Fábulas.

Mode of access: Internet.

Discursos literarios y notas críticas.

De la lengua castellana como instrumento del arte literario.--A propósito de Moratín.--Cantos de Calixto Oyuela.--Don Alonso de Ercilla y Zúñiga.--Brasil intelectual.--Impresiones de arte.--Don Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo.--La Biblioteca nacinal de Chile.--Don Ramón de Campoamor.--Academia chilena.--Reflexiones y notas críticas.

En el pueblo dormido; novela.

Mode of access: Internet.

Jacobi Lopidis Stunicae Itinerarium ab Hispania vsq[ue] ad vrbem Romanã : in quo multa varia ac scitu dignissima cõtinent̃.

T.p. vignette is large woodcut of the author's arms.

Ensayos biográficos,

t.I El jeneral Don José Manuel Borgoño. El coronel español Don José Ordoñez. Don Ignacio Domeyko.--t.II Don Andrés Bello. Don Carlos Bello. Don Francisco Bello. Don Juan Bello.--t.III. Don Manuel Antonio Tocornal i Grez. Don José Joaquín Vallejo.--t.IV. Don Vicente Carvallo i Goyeneche. Don García Hurtado de Mendoza i Don Alonso de Ercilla i Zúñiga. Don Gabriel Cano de Aponte. Don José Rodríguez Ballesteros. Don Rodulfo Amando Philippi. Don José Antonio Torres. Don Simón Rodríguez. Don Francisco Núñez de Pineda i Bascuñán. Don Bernardo de Vera i Pintado. La necrópolis de Don José Miguel Infante.

2007 Illinois suicide prevention strategic plan.

In 2007, an alliance was formed between the Illinois Suicide Prevention Strategic Planning Committee and the Illinois Suicide Prevention Coalition, unifying the strengths of the groups to continue to advance the plan. The joint mission of this alliance is "to reduce suicide and its stigma throughout Illinois by collaboratively working with concerned stakeholders from the public and private sectors to increase awareness and education, provide opportunities to develop individual and organizational capacity in addressing suicide prevention, and advocate for access to treatment."

Anales eclesiásticos y seculares de la muy noble y muy leal ciudad de Sevilla, metrópoli de la Andalucia, que contienen sus mas principales memorias desde el año de 1246, en que emprendió conquistarla del poder de los Moros el gloriosísimo Rey S. Fernando III de Castilla y Leon, hasta el de 1671 en que la Católica Iglesia le concedió el culto y titulo de Bienaventurado /

Spine title: Anales de Sevilla.

Origen del celebre santuario de Nuestra Señora de San Juan del Obispado de Guadalaxara en la América Septentrional, y noticia cierta de los milagrosos favores ... /

Plate signed: Aquera.

The geographical, natural and civil history of Chili.

Appendix has special t.-p.: An appendix to the civil and political history of Chili, consisting of a sketch of the Araucana of Don Alonzo de Ercilla, with copious translations from that poem, by William Hayley, esq. and the Rev. H. Boyd. New York: Published by Alsop, Brannan and Alsop, City-hotel, Broadway, 1808.

Studies of maternal immunisation with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in Papua New Guinea

two studies, pneumococcal polysaccharide (Pnc PS) vaccine was given to more than 400 pregnant Papua New Guinean women. No deleterious effects were found. The vaccine prevented acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) among offspring in utero or aged 1-17 months at the time of maternal immunisation, suggesting protection through breast feeding. Serum IgG antibody titres were higher in vaccinated than unvaccinated groups for 2-4 months after delivery and no immune suppression, evaluated by the response to subsequent Pnc PS vaccination, was detected. Breast milk IgA to four serotypes was 1.1-1.8 times higher in immunised than unimmunised women for 6 months postpartum. Given results from several developing countries, large-scale safety and efficacy trials are now justified. Postpartum maternal immunisation is another intervention under consideration. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Active and passive immunization against oral Candida albicans infection in a murine model

Background/aims: Clinical and laboratory studies are consistent with a major role for cell-mediated immunity in recovery from oral infection with Candida albicans, but the role of humoral immunity remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to establish the relative contributions of cellular and humoral immunity to protection against oral candidiasis in a murine model, and to determine whether host responses could be enhanced by different immunization strategies. Results: Active oral immunization was protective in BALB/c and CBA/CaH mice, reducing both fungal burden and duration of infection after secondary challenge, whereas systemic immunization failed to protect against subsequent oral challenge. Candida-specific IgM was the predominant antibody detected in serum following both primary and secondary oral challenge; however, Candida-specific salivary IgA was not detectable. Immunization by passive transfer of either lymphocytes or immune serum did not confer any significant protection against oral infection in either susceptible or resistant mouse strain. Conclusion: The data demonstrate a possible role for mucosa-associated immunity following active immunization by the oral route, most likely exerted by local T lymphocytes resident in the oral mucosa, but there was no evidence to support a role for humoral immunity in protection against oral candidiasis.

The role of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells on antibody production by murine Peyer's patch cells following mucosal presentation of Actinomyces viscosus

The aim of this study was to determine the role of CD4 and CD8 cells on specific antibody production by murine Peyer's patch (PP) cells after oral immunization with Actinomyces viscosus in mice. Female DBA/2 mice were orally immunized with three low doses of heat-killed A. viscosus. Sham-immunized mice served as a control group. Mice were depleted of CD4 or CD8 cells by intraperitoneal injection of anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 antibodies daily for 3 days before oral immunization. One week after the last oral immunization, PPs were removed and cell suspensions were cultured with A. viscosus. Specific antibody production in the culture supernatants was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that oral immunization with A. viscosus induced a predominant specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) response by PP cells and, to a lesser extent, IgM antibodies. Depletion of CD4 but not CD8 cells suppressed the production of specific antibodies. These results suggest that oral immunization with low doses of A. viscosus may induce the production of specific antibodies by murine PP cells in a CD4-cell-dependent fashion.

Reactive oxygen species induce antigenic changes in DNA

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are released at sites of inflammation during the respiratory burst which accompanies the phagocytic process. Using an in vitro system to simulate this process we have shown that ROS induce antigenic changes in DNA. More specifically, results of experiments using ROS scavengers have shown that hydroxyl radicals produced in close proximity to DNA-bound metal ions play a predominant role. ROS-mediated attack resulted in increased binding of anti-DNA antibodies to the denatured DNA. These changes were detected using IgG, IgA and IgM isotype binding to antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus sera. Of these the IgA isotype was most discriminating in its detection of hydroxyl radical-induced damage.

Oxygen free radicals denature human IgG and increase its reactivity with rheumatoid factor antibody

Rheumatoid inflammation is characterised by the production of rheumatoid factor antibodies directed against denatured IgG. Oxygen free radicals have the potential to denature all manner of proteins and can be generated by activated phagocytic cells in the inflamed joint. By modifying routine ELISA and nephelometric procedures for measuring rheumatoid factor, (i.e. substituting free radical altered IgG for rabbit and heat aggregated IgG as antigens) we have observed that oxygen radicals, generated by (1) UV light and (2) PMA-activated neutrophils, give rise to monomeric and polymeric forms of IgG which have increased reactivity towards IgM and IgA polyclonal rheumatoid factor antibodies. We conclude that free radical alteration of IgG may be a stimulus to the formation of immune complexes with rheumatoid factor antibody, thereby promoting and amplifying tissue damage during rheumatoid inflammation.

Effect of polymorph derived oxidants on IgG in relation to rheumatoid factor binding

Immunoglobulin G from rheumatoid patients is denatured around the hinge region. This has been proposed as an explanation for the presence of circulating autoantibodies to IgG in these patients. It has previously been suggested that oxygen radicals (OR) derived from activated polymorphs may play a role in denaturation in vivo. Using sera from rheumatoid patients and age-matched controls in a modified ELISA technique, we have investigated the potential for polyclonal rheumatoid factors (RF) to bind to OR denatured IgG. Three model systems were used to generate OR in vitro: (a) purified PMN s activated by the cell surface stimulant PMA, (b) radiolysis of IgG in solution to generate specifically the superoxide radical and, in a separate system, the hydroxyl radical, (OH.), (c) purified myeloperoxide in the presence of H2O2 and halide ions. Results: 1. The binding of both IgA and IgM RF s to PMN denatured IgG increased dose dependently for seropositive sera only. 2. The OH. radical but not the superoxide radical significantly increased the binding of IgA and M RF, again only for seropositive sera. 3. The myeloperoxidase enzyme system did not increase RF binding. 4. IgG incubated with elastase was not found to be a better antigen than native IgG. These results indicate that IgG is denatured by OR released from activated PMN, thereby producing an antigen for polyclonal RF s.