(Table 1) Ratio of hydroxy-GDGT vs. the total core GDGT was calculated based on the detection of hydroxy-GDGT

Hydroxylated glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (hydroxy-GDGTs) were detected in marine sediments of diverse depositional regimes and ages. Mass spectrometric evidence, complemented by information gleaned from two-dimensional (2D) 1H-13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy on minute quantities of target analyte isolated from marine sediment, allowed us to identify one major compound as a monohydroxy-GDGT with acyclic biphytanyl moieties (OH-GDGT-0). NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data indicate the presence of a tertiary hydroxyl group suggesting the compounds are the tetraether analogues of the widespread hydroxylated archaeol derivatives that have received great attention in geochemical studies of the last two decades. Three other related compounds were assigned as acyclic dihydroxy-GDGT (2OH-GDGT-0) and monohydroxy-GDGT with one (OH-GDGT-1) and two cyclopentane rings (OH-GDGT-2). Based on the identification of hydroxy-GDGT core lipids, a group of previously reported unknown intact polar lipids (IPLs), including the ubiquitously distributed H341-GDGT (Lipp J. S. and Hinrichs K. -U. (2009) Structural diversity and fate of intact polar lipids in marine sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 73, 6816-6833), and its analogues were tentatively identified as glycosidic hydroxy-GDGTs. In addition to marine sediments, we also detected hydroxy-GDGTs in a culture of Methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicus. Given the previous finding of the putative polar precursor H341-GDGT in the planktonic marine crenarchaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus, these compounds are synthesized by representatives of both cren- and euryarchaeota. The ubiquitous distribution and apparent substantial abundance of hydroxy-GDGT core lipids in marine sediments (up to 8% of total isoprenoid core GDGTs) point to their potential as proxies.

Palladium Sulfide – A Highly Selective Catalyst for the Gas Phase Hydrogenation of Alkynes to Alkenes

Acknowledgements The support of the Spanish Government (projects CTQ2014-52956-C3-2-R and CTQ2014-52956-C3-3-R) is recognized.

Utilisation de la réaction de Henry dans la synthèse d'isostère hydroxy-éthylène

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Étude de la physiopathologie des souris déficientes en 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA lyase (HL) : un modèle de la déficience humaine en HL

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Utilisation de la réaction de Henry dans la synthèse d'isostère hydroxy-éthylène

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Étude de la physiopathologie des souris déficientes en 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA lyase (HL) : un modèle de la déficience humaine en HL

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The relationship among serum levels of manganese superoxide dismutase and mtDNA 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, and dietary antioxidants intake in Type 2 Diabetes

Oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). This cross-sectional study examined the relationship among serum levels of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG), dietary antioxidant intakes and glycemic control in African Americans (n=209) and Haitian Americans (n=234) with and without T2D. African Americans had higher BMI (32.8 vs. 29.3 kg/m2), higher energy intake (2148 vs. 1770 kcal), and were more educated as compared to Haitian Americans; all variables were significant at p < .001. Serum levels of 8OHdG and MnSOD for African Americans (1691.0 ± 225.1 pg/ml, 2538.0 ± 1091.8 pg/ml; respectively) were significantly higher than for Haitian Americans (1626.2 ± 222.9, 2015.8 ± 656.3 pg/ml; respectively). 8OHdG was negatively correlated with MnSOD (r = -.167, p < .001) in T2D. Having T2D was negatively correlated with MnSOD (r = -.337; p < .01) and positively correlated with 8OHdG (r = .500; p < .01). African Americans and Haitian Americans with T2D had fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels of 143.0 ± 61.0 mg/dl and 157.6 ± 65.5 mg/dl, and A1C of 7.5 ± 1.8 % and 8.4 ± 2.4 %, respectively. African Americans and Haitian Americans without T2D had FPG levels of 95.8 ± 13.2 mg/dl and 98.7 ± 16.9 mg/dl, and A1C of 5.9 ± 0.4% and 6.0 ± 0.5%, respectively. Dietary intakes of vitamin C and vitamin D were negatively correlated with FPG (r = -.21; r = -.19, p < .05) respectively. Carotenoids negatively correlated with A1C (r = -.19, p < .05). Lower levels of MnSOD were associated with lower levels of zinc, r = .10, p < .05, and higher levels of carotenoids r = -.10, p < .05. Higher levels of 8OHdG were associated with lower levels of Vitamin D, r = -.14, p < .01, and carotenoids, r = -.09, p < .05. The results demonstrate greater oxidative mtDNA damage in persons with T2D compared to those without T2D and in African Americans compared with Haitian Americans. The inverse relationship between dietary intake of antioxidants and oxidative stress implies a potential to reduce oxidative stress with diet. African Americans were significantly younger (53.3 vs. 55.6 years), had higher BMI (32.8 vs. 29.3 kg/m2), higher energy intake (2148 vs. 1770 kcal), and were more educated as compared to Haitian Americans; all variables were significant at p < .001. Serum levels of 8OHdG and MnSOD for African Americans (1691.0 ± 225.1 pg/ml, 2538.0 ± 1091.8 pg/ml; respectively) were significantly higher than for Haitian Americans (1626.2 ± 222.9, 2015.8 ± 656.3 pg/ml; respectively). 8OHdG was negatively correlated with MnSOD (r = -.167, p < .001) in T2D. Having T2D was negatively correlated with MnSOD (r = -.337; p < .01) and positively correlated with 8OHdG (r = .500; p < .01). African Americans and Haitian Americans with T2D had fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels of 143.0 ± 61.0 mg/dl and 157.6 ± 65.5 mg/dl, and A1C of 7.5 ± 1.8 % and 8.4 ± 2.4 %, respectively. African Americans and Haitian Americans without T2D had FPG levels of 95.8 ± 13.2 mg/dl and 98.7 ± 16.9 mg/dl, and A1C of 5.9 ± 0.4% and 6.0 ± 0.5%, respectively. Dietary intakes of vitamin C and vitamin D were negatively correlated with FPG (r = -.21; r = -.19, p < .05) respectively. Carotenoids negatively correlated with A1C (r = -.19, p < .05). Lower levels of MnSOD were associated with lower levels of zinc, r = .10, p < .05, and higher levels of carotenoids r = -.10, p < .05. Higher levels of 8OHdG were associated with lower levels of Vitamin D, r = -.14, p < .01, and carotenoids, r = -.09, p < .05. The results demonstrate greater oxidative mtDNA damage in persons with T2D compared to those without T2D and in African Americans compared with Haitian Americans. The inverse relationship between dietary intake of antioxidants and oxidative stress implies a potential to reduce oxidative stress with diet.

Lésbicas, bissexuais, cis, professoras

Trata-se de diálogos entre ativistas-investigador.a.s4 das questões de gênero e sexualidades com professoras lésbicas e bissexuais da educação pública de Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil sobre temas relacionados à diversidade sexual na escola. Apresenta relatos de professoras cisgênero sobre dificuldades em lidar com a diversidade sexual na escola. Relata as impressões das professoras sobre o tema, com foco nas implicações do pertencimento a determinadas categorias sexuais e de gênero no desempenho pedagógico. Informa que o ambiente escolar está permeado por preconceitos, em que a lesbo-homo-trans e bifobia fazem parte dos discursos heteronormativos e que obriga as professoras lésbicas e bissexuais a uma ocultação da sua orientação sexual como espécie de blindagem para garantir o respeito profissional.

Evolución de la opinión de los ciudadanos españoles sobre la salud y el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Un análisis del Barómetro del Sanitario del CIS.

El Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS) realiza desde los años 80 encuestas sobre temas de salud y sanidad, muchas de ellas de forma periódica y regular. La más destacada es el actual Barómetro Sanitario, conocida anteriormente como Barómetro Sobre el Sistema Sanitario o Encuesta Nacional de Salud. En este estudio se recogen las opiniones de los españoles relacionadas a la salud y al sistema sanitario. En un contexto de crisis económica, en el año 2012 se aprobó el Real Decreto-Ley 16/2012, que afectó a la condición de asegurado, al sistema de prestación farmacéutica, a la cartera de servicios, a la financiación y a aspectos de recursos humanos. Además, los recortes y las privatizaciones de algunos servicios de sanidad públicos estuvieron en el punto de mira de numerosas noticias y debates. En esta investigación analizaremos los Barómetros Sanitarios, para conocer la opinión que sobre estos temas tiene la sociedad española. En una primera parte haremos un análisis sincrónico de éstas encuestas, con el fin de identificar diferencias en la opinión sobre el Sistema Nacional de Salud según su situación socioeconómica, nivel de estudios, ideología política y otras variables. En una segunda parte haremos un análisis diacrónico usando las series temporales que el propio CIS ofrece para este fin. Veremos que la opinión de los ciudadanos sobre el sistema sanitario es muy homogénea y que apenas muestra grandes diferencias en los distintos estratos sociales o económicos. También comprobaremos que la opinión no cambia de forma muy relevante en el tiempo. No obstante señalaremos las series en las que sí se observa un cambio relevante en esa opinión, como por ejemplo la valoración sobre las listas de espera.

Possible inhibition of hydroxy methyl glutaryl CoA reductase activity by nicotinic acid and ergosterol: as targeting for hypocholesterolemic action.

Objective: Coronary artery diseases including atherosclerosis is considered as commonest problem worldwide. Ergosterols are the main components of vegetable oils and nuts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential hypoplipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effects of ergosterol in combination with niacin in rats fed high fat diet (HFD). Methods: Eighty male albino rats were included in this study divided into two main groups: Group I: Normal rats fed standard diet treated with either niacin (8.5 mg /kg b.w) or ergosterol (100 mg/kg b.w) or both. Group II; rats fed HFD treated with either niacin (8.5 mg /kg b.w) or ergosterol (100 mg/kg b.w) or both The feeding and treatment lasted for 8 weeks. Results: A significant elevation in the levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, VLDL-c, LDL-c and atherogenic factor (p<0.001) in rats fed on HFD compared with normal control while HDL-c was significantly reduced in HFD rats compared with control group. Supplementation of diet with niacin or ergosterol or combined exerts improvement in the studied parameters by lowering triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, LDL-c and atherogenic factor and elevate HDL-c near to the value of control. Niacin combined with ergosterol were effective in the reduction of hydroxy methyl glutaryl-CoA reducatase (HMGCoA) compared with control (p<0.001). The combined effect was more potent than individual alone. Conclusion: Utilization of niacin and ergosterol may prevent the hypercholesterolemia and incidence of coronary heart diseases. These functional foods act as nutriceutical as dyslipidemics.

25-hydroxy vitamin D and syndrome metabolic components in candidates to bariatric surgery

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in candidates to bariatric surgery (BS) and its relationship with risk factors and components of the metabolic syndrome. Material and methods: Clinical, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured in 56 Caucasian patients included in a protocol of BS between January and June 2014. Patients were stratified into three groups according to their vitamin D status: sufficiency (≥ 40 ng/ml), insufficiency (40-20 ng/ml) and deficiency (< 20 ng/ml). Results: Data showed vitamin D deficiency in 75% of patients. These patients had greater BMI (p = 0.006) and lower PTH concentrations in plasma (p = 0.045). In addition, there were more patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and dyslipidemia (DLPM) in the group with 25 (OH) D < 20 ng/ml levels. Another finding was that 25(OH) D levels were observed to be negatively correlated with fat mass (r = -0.504; p = 0.009), BMI (r = -0.394; p = 0.046) and hypertension (r = -0.637; p = 0.001). Conclusion: We conclude that vitamin D deficiency is extremely common among candidates to BS, who are associated with DM2 and DLPM. Although there are limited data regarding the best treatment for low Vitamin D status in BS candidate patients, screening for vitamin D deficiency should be regularly performed in cases of morbid obesity.

Antiadhesive activity of poly-hydroxy butyrate biopolymer from a marine Brevibacterium casei MSI04 against shrimp pathogenic vibrios

Vibrio pathogens are causative agents of mid-culture outbreaks, and early mortality syndrome and secondary aetiology of most dreadful viral outbreaks in shrimp aquaculture. Among the pathogenic vibrios group, Vibrio alginolyticus and V. harveyi are considered as the most significant ones in the grow-out ponds of giant black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon in India. Use of antibiotics was banned in many countries due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains and accumulation of residual antibiotics in harvested shrimp. There is an urgent need to consider the use of alternative antibiotics for the control of vibriosis in shrimp aquaculture. Biofilm formation is a pathogenic and/or establishment mechanism of Vibrio spp. This study aims to develop novel safe antibiofilm and/ or antiadhesive process using PHB to contain vibrios outbreaks in shrimp aquaculture.

Functional characterisation of putative Cis-Regulatory Risk Loci for breast cancer

Dissertação de Mestrado, Qualidade em Análises - Erasmus Mundus, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015