967 resultados para Geographic information |Morphometric analysis
Resumo:
The Rathbun Land and Water Alliance and partners have undertaken a highly effective approach to water quality protection through the Rathbun Lake Special Project. This approach is achieving a significant reduction in the sediment and phosphorus that impair water quality in Rathbun Lake and its tributaries as a result of the targeted application of best management practices (BMPs) for priority land in the watershed. This project application proposes to assist landowners to apply BMPs that will reduce sediment and phosphorus delivery from priority land in three targeted sub-watersheds as part of the Rathbun Lake Special Project. Features of this project are: (1) use of geographic information system (GIS) analysis to identify priority land that requires BMPs; (2) assistance for landowners to apply BMPs for 1,200 acres that will reduce the annual delivery of sediment by 1,800 tons and phosphorus by 6,000 pounds; (3) evaluation of the benefits from BMP application using GIS analysis and water quality monitoring; and (4) watershed outreach activities that encourage landowners to apply BMPs for priority land to protect water quality.
Resumo:
The Rathbun Land and Water Alliance and partners have undertaken a highly effective approach to water quality protection through the Rathbun Lake Special Project. This approach is achieving a significant reduction in the sediment and phosphorus that impair water quality in Rathbun Lake and its tributaries as a result of the targeted application of best management practices (BMPs) for priority land in the watershed. This project application proposes to assist landowners to apply BMPs that will reduce sediment and phosphorus delivery from priority land in three targeted sub-watersheds as part of the Rathbun Lake Special Project. Features of this project are:(1) use of geographic information system (GIS) analysis to identify priority land that requires BMPs;(2) assistance for landowners to apply BMPs for 1,200 acres that will reduce the annual delivery of sediment by 1,800 tons and phosphorus by 6,000 pounds;(3) evaluation of the benefits from BMP application using GIS analysis and water quality monitoring; and (4) watershed outreach activities that encourage landowners to apply BMPs for priority land to protect water quality.
Resumo:
This work introduces a tessellation-based model for the declivity analysis of geographic regions. The analysis of the relief declivity, which is embedded in the rules of the model, categorizes each tessellation cell, with respect to the whole considered region, according to the (positive, negative, null) sign of the declivity of the cell. Such information is represented in the states assumed by the cells of the model. The overall configuration of such cells allows the division of the region into subregions of cells belonging to a same category, that is, presenting the same declivity sign. In order to control the errors coming from the discretization of the region into tessellation cells, or resulting from numerical computations, interval techniques are used. The implementation of the model is naturally parallel since the analysis is performed on the basis of local rules. An immediate application is in geophysics, where an adequate subdivision of geographic areas into segments presenting similar topographic characteristics is often convenient.
Resumo:
This study reviews the spatial configuration from the road network of an urban compound formed by the cities of Crato, Juazeiro do Norte and Barbalha (the Crajubar - core of the Cariri metropolitan region, in the State of Cear, Brazil), in order to establish nexus (or relations) between different levels of accessibility and the formation/ transformation and specialization of centralities in local and metropolitan scales. Stemming from the Social Logic of Space theoretical and operational apparatus, the study explores modeling possibilities (with axial lines, segments and lines of continuity) which is then confronted to empirical observations concerning movement flows and land use, within a Geographic Information System database. At different scales of analysis, the results suggest evidences of continuity were found in the permanence of intra-urban centres and sub-centres within each town, whereas evidences of change pointed out to the formation of a new centrality of metropolitan magnitude in the neighbourhood referred to as the Tringulo, in the municipality of Juazeiro, where high levels of topological accessibility coincides with the appearance of new business buildings as well as with the emergence of urban equipment of a scale more adequate to meet a regional demand
Resumo:
In order to add value to soybens crops, and hence the marketing, medium and large producers have been using precision agriculture techniques (PA), as the Remote Sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and positioning satellite, to assist the management of crops. Thus, given the economic relevance of that culture to the southwest of Paran State and Brazil, scientific studies to increase their productivity and profitability are of main importance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the chemical soil properties and soybean yield for each estimated parameter of semivariogram (range, nugget and level effect), and the deployment of these correlations in direct and indirect effects, aiming to improve the mapping process of spatial variability of soil chemical properties for use in PA. The hypothesis is that not all attributes of soil used to estimate the semivariogram parameters has a direct effect on productivity, and that even in groups of plants within a larger area it is possible to estimate the parameters of the semivariograms. The experiment was conducted in a commercial area of 19.7 ha, located in the city of Pato Branco - PR, central geographic coordinates 26 11 '35 "South, 52 43' 05" West longitude, and average altitude of 780 m. The area is planted with soybeans for over 30 years, currently being adopted to cultivate Brasmax Target RR - Don Mario 5.9i, with row spacing of 0.50 m and 13 plants m-1, totaling 260,000 plants ha-1. For georeferencing of the area of study and sampling points was used a couple of topographic ProMarkTM3 receptors, making a relative positioning to obtain the georeferenced coordinates. To collect data (chemical analyzes of soil and crop yield) were sampled 10 blocks in the experimental area, each with an area of 20 m2 (20 meters long x 1 meter wide) containing two spaced adjacent rows of 0.5 m. Each block was divided into 20 portions of 1 m2, and from each were collected four subsamples at a distance of 0.5 m in relation to the lines of blocks, making up a sample depth for 0-10 cm a sample to 10-20 cm for each plot, totaling 200 samples for each depth. The soybean crop was performed on the blocks depending on maturity, and in each block was considered a bundle at each meter. In the data analysis, it was performed a diagnosis of multicollinearity, and subsequently a path analysis of the main variables according to the explanatory variables (range of chemical attributes: pH, K, P, Ca, etc.). The results obtained by the path analysis of the parameters of the semivariogram of soil chemical properties, indicated that only the Fe, Mg, Mn, organic matter (OM), P and Saturation by bases (SB) exerted direct and indirect effects on soybean productivity, although they have not presented spatial variability, indicating that the distribution of blocks in the area was unable to identify the spatial dependence of these elements, making it impossible to draw up maps of the chemical attributes for use in PA.
Resumo:
This study was developed in objecting to investigate the use and occupation of land in 1999, 2005, 2011 e 2015 and estimate soil degradation by laminar erosion and the relation with water quality in 2015 in the catchment basin of the Barro Preto river, Coronel Vivida PR. For multitemporal analysis of use and occupation of land in the basin used in the Landsat 5, 7 and 8 images and Geographic Information System. The laminar erosion was estimated by the Universal Soil Loss Equation through the systematization of calculations of the factors that compose the equation in SPRING/INPE. The water quality of the studied river section was evaluated according to the Water Quality Idex and the Resolution CONAMA n. 357/2005. The multitemporal analysis of the use and occupation of land has demonstrated that basin is predominantly agricultural in all years studied, as well as the permanent preservation area presents it not regularized during the period in accordance with the Brazilian Forest Code in force. In relation the quantification of laminar soil erosion in the study period, the rainfall and runoff factor was estimated considering the rainfall data from 1986 to 2014 and resulted in a value of 11.573,47 MJ/ha.mm/a. The Dystrophic Red Latosol, Dystrophic Red Nitisol, Fluvisol and Leptosol soil erodibility factor were 0,0138, 0,0137, 0,0207, 0,0196 t.ha.h/ha.MJ.mm/a, respectively. The topographical factor has demonstrated that the catchment basin has the rough terrain because the moderate and moderate strong classes are dominant in the study area. The cover and management and support practice factors were estimated according to the multitemporal analysis of the use and occupation of land in the basin and the values ranged from 0,0006 to 0,0688. The soil losses by laminar erosion were simulated with agriculture areas with corn and soybeans in no-till. The soil losses with maize crop in no-till in 1999, 2005, 2011 and 2015 were 9.782,75, 10.592,71, 9.636,61 e 11.058,26 t/year, respectively, and soybeans crops in no-till were 15.140,01, 16.645,20, 14.662,14 e 17.049,85 t/year, respectively. In relation with water quality of the section studied river, the average of Water Quality Index during the season were 55,47, 53,09 and 49,72, for the first, second and third sample point, respectively. Indication a decrease in water quality since the source to the last sample point. It is concluded that the use and occupation of land in the catchment basin interferes in the water quality, as well as in soil degradation.
Resumo:
Planners require solutions that address routine work needs and seems essential to improving efficiency and productivity. There are a great number of different factors related to beekeeper activity as well the quality and productivity of different bee products. The spatial analysis is a powerful tool for overlap and relates various levels of information on a map, and consequently a very useful for beekeeping activity planning. This work proposes and applies a methodology to potential beekeeping assessment in Montesinho Natural Park, a region in the northwest of Portugal. The beekeeping potential maps were developed with the following data sources: legal standards, vegetation, land use, topography, water resources, roads, electromagnetic fields, and some honey physico-chemical analysis. The design and implementation of spatial analysis model based on Geographic Information System (GIS) to beekeeping planning activities has already been described by Anjos et al (2014). Spatial analysis techniques allows to define the potential beekeeper map supporting the beekeeper management in this region. Anjos O, Silva G, Roque N, Fernandez P, 2014. GIS based analysis to support the beekeeping planning. Book of abstracts of the International Symposium on Bee Products 3rd edition Annual meeting of the International Honey Commission (IHC), Faculty of medicine, University of Rijeka, p:61
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Esta dissertao apresenta uma arquitectura interopervel que permite lidar com a obteno, manipulao, processamento e anlise de informao geogrfica. A aplicao 30, implementada como parte da arquitectura, para alm de permitir a visualizao e manipulao de dados dentro de um ambiente 30, oferece mtodos que permitem descobrir, aceder e usar geo-processos, disponveis atravs de servios Web. A interaco com o utilizador tambm feita atravs uma abordagem que quebra a tpica complexidade que a maioria dos Sistemas de Informao Geogrfica apresenta. O recurso programao visual reduz a complexidade do sistema, e permite aos operadores tirar proveito da localizao e de uma abstraco de um processo complexo, onde as unidades de processamento so representadas no terreno atravs de componentes 30 que podem ser directamente manipuladas e ligadas de modo a criar encandeamentos complexos de processos. Estes processos podem tambm ser criados visualmente e disponibilizados online. ABSTRACT; This thesis presents an interoperable architecture mainly designed for manipulation, processing and geographical information analysis. The three-dimensional interface, implemented as part of the architecture, besides allowing the visualization and manipulation of spatial data within a 30 environment, offers methods for discovering, accessing and using geo-processes, available through Web Services. Furthermore, the user interaction is done through an approach that breaks the typical complexity of most Geographic information Systems. This simplicity is in general archived through a visual programming approach that allows operators to take advantage of location, and use processes through abstract representations. Thus, processing units are represented on the terrain through 30 components, which can be directly manipulated and linked to create complex process chains. New processes can also be visually created and deployed online.
Resumo:
Human activities are altering greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere and causing global climate change. The issue of impacts of human-induced climate change has become increasingly important in recent years. The objective of this work was to develop a database of climate information of the future scenarios using a Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. Future scenarios focused on the decades of the 2020?s, 2050?s, and 2080?s (scenarios A2 and B2) were obtained from the General Circulation Models (GCM) available on Data Distribution Centre from the Third Assessment Report (TAR) of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The TAR is compounded by six GCM with different spatial resolutions (ECHAM4:2.81252.8125, HadCM3: 3.752.5, CGCM2: 3.753.75, CSIROMk2b: 5.6253.214, and CCSR/NIES: 5.6255.625). The mean monthly of the climate variables was obtained by the average from the available models using the GIS spatial analysis tools (arithmetic operation). Maps of mean monthly variables of mean temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and solar radiation were elaborated adopting the spatial resolution of 0.5 X 0.5 latitude and longitude. The method of elaborating maps using GIS tools allowed to evaluate the spatial and distribution of future climate assessments. Nowadays, this database is being used in studies of impacts of climate change on plant disease of Embrapa projects.
Resumo:
O presente relatrio, inserido no Mestrado em Gesto do Territrio, rea de Especializao em Deteo Remota e Sistemas de Informao Geogrfica, lecionado pelo Departamento de Geografia e Planeamento Regional da Faculdade de Cincias Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, pretende descrever o trabalho desenvolvido pelo mestrando enquanto estagirio no Observatrio do Trfico de Seres Humanos (OTSH). O relatrio est estruturado em trs captulos distintos. No primeiro captulo realizada uma abordagem terica sobre o Trfico de Seres Humanos e a distino entre o mesmo com o Auxlio Imigrao Ilegal. Neste, tambm feita uma pequena referncia problemtica dos novos fluxos de refugiados/migrantes que, no momento da realizao do mesmo, constituem uma questo bastante complexa sobretudo ao nvel europeu. No segundo captulo realizada uma caracterizao da rea de estudo, assim como a descrio dos dados utilizados e a metodologia aplicada no mesmo. No terceiro captulo so apresentados os resultados finais do estudo e a cartografia de sntese que sustenta os mesmos. Para a realizao deste estudo recorreu-se a uma anlise multicritrio em SIG para prever a localizao de reas de maior suscetibilidade de ocorrncia de novos casos relativos ao crime do trfico de seres humanos para explorao laboral na agricultura, na regio do Alentejo (distritos de Beja, vora e Portalegre), atravs do recurso a dados estatsticos disponibilizados tanto pelo OTSH, como por outras entidades. A metodologia apresentada integra um SIG baseado num modelo raster com o Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Atravs da realizao deste estudo, a importncia dos SIG como ferramenta no auxlio ao processo de tomada de deciso, pde ser testada, conjuntamente com o processo metodolgico AHP, atravs dos resultados apresentados. Com um possvel desenvolvimento deste modelo analtico, pretende-se que o mesmo seja adaptvel a outras regies e em ltima instncia, outros tipos de explorao e/ou trfico.
Resumo:
No mbito das obrigaes que o Estado Portugus tem em garantir a segurana dos seus cidados, efetuada, em pases ou regies onde h comunidades nacionais, uma avaliao quanto ao risco de vida para os cidados nacionais que a residam ou a se encontrem, entendendo-se, luz do direito internacional consuetudinrio, que legtima a eventual execuo de interveno militar de extrao de nacionais no combatentes dessas zonas de risco. Este trabalho pretende contribuir para uma reflexo sobre o apoio geoespacial a uma operao de extrao de cidados nacionais no combatentes, que se denomina NEO (non-combatant evacuation operation). Dada a importncia do conhecimento holstico do ambiente operacional para os comandantes militares, os Sistemas de Informao Geogrfica desempenham um papel fundamental em termos da anlise, contextualizao e visualizao da informao geoespacial, sendo um precioso sistema de apoio deciso. A tomada de deciso efetuada com os contributos de vrias reas de conhecimento, sendo fundamental que o planeamento seja efetuado com base na mesma informao geoespacial, evitando a existncia de uma multitude de dados geoespaciais nem sempre coerentes, atualizados e acessveis a todos os que deles necessitam, pretendendo-se com este trabalho fornecer um contributo para resolver este problema. Aborda-se tambm a escassez dos dados geogrficos nas zonas em que este tipo de operaes se poder desenrolar, a pertinncia e a adequabilidade de utilizao de dados espaciais abertos, os modelos de dados, bem como a forma como a informao pode ser disponibilizada.
Resumo:
Este relatrio de estgio representa o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia, com recurso a Tecnologias de Informao Geogrfica, que permite a identificao de zonas que condicionam os processos de planeamento, projecto e manuteno das estruturas que compem a Rede de Distribuio de Energia Elctrica. Centra-se assim nas Tecnologias de Informao Geogrfica enquanto instrumentos que permitem realizar estudos de carcter territorial com relevncia para o sector energtico. So trabalhadas a identificao e delimitao de zonas de gelo, zonas de poluio industrial e zonas de salinidade em Portugal Continental. A delimitao destas zonas foi realizada com recurso a ferramentas de anlise espacial, utilizando dados fidedignos provenientes de Instituies da Administrao Pblica. So documentadas tambm tarefas extraordinrias propostas pela EDP Distribuio - Energia, S.A. Desta forma possvel compreender as vantagens e desvantagens da utilizao destas tecnologias por parte da EDP Distribuio, de forma a melhorar a gesto dos recursos disponveis, para ajudar a manter a qualidade do servio prestado. Ficou no entanto a recomendao de uma maior aposta nestas tecnologias.
Resumo:
The study of Quality of Life (Qol) has been conducted on various scales throughout the years with focus on assessing overall quality of living amongst citizens. The main focus in these studies have been on economic factors, with the purpose of creating a Quality of Life Index (QLI).When it comes down to narrowing the focus to the environment and factors like Urban Green Spaces (UGS) and air quality the topic gets more focused on pointing out how each alternative meets this certain criteria. With the benefits of UGS and a healthy environment in focus a new Environmental Quality of Life Index (EQLI) will be proposed by incorporating Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Working with MCA on complex environmental problems and incorporating it with GIS is a challenging but rewarding task, and has proven to be an efficient approach among environmental scientists. Background information on three MCA methods will be shown: Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Regime Analysis and PROMETHEE. A survey based on a previous study conducted on the status of UGS within European cities was sent to 18 municipalities in the study area. The survey consists of evaluating the current status of UGS as well as planning and management of UGS with in municipalities for the purpose of getting criteria material for the selected MCA method. The current situation of UGS is assessed with use of GIS software and change detection is done on a 10 year period using NDVI index for comparison purposes to one of the criteria in the MCA. To add to the criteria, interpolation of nitrogen dioxide levels was performed with ordinary kriging and the results transformed into indicator values. The final outcome is an EQLI map with indicators of environmentally attractive municipalities with ranking based on predefinedMCA criteria using PROMETHEE I pairwise comparison and PROMETHEE II complete ranking of alternatives. The proposed methodology is applied to Lisbons Metropolitan Area, Portugal.
Resumo:
This study reviews the spatial configuration from the road network of an urban compound formed by the cities of Crato, Juazeiro do Norte and Barbalha (the Crajubar - core of the Cariri metropolitan region, in the State of Cear, Brazil), in order to establish nexus (or relations) between different levels of accessibility and the formation/ transformation and specialization of centralities in local and metropolitan scales. Stemming from the Social Logic of Space theoretical and operational apparatus, the study explores modeling possibilities (with axial lines, segments and lines of continuity) which is then confronted to empirical observations concerning movement flows and land use, within a Geographic Information System database. At different scales of analysis, the results suggest evidences of continuity were found in the permanence of intra-urban centres and sub-centres within each town, whereas evidences of change pointed out to the formation of a new centrality of metropolitan magnitude in the neighbourhood referred to as the Tringulo, in the municipality of Juazeiro, where high levels of topological accessibility coincides with the appearance of new business buildings as well as with the emergence of urban equipment of a scale more adequate to meet a regional demand
Resumo:
Tese (doutorado)Universidade de Braslia, Instituto de Cincias Biolgicas, Programa de Ps-Graduao em Ecologia, 2015.
