Invasive populations of Senecio pterophorus are neither more productive nor more plastic than the native populations

Successful plant invaders may have specific morphological and physiological traits that promote invasion in a new habitat. The Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability (EICA) hypothesis predicts that plants released from natural enemies in the introduced habitats are more competitive and perform better than plants from the native populations. An increased phenotypic plasticity may also favour invasion because it allows plants to function under a wider range of environments. In this study we used Senecio pterophorus (Asteraceae) to test whether introduced plant populations are 1)more competitive and 2) more plastic compared with the native populations. We conducted a common garden experiment using plants from the native range (South Africa, Eastern Cape), an expanded range (South Africa, Western Cape) and two introduced ranges (Australia and Europe) under different conditions of water availability. Contrary to the EICA and the increased plasticity hypotheses, plants from the invasive and expanded populations grew less and responded less to watering than those from their native range. These results may be caused by a depleted competition as well as the presence of genetic bottlenecks in the newly invaded areas.

Discrimination of native wood charcoal by infrared spectroscopy

Brazil is one of the largest producers and consumers of charcoal in the world. About 50% of its charcoal comes from native forests, with a large part coming from unsustainable operations. The anatomic identification of charcoal is subjective; an instrumental technique would facilitate the monitoring of forests. This study aimed to verify the feasibility of using medium and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy to discriminate native (ipê) from plantation charcoals (eucalyptus). Principal Components Analysis, followed by Discriminant Factorial Analysis formed two different groups indicated by Mahalanobis distances of 40.6 and 80.3 for near and mid infrared, respectively. Validation of the model showed 100% efficacy.

Diretrizes para a formação de professores da educação básica em interface com a licenciatura em química: em contexto as possibilidades formativas

We developed and applied an educational instrument (ID) to discuss, in the discipline of Supervised Pre Service Teachers Practice 1, guidelines for teacher education to redefine teacher knowledge with a specific focus on chemistry teachers. The study used methodological fundamentals of Discursive Textual Analysis that involves identifying and isolating a set of materials subjected to analysis, categorizing these statements and producing texts, integrating these descriptions and interpretations, basing its construction on the category system built. Data were collected through participant observation and text readings used by the students in performing the activity. It was noted that the chemistry teachers trained were able to express opinions that indicated the Construction of Meanings Interface that was the category of analysis established a priori.

Improving and User Interface to E-Procurement Software Used in Asset Accounting and Investigating Effects to Efficiency

This diploma thesis has been done to international organization which takes care from the accounting actions of two major companies. In this organization are used three different purchasing tools which are used when new asset master data is wanted to input to SAP R/3- system. The aim of this thesis is to find out how much changing the user interface of one of these three e-procurement programs will affect to overall efficiency in asset accounting. As an addition will be introduced project framework which can be used in future projects and which help to avoid certain steps in the development process. At the moment data needs to be inputted manually with many useless mouse clicks and data needs to be searched from many various resources which slow down the process. Other organization has better tools at the moment than the myOrders system which is under investigation Research was started by exploring the main improvement areas. After this possible defects were traced. Suggested improvements were thought by exploring literature which has been written from usability design and research. Meanwhile also directional calculations from the benefits of the project were done alongside with the analysis of the possible risks and threats. After this NSN IT approved the changes which they thought was acceptable. The next step was to program them into tool and test them before releasing to production environment. The calculations were made also from implemented improvements and compared them to planned ones From whole project was made a framework which can be utilized also to other similar projects. The complete calculation was not possible because of time schedule of the project. Important observation in the project was that efficiency is not improved not only by changing the GUI but also improving processes without any programming. Feedback from end user should be also listened more in development process. End-user is after all the one who knows the best how the program should look like.

Java-kieleen perustuvien www-sovellusten suorituskyvyn testaus ja parantaminen

Testauksesta on tullut oleellinen, yhä tärkeämpi sovelluskehitysprojektien osa. Sovelluksilta vaaditaan luotettavuutta kaikilla niiden toiminnan osa-alueilla. Suorituskykyyn liittyvät asiat ovat keskeinen osa näitä vaatimuksia erityisesti, kun kyse on Internetissä toimivista www-sovelluksista. Aluksi työssä esitellään erilaisia sovellusten testausmenetelmiä. Siinä kerrotaan yleisimmistä menetelmistä, joiden avulla pyritään sovelluksista löytämään vääränlaiset toimintatavat suhteessa niiden määriteltyihin toimintatapoihin. Testauksen tulosten avulla pystytään keskittymään oikeisiin kohtiin sovellusten toiminnan korjaamisessa. Työssä analysoidaan www-sovellusten rakennetta yleisen kerrosarkkitehtuurin eri kerrosten ominaisuuksia ja niihin sisältyviä keskeisimpiä sovellusten suorituskykyyn vaikuttavia tekijöitä kuvaillen. Näiden, www-sovellusten eri osien suorituskykyyn vaikuttavien ominaisuuksien perusteella esitellään esimerkkejä, kuinka Java-kieleen perustuvien www-sovellusten suorituskykyä voidaan parantaa. Lisäksi työssä kuvataan, kuinka erityisesti ilmaisella Apache JMeter-sovelluksella voidaan Java-kieleen perustuvien www-sovellusten suorituskykyä mitata. Työn tuloksena esitellään lopuksi suorituskyvyn testaus- ja parannusprosessi. Sen tarkoitus on selkeyttää erityisesti Java-kieleen perustuvien www-sovellusten suorituskyvyn testauksessa ja parannuksessa huomioon otettavia asioita.

Numeerisia menetelmiä Java-kielellä

Java-kieli on ottanut paikkansa web-ohjelmoinnin alueella, mutta tieteellisissä laskentatehtävissä se on lyhyehkön historiansa aikana jäänyt muiden ohjelmointikielten varjoon. Tutkielmassa selvitettiin, miten kieli soveltuu matemaattisten ongelmien ratkaisuun. Tutkimusta varten kehitettiin esimerkkiohjelmia eri numeerisen matematiikan osaalueille, kuten integrointiin, derivointiin, interpolointiin ja juurenhakuun; painopiste oli lineaarialgebran sovelluksissa. Eri matriisihajotelmien käyttöön perustuvia esimerkkejä tehtiin useampia. Kaikki ohjelmat toteutettiin siten, että niitä on mahdollista käyttää verkossa erilaisilla tietokonekokoonpanoilla. Tämä on kiinteä osa Java-kielen ideologiaa. Tutkielmaan kuuluvalla web-sivustolla kaikki ohjelmat lähdekoodeineen ovat kiinnostuneiden käytettävissä. Sivustoa on mahdollista kehittää ja laajentaa entisestään, sillä monet numeriikan osa-alueet jäivät vielä käsittelemättä. Ohjelmat lähdekoodeineen sekä kaikkien valmiiden luokkien lähdekoodit löytyvät myös tutkielman mukana tulevalta CD-ROM-levyltä. Esimerkkien pohjalta saatujen kokemusten perusteella todettiin, että Java-kielellä on mahdollista toteuttaa matemaattisia ohjelmia, vaikka kielellä onkin puutteensa; esimerkiksi Javan omat matemaattiset luokat ovat sellaisenaan riittämättömät vaativiin sovelluksiin. Tämä saattaa osittain selittää laimean kiinnostukseen kielen mahdollisuuksiin tieteellisessä käytössä. Java on kuitenkin vielä kehittyvä kieli, joten tulevaisuudessa aukeavat mahdollisuudet jäävät nähtäväksi.

Mobiilin työajanhallinnan ohjelmistokehitys

Työajan seuranta ja kohdistaminen oikeisiin kustannuslajeihin on yrityksen suorituskyvyn ja kasvun kannalta usein välttämättömyys. Tässä työssä tutkitaan mobiiliteknologioiden mahdollisuuksia ja soveltuvuutta tuottaa palveluita työajan hallinnointiin, valitaan sopiva arkkitehtuuri ja kehitetään Java ME –teknologialla prototyyppi, joka on helposti integroitavissa yrityksen nykyisiin palvelinpuolen järjestelmiin ja tietokantoihin. Työn sovellusosuudessa kuvataan prototyypin ohjelmoinnissa käytetyt työkalut, menetelmät, ongelmakohdat sekä niiden ratkaisut. Suunnitelluissa käyttötapauksissa tapahtumatiedot syötetään manuaalisesti puhelimen käyttöliittymän kautta tai automatisoidummin kerätään kustannuskohdistetietoa työkohteisiin sijoitetuista NFC-tageista. Työaikaleimaamista testattiin emulaattorilla ja oikealla matkapuhelimella. Lopputuloksena asiakkaan työajanhallinnan tapahtumat siirtyvät langattomasti ja reaaliaikaisesti yrityksen webpalvelimelle JSON-formaatissa.

Suunnitelma WWW-palvelun monikanavaistamiseksi

Tämän diplomityön tavoitteena on kuvata suunnitelma, jossa alun perin WWW-ympäristöön kehitettyä palvelua muokataan siten, että palvelu skaalautuu mahdollisimman hyvin tulevaisuuden laajennuksiin. Selainpohjaisten palveluiden lisäksi esimerkiksi mobiili-palvelut ja erilaiset työpöytäsovellusintegraatiot ovat kasvattaneet suosiotaan. Samoin eri palveluiden välisestä yhteistoiminnasta on kasvanut merkittävä osa Internet-palveluiden loppukäyttäjilleen tarjoamaa palvelukokonaisuutta. Esimerkkejä WWW-palveluiden integroinneista päätelaitteille ovat hakukoneiden ja pikaviestimien mobiili-versiot, ja palveluiden yhteistoiminnasta erilaisten uutispalveluiden ja sosiaalisten palveluiden, kuten Facebook, väliset yhteisölinkitykset. Tässä diplomityössä selvitetään aluksi Internet-pohjaisten palveluiden kehitystä sekä tutustutaan tarkemmin palveluiden monikanavaisuuteen. Tämän jälkeen käydään läpi loppukäyttäjien saatavilla olevia päätelaitteita verkkoyhteyksineen ja WWW-palveluiden suunnittelumalleja. Suunnittelun lähtökohtana oli se, että erilaisten päätelaitteiden, päätelaitteiden ohjelmistojen ja käytössä olevien verkkoyhteyksien muodostamien palvelualustojen liittäminen palveluun olisi mahdollisimman yksinkertaista. Ja tukea uusien palvelualustojen käyttäjien ja sisällön sovittamista olemassa olevaan palveluun. Työn lopputuloksena on suunnitelma, joka pohjautuu välikerroksen rakentamiseen uusien palvelualustojen ja vanhan palvelun väliin. Palveluun tarjotaan välikerroksen kautta personoitu rajapinta luotetuille asiakkaille sekä kaikille avoin julkinen rajapinta. Välikerros suunniteltiin yksinkertaisella REST-arkkitehtuurityylillä, mikä mahdollistaa palvelun tarjonnan turvallisesti ja tehokkaasti. Tähän välikerrokseen lisätään käyttäjän- ja sisällönhallinnan komponentteja pitämään huolen palvelun eheydestä. Tämä diplomityö osoittaa, että oikealla arkkitehtuurilla suunniteltu monikerroksinen väliohjelmisto tarjoaa tehokkaan tavan integroida ja hallinnoida uusia alustoja.

Thermoanalytical study and characterization of native starches of Paraná pine seeds (Araucaria angustiofolia, Bert O. Ktze) and European chestnut seeds (Castanea sativa, Mill)

Starch is the most important carbohydrate storage in plants. It is a raw material with diverse botanical origins, and is used by the food, paper, chemical, pharmaceutical, textile and other industries. In this work, native starches of Paraná pine seeds (pinhão) (Araucária angustiofolia, Bert O. Ktze) and european chestnut seeds (Castanea sativa, Mill) were studied by thermoanalytical techniques: thermo-gravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), as well as X-ray powder patterns diffractometry. Apparent and total amylose content was also determined.

O Cuidado Empático: Contribuições para a Ética e Sua Interface com a Educação Moral na Formação em Saúde

RESUMO O presente artigo apresenta alguns pontos essenciais do pensamento do filósofo Michael Slote em sua obra “The ethics of care and empathy”. Situamos a sua produção no contexto em que a ética do cuidado foi desenvolvida e problematizada, evidenciando, sobretudo, a questão de gênero que atravessa essa perspectiva ética. Assim, convocamos autores e autoras que dialogam estreitamente com as questões levantadas por Slote como interlocutores fundamentais para se pensar a empatia como componente fundamental da ética do cuidado. Em sequência, resgatamos o sentido ontológico do cuidado e da responsabilidade, correlacionando-os com a prática do cuidado em saúde. Ao final, apresentamos um caso paradigmático para um debate concreto da ética do cuidado e empatia no âmbito da educação moral, destacando sua importância no processo de formação dos profissionais de saúde no Brasil.

Análise técnico-jurídica do licenciamento ambiental e sua interface com a certificação ambiental

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi promover uma análise comparativa do licenciamento e da certificação ambiental, para daí extrair uma fundamentação técnica e jurídica que possibilite verificar a interface entre eles. Utilizou-se uma abordagem teórico-metodológica da pesquisa social aplicada e jurídica, através de uma vertente jurídico-dogmática, bem como uma pesquisa dos fundamentos técnicos e sociais, para avaliação dos processos de certificação ambiental. Objetivou-se comprovar a existência de uma nítida interface entre licenciamento e certificação ambiental, embora não se possa admitir a suplantação da atividade estatal ou sequer a modificação das estruturas básicas da certificação. Recomenda-se um diálogo maior entre o Poder Público e as organizações privadas na busca de um desenvolvimento econômico que concretamente visa a sustentabilidade.

Native species indicated for degraded area recovery in Western Paraná, Brazil

Colonization in the State of Paraná has culminated in the devastation of large forest areas in the entire State. Degraded area recovery programs have emphasized the utilization of native species, but often the species indicated for local reforestation areas are unknown, as those areas are little known floristically. This study aimed to survey native species indicated for reforestation of areas in the Western region of the State of Paraná, classify those species as pioneer, secondary, or climactic, and indicate places of occurrence of matrices where seeds of those species could be collected. Bibliographic surveys in the specialized literature and research in the Herbarium Museu Botânico Municipal de Curitiba (MBM) and Herbarium of Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNOP) were conducted to identify potential species for degraded area recovery in the study of Western region of Paraná. In all, 115 species were selected, of which 22 are pioneer, 73 are secondary, and 20 are climactic. The bibliographic surveys suggests that pioneer species are the most indicated for the initial processes in the degraded areas recovery, while secondary and climactic species play a major role in area enrichment.

REPEATABILITY OF FRUITS AND SEEDS PRODUCTION AND SELECTION OF BRAZIL NUT GENOTYPES IN NATIVE POPULATIONS IN RORAIMA1

ABSTRACT This study estimates the repeatability coefficients of two production traits in two native populations of Brazil nut trees. It determines the number of years of suitable evaluations for an efficient selection process, determines the permanent phenotypic correlation between production traits and also the selection of promising trees in these populations. Populations, located in the Itã region (ITA) and in the in the Cujubim region (CUJ), are both belonging to the municipality of Caracaraí, state of Roraima - Brazil, and consist of 85 and 51 adult trees, respectively. Each tree was evaluated regarding the number of fruits per plant (NFP) and fresh seed weight per plant (SWP), for eight (ITA) and five consecutive years (CUJ). Statistical analyses were performed according to the mixed model methodology, using Software Selegen-REML/BLUP (RESENDE, 2007). The repeatability coefficients were low for NFP (0.3145 and 0.3269 for ITA and CUJ, respectively) and also for SWP (0.2957 and 0.3436 for ITA and CUJ, respectively). It on average takes nine evaluation years to reach coefficients of determination higher than 80%. Permanent phenotypic correlation values higher than 0.95 were obtained for NFP and SWP in both populations. Although trees with a high number of fruits and seed weight were identified, more evaluation years are needed to perform the selection process more efficiently.

PHYTOSOCIOLOGY AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF WOODY REGENERATION FROM A REFORESTATION WITH NATIVE SPECIES IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL

ABSTRACT In Brazil, specifically in São Paulo State, there are guidelines based on the high diversity of tropical forests that instructs the restoration projects in the state (current SMA 32/2014). The main goal of this study was verify the importance and effectiveness of the high diversity of arboreal species originated from a reforestation, and its influence in a woody regenerating composition. We developed a phytosociologic study in a woody regenerating stratum of a nine year old reforestation at a Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (RPPN), in Mogi-Guaçu, São Paulo State. All specimens with height > 30 cm and Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) < 5 cm were evaluated. The woody regenerating diversity was smaller than the overstory diversity and the species composition was similar to the overstory. The Simpson index (1-D) was 0.85, Shannon index (H') was 2.46 and the Pielou index (J') was 0.60. The zoochoric dispersion syndrome was major among the species. Our results suggest that the use of high diversity of native seedlings in a reforestation leads to high diversity of species in woody regeneration stratum, after one decade of planting.

EVALUATION OF SUBSTRATES AND AMF SPORULATION IN THE PRODUCTION OF SEEDLINGS OF NATIVE FOREST SPECIES

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate organic substrates in the production of canafistula (Peltophorum dubium) (Spreng.) Taub, cutieira (Joannesiaprinceps Vell.), jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril L.) and rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis M. Arg.) seedlings, native trees with potential use in forest restoration programs. The design was completely randomized with 10 substrate formulations with 4 repetitions of 3 plants for the four species. The evaluated substrates consisted of soil, bovine manure (BM), poultry manure (PM), chemical fertilizer (CF) and sand, in different proportions. The experiment was concluded at the end of 180 days for canafistula, cutieira and rubber and 210 days for jatoba. At the end of these periods, the root (RDM), shoot (SDM) and total (TDM) the dry matters of the seedlings were determined. Quantification of AMF spores and normalization between samples through SPORES/RDM correction were also performed. The Scott-Knott test at 5% probability was applied. Regarding biomass production, only canafistula had significant difference among the tested substrates. In relation to sporulation, the highest values were observed in cutieira and rubber tree in substrate containing PM. The substrates composed of 40 or 50% soil + 20% sand + 30% or 40 PM for canafistula; 50% soil + 20% sand + 30% PM for cutieira; and for jatoba and rubber tree 60% soil + 20% sand + 20% PM, enabled the best results in terms of biomass production in seedlings and AMF sporulation.