Influência do material do alambique na composição química das aguardentes de cana-de-açúcar

This paper describes variations in the profile of the main volatile organic compounds present in Brazilian sugar cane spirits distilled in copper and stainless steel distillers. The main organic compounds: aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, alcohols and esters, were determined through High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and High Resolution Gas Cromatography (HRGC). The spirits produced in copper distillers exhibit higher contents of aldehydes with respect to the ones produced in stainless steel. The inverse is true with respect to the higher alcohol and ester contents. No significant variation has been observed for the carboxylic acids.

Determinação direta de crômio em açúcar e leite por espectrometria de absorção atômica com atomização eletrotérmica em forno de grafite

A fast and direct method for the determination of Cr in milk and cane sugar suspensions using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman-effect background correction is described. No sample pre-treatment was necessary, minimizing the risk of contamination. The concentration of chromium in cane sugar was evaluated using Cr reference solutions prepared in 1% v/v HNO3 solution. The milk samples were introduced into the furnace with a mixture of amines for avoiding the autosampler blockage and foaming of milk. Chromium determination in milk was based on the standard additions method (SAM). The limit of detection and characteristic mass for cane sugar sample (30 muL) were 0,13 ng/ml and 4,3 pg, and for milk sample (10 muL) were 0,23 ng/ml and 7,8 pg, respectively. The graphite tube lifetime was 300 firings for sugar-cane sample and 100 firings for milk sample. The heating program was implemented in 68 s.

Fármacos e fitoterápicos: a necessidade do desenvolvimento da indústria de fitoterápicos e fitofármacos no Brasil

We discuss briefly the development and the present status of medicinal chemistry. In this context, we consider the therapeutic possibilities of the phytotherapy. On the basis of this analysis, the development of the phytopharmaceutical industry in Brazil is shown to be of essential importance for both the university and the Country due to the human and technological resources involved.

A indústria petroquímica no próximo século: como substituir o petróleo como matéria-prima?

The world reserves of petroleum will finish in about 100 years. For a tropical country like Brazil, biomass will be the natural substitute for petroleum. For the best utilization of biomass, it first needs to be separated into its principal components: cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignins, vegetable and essential oils, non-structural carbohydrates, bark and foliage. All feedstocks for the chemical industry can be obtained from these biomass components, as shown in the first part of this paper. In the second part we discuss how the major products from petrochemicals can be obtained from the different biomass components. We show that Brazil can use different strategies, compared to other countries, to obtain petrochemical products, which could result in innovations. However, it is necessary that the government starts to invest immediately in order to keep the petrochemical industries competitive with foreign industries, so that they continue to be one of Brazil's major employers.

Exposição ocupacional a compostos orgânicos voláteis na indústria naval

The scope of this study involved the evaluation of the concentration of some volatile organic compounds in the internal environmental air of a naval shipyard in the State of Rio de Janeiro, during painting activities in enclosed, semi-enclosed and open areas. Xylene was the volatile compound found in greatest abundance (25.20 to 191.66 ppm) in the locations researched. Benzene in the air, which is a carcinogenic substance, attained levels of 3.34 ppm in semi-enclosed environments and the highest levels of toluene, xylene and n-butanol were found in the enclosed space of the ship. Results obtained highlight the need to establish air quality control programs in these internal areas, in order to safeguard the health of the workers.

Caracterização e classificação do resíduo sólido "pó do balão", gerado na indústria siderúrgica não integrada a carvão vegetal: estudo de um caso na região de Sete Lagoas/MG

This research was developed by considering that the solid waste produced in the process of pig iron production represents the loss of raw materials and the increase in environmental problem. The charcoal based mini blast-furnace off gases dust named CHARCOK was collected from SIDERPA ¾ Siderúrgica Paulino Ltda, located in Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais. The Charcok was characterized and classified according to ABNT (Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas) standard. The results showed that the Charcok should be classified as Class I Wastes ¾ "Hazard Wastes" because of its high concentration of phenols (54.5mg C6H5OH/kg). The Charcok had high concentration of iron and charcoal which can be used as energy source.

La força de la indústria

He defensat reiteradament que per poder transformar el país i fer-lo competitiu, Catalunya ha d'optar per l'economia del coneixement. Això no és només produir amb menys cost, que ho és, és produir coses amb noves característiques, amb valor afegit, i arribar a més gent a preus assequibles. La manera de fer això és optar per la recerca, el desenvolupament, la innovació i la transferència del coneixement entre els sectors públic i privat

Coneixement i indústria

En síntesi, l'economia del coneixement, per la qual hem d'apostar, no és eliminar la indústria, és una cosa ben diferent. Apostar per la recerca i la innovació sí, però també una indústria forta que les integri. El govern explica en el seu pla d'acció que s'han identificat i definit set àmbits en els quals centrarà les seves prioritats en política industrial i orientarà les seves accions

Implantació d’un manual de gestió en una indústria de llescats

Estudi sobre la implantació d’un manual de gestió en una indústria dellescats, realitzat a l’empresa Serra&Mota de la Cellera de Ter (consta d’un sistema APPCC i un manual de qualitat)

Instal•lació d'un reactor químic en una indústria farmacèutica

L’objecte del projecte és l’ampliació de la línia de producció d’una indústria farmacèutica dimensionant la fontaneria i instal•lant el reactor químic. Els antecedents són els seguents: en el Desembre de 2013,una indústria farmacèutica decideix ampliar la producciód’una línia existent de treball, instal•lant un reactor químic en paral•lel a la línia deproducció existent. Al Gener de 2014 es decideix adaptar una zona que s’utilitza com a magatzem per fer la nova producció. Per tant s’ha d’adaptar la zona com a Sala Blanca per complir amb la seva nova funcionalitat. A Febrer de 2014 es contracta un enginyer per redactar el projecte de l’adaptació de la Sala Blanca, així com les instal•lacions necessàries per posar en funcionament el Reactor químic adquirit pel client

Tratamento de efluente da indústria de processamento de coco utilizando eletroflotação

Electroflotation (EF) with aluminum electrodes was applied in the treatment of Brazilian industrial coconut wastewater. The results show that EF with polarity inversion is a very good treatment when compared to others. The removal of pollutants in the wastewater after EF with polarity inversion was 96.3% of oils and grease, 99% of color and 66% of total organic carbon. Also, metal concentrations, turbidity and total solids were reduced.

Transformações químicas da matéria orgânica durante a compostagem de resíduos da indústria madeireira

Composting of sawdust and paper mill sludge, using a "Kneer" process reactor, was studied in an attempt to elaborate upon organic matter (OM) transformation during the process and to define parameters to measure the compost maturity level. Temperature, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data, ash and C, H, N and S contents, and a spectroscopic method using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) for alkaline (pH = 8.5) and solid samples was used to study the maturity of the compost samples. These parameters were measured in 6 humic acids (HA) extracted from the compost samples during 29 days. The results of this work show that the "Kneer" process is efficient in transforming ligno-celulitic residues in a short time (29 days), into an organic fertilizer material with application perspectives.

A destilação simulada na indústria do petróleo

One of the most widely used physico-chemical characterizations of hydrocarbon mixtures is the determination of their boiling point distribution. Knowledge of the boiling range of crude oils and petroleum products is essential to ensure the correct specification of final products and to control refinery processes. Simulated distillation, a GC based process, has been playing this role for the past decades in the petroleum industry. The main purpose of this work is to show the fundamentals of this technique as well as its present trends.

Uso de agrotóxicos em cana-de-açúcar na bacia do Rio Corumbataí e o risco de poluição hídrica

The state of São Paulo is the main Brazilian consumer of pesticides. Sugar cane, which uses a great amount of these products, is extensivelly cultivated in this state, such as in the Corumbataí river basin, an important source of water for the region. In order to implement an efficient and low-cost monitoring program, the temporal characterization of the use of pesticides on sugar cane in this basin was performed. After knowing the seasonal trends of consumption, a better choice of sampling time, became possible. The combination of data from this survey with partitioning indices, average doses and toxicological classifications showed to be important for defining the pesticides to be included in the monitoring program.

Interfaces com a indústria

Brazilian chemical industries face several problems regarding Research, Development and Innovation (RDI). The present paper shows that simple cooperation between chemical industries and university laboratories can be a way to overcome some of the present difficulties. The work carried out at LABOCAT has several industrial interfaces. It involves, among other areas of RDI, the development of anti-HIV-protease (and other virus-related-protease) drugs, the establishment of new (industrial) chemical processes and the implementation of industrial (biodiesel and related) plants. A model based on the present so called RHAE programme is proposed in which, parallel to the fellowship awards of this programme, financing participation of Brazilian Agencies would cover process development.