Inventário estadual de emissão de gases de efeito estufa no setor agropecuário.

2009

Spectral self-action of THz emission from ionizing two-color laser pulses in gases

The spectrum of terahertz (THz) emission in gases via ionizing two-color femtosecond pulses is analyzed by means of a semi-analytic model and numerical simulations in 1D, 2D and 3D geometries taking into account propagation effects of both pump and THz fields. We show that produced THz signals interact with free electron trajectories and thus significantly influence further THz generation upon propagation, i.e., make the process inherently nonlocal. This self-action contributes to the observed strong spectral broadening of the generated THz field. We show that diffraction of the generated THz radiation is the limiting factor for the co-propagating low frequency amplitudes and thus for the self-action mechanism in 2D and 3D geometries.

Short Term Outcome of Neonates Born With Abnormal Umbilical Cord Arterial Blood Gases

Background: Umbilical arterial blood gas (UABG) analysis is more objective than other methods for predicting neonatal outcome. Acidemic neonates may be at risk for unfavorable outcome after birth, but all neonates with abnormal arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis do not always have poor outcome. Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the short term outcome of the neonates born with an abnormal ABG. Patients and Methods: In a cohort prospective study 120 high risk mother-neonate pairs were enrolled and UABG was taken immediately after birth. All neonates with an umbilical cord pH less than 7.2 were considered as case group and more than 7.2 as controls. Outcomes like need to resuscitation, admission to newborn services and/or NICU), seizure occurrence, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), delayed initiation of oral feeding and length of hospital stay were recorded and compared between the two groups. P value less than 0.05 was considered as being significant. Results: Comparison of short term outcomes between normal and abnormal ABG groups were as the fallowing: need for advanced resuscitation 4 vs. 0 (P = 0.001), NICU admission 16 vs. 4 (P = 0.001), convulsion 2 vs. 0 (P = 0.496), HIE 17 vs. 4 (P = 0.002), delay to start oral feeding 16 vs. 4 (P = 0.001), mean hospital stay 4 vs. 3 days (P = 0.001). None of the neonates died in study groups. Conclusions: An umbilical cord PH less than 7.2 immediately after birth can be used as a prognostic factor for unfavorable short term outcome in newborns.

Emissões de gases de efeito estufa em área de produção de arroz em função do manejo do solo e da cobertura vegetal.

2015

PARAMETRIC STUDY OF REAXFF SIMULATION PARAMETERS FOR MOLECULAR DYNAMICS MODELING OF REACTIVE CARBON GASES

Abstract The development of innovative carbon-based materials can be greatly facilitated by molecular modeling techniques. Although the Reax Force Field (ReaxFF) can be used to simulate the chemical behavior of carbon-based systems, the simulation settings required for accurate predictions have not been fully explored. Using the ReaxFF, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to simulate the chemical behavior of pure carbon and hydrocarbon reactive gases that are involved in the formation of carbon structures such as graphite, buckyballs, amorphous carbon, and carbon nanotubes. It is determined that the maximum simulation time step that can be used in MD simulations with the ReaxFF is dependent on the simulated temperature and selected parameter set, as are the predicted reaction rates. It is also determined that different carbon-based reactive gases react at different rates, and that the predicted equilibrium structures are generally the same for the different ReaxFF parameter sets, except in the case of the predicted formation of large graphitic structures with the Chenoweth parameter set under specific conditions.

Composting of different agro-food wastes: Effects of the phenolic and lignocellulosic fractions on greenhouse gases emissions

Currently, society faces a number of challenges related to the large amounts of organic wastes generated and accumulated by the increasing expansion of agroindustrial activities1. Most of these wastes are rich in lignocellulosic compounds, which represents a major fraction of all plant biomass (of above 90%), so, its degradation is crucial for global carbon cycle2. These organic wastes may be introduced directly on agriculture sector as soil organic amendment, however, these might contain phytochemicals, such as phenolic compounds which may introduce toxic effects to soil and to beneficial organisms. Transformation and degradation of these renewable organic wastes into composts (COMPOSTING) is a possible solution for these problems and an environmentally friendly processes that allows make use of natural resources efficiently3. The main potential handicap is generation and emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane (CH4 ) and nitrous oxide (N2O) and another ones which may led serious problems like nitric oxide (NO) and ammonia (NH3) 4. For this reason, quantification of GHG emissions from composting and finding possible relations with the chemical and structural composition of the wastes used is crucial to the development of technologies for mitigating emissions and should help to make decisions concerning waste management.

Victor Regnault e os gases: medidas de alta precisão e agnosticismo teórico

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma síntese histórica dos estudos de propriedades estáticas de gases reais feitas pelo experimentalista francês Regnault e estabelecer a sua relação com a recepção francesa da teoria cinética dos gases durante a segunda metade do século XIX, notando a sua relevância epistemológica. Com este caso histórico ilustra-se a complexa relação entre a teoria e a experimentação.

Emissões de gases de efeito estufa, resultantes da queima pré-colheita de cana-de-açúcar var.SP83-2847.

2008

Emissões de gases de efeito estufa, resultantes da queima pré-colheita de cana-de-açúcar var. SP83-2847.

2008

Greenhouse gases of animal agriculture in Brazil: urrent status and perspectives.

2007

Determinação do índice de dispersibilidade de proteína (IDP) e do índice de solubilidade do nitrogênio (ISN) dos grãos de soja colhidos na safra 2014/2015.

2016

Neutralização dos gases de efeito estufa (GEE) gerados pela XVII Reunião Brasileira de Manejo e Conservação do Solo e da Água.

Ações voluntárias de neutralização das emissões de GEE por atividades antrópicas devem ser incentivadas. Dentro desse contexto, membros da comissão organizadora da XVII RBMCSA apresentam proposta de revegetação como estratégia de sequestro do C emitido pelo evento. Usando o valor de 48,1 Mg de CO2eq. emitidos e a taxa de acumulação média de C na biomassa de tronco de 4 Mg ha-1 ano-1 estimou-se que serão necessários 4 anos para neutralização do C emitido, para um plantio em área de 5.000 m2. As ONGs Espaço Compartilharte e a RIOESBA são parceiras nesse projeto que propõem doar e distribuir as mudas no município de Teresópolis (região Serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro), para produtores rurais e escolas, promovendo, com isso, o incentivo ao reflorestamento e conservação de Áreas de Preservação Permanente e atividades agroflorestais. Desta forma, espera concretizar a neutralização dos GEE da XVII Reunião Brasileira e Manejo e Conservação do Solo e da Água.

Inventário dos gases de efeito estufa (GEE) oriundos da XVII Reunião Brasileira de Manejo e Conservação do Solo e da Água (RBMCSA).

Os GEE produzidos pelas atividades humanas podem ser neutralizados com o plantio de árvores, que transformam CO2 em biomassa. O presente trabalho objetivou contabilizar todos os GEE originados da organização e produção da XVII Reunião Brasileira de Manejo e Conservação do Solo e da Água, incluindo transportes e consumo de energia elétrica. A Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre a Mudança do Clima (CQNUMC) é o principal órgão fornecedor de metodologias para mitigação das mudanças climáticas. Com base nestas e em dados fornecidos pelo Hotel Glória, pela Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) e Comissão Organizadora da XVI RBMCSA foi possível estimar as emissões de gases de efeito estufa da XVII RBMCSA. Foi estimado que 48,2 Mg de CO2 equivalentes (CO2eq) serão emitidas entre o período de junho de 2007 e agosto de 2008 devido à elaboração e produção do evento.

Dinâmica da emissão de gases de efeito estufa e dos estoques de carbono em florestas brasileiras naturais e plantadas.

2016

MAGGnet: an international network to foster mitigation of agricultural greenhouse gases.

Research networks provide a framework for review, synthesis and systematic testing of theories by multiple scientists across international borders critical for addressing global-scale issues. In 2012, a GHG research network referred to as MAGGnet (Managing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases Network) was established within the Croplands Research Group of the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases (GRA). With involvement from 46 alliance member countries, MAGGnet seeks to provide a platform for the inventory and analysis of agricultural GHG mitigation research throughout the world. To date, metadata from 315 experimental studies in 20 countries have been compiled using a standardized spreadsheet. Most studies were completed (74%) and conducted within a 1-3-year duration (68%). Soil carbon and nitrous oxide emissions were measured in over 80% of the studies. Among plant variables, grain yield was assessed across studies most frequently (56%), followed by stover (35%) and root (9%) biomass. MAGGnet has contributed to modeling efforts and has spurred other research groups in the GRA to collect experimental site metadata using an adapted spreadsheet. With continued growth and investment, MAGGnet will leverage limited-resource investments by any one country to produce an inclusive, globally shared meta-database focused on the science of GHG mitigation.