviteten och en metafiktiv rannsakan av de etiska implikationerna av denna strävan. Studien bidrar till kunskapen om ett av de stora, samtida svenskspråkiga författarskapen och ger därigenom en mångfasetterad bild av berättandets potential i vår tid. ------------------------------------------------------------- Väitöskirja pohtii Per Olov Enquistin poetiikassa merkittäviä eettisiä ja esteettisiä ulottuvuuksia. Tutkimus valottaa Enquistin tuotannon keskeistä kysymystä – kysymystä siitä mikä ihminen on – ja osoittaa sen kytkeytyvän läheisellä tavalla kerronnan kriittisen ja luovan voiman tutkimiseen. Väitöskirjassa kartoitetaan ruumiillisuuden estetiikkaa romaaneissa Nedstörtad ängel (1985, Suistunut enkeli 1986), Livläkarens besök (1999, Henkilääkäri 2000) ja Boken om Blanche och Marie (2004, Blanche ja Marie 2005). Romaaneja yhdistää niiden tapa problematisoida moderniteetti etsimällä naisellisuuden, ruumiillisuuden, marginalisoitumisen ja ihmisyyden välisiä yhteyksiä. Problematisointiin liittyy romaaneille yhteinen kuvio, jossa tietty henkilöhahmo toimii romaanirakennelman tiivistelmänä. Väitöskirjan keskeinen väittämä on, että kaksipäinen hirviö Pasqual ja Maria Pinon, tyttökuningatar Caroline Mathilde ja hysteerikko Blanche Wittman, ruumiillistavat ne romaanit joissa ne esiintyvät. Teoreettisesti tutkimus yhdistää feministisen, uusmaterialistisen, lajiteoreettisen ja narratologisen tutkimuksen näkökulmia, joiden kautta tulee näkyväksi ruumiillisuuden kytkeytyminen niin muotoon kuin sisältöönkin. Ajatus romaanilajin yhteydestä yksilökäsityksiin on keskeinen analyysissä, jossa hahmottuu sekä romaanin ruumillisuus että subjektin tekstualisuus. Ruumiillisuuden ilmentymien ja vaikutusten kartoittaminen paljastaa kerronnan valtajärjestyksenä ja vallantekona. Se tekee näkyviksi romaanin ja ihmisen, kerronnan ja subjektiuden sekä estetiikan ja etiikan väliset moninaiset yhteydet. Tutkimus tuo esille Enquistin tuotannon läpäisevän hedelmällisen jännitteen, jossa pyrkimys ilmaista ja vahvistaa vaihtoehtoisia näkemyksiä subjektiudesta kohtaa metafiktiivisen tutkiskelun tämän pyrkimyksen eettisistä implikaatioista. Väitöskirja lisää tietämystä yhdestä merkittävimmästä ruotsinkielisestä nykykirjailijasta ja antaa samalla monitahoisen kuvan kerronnan mahdollisuuksista nykymaailmassa.

Respuesta pulpar a materiales de restauración tipo resina

Las resinas compuestas y adhesivos dentales se utilizan ampliamente para la restauración de dientes con pulpas vitales. La preferencia en el uso de estas resinas compuestas podría estar atribuida a que son materiales con buenos resultados estéticos y se consideran materiales de restauración estables. Sin embargo se ha demostrado que son susceptibles a la degradación y liberación de la fracción de sus componentes y que cierta cantidad de los monómeros de su composición permanecen sin polimerizar por un largo periodo de tiempo, pudiendo estos filtrarse hacia el tejido pulpar y causar alteraciones de la actividad fisiológica de las células de la pulpa (DPCs) (1). Además, estudios in vitro han demostrado que los componentes de las resinas compuestas tienen potenciales tóxicos, generando respuestas inmediatas y a largo plazo luego de su aplicación. Identificar el potencial tóxico y deletéreo de los materiales de restauración sobre el tejido pulpar es de gran interés y relevancia clínica, por ello este estudio comprende en una revisión de la literatura acerca de la respuesta pulpar a los materiales de restauración tipo resina.