Cryo-EM structure of aerolysin variants reveals a novel protein fold and the pore-formation process

Owing to their pathogenical role and unique ability to exist both as soluble proteins and transmembrane complexes, pore-forming toxins (PFTs) have been a focus of microbiologists and structural biologists for decades. PFTs are generally secreted as water-soluble monomers and subsequently bind the membrane of target cells. Then, they assemble into circular oligomers, which undergo conformational changes that allow membrane insertion leading to pore formation and potentially cell death. Aerolysin, produced by the human pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila, is the founding member of a major PFT family found throughout all kingdoms of life. We report cryo-electron microscopy structures of three conformational intermediates and of the final aerolysin pore, jointly providing insight into the conformational changes that allow pore formation. Moreover, the structures reveal a protein fold consisting of two concentric β-barrels, tightly kept together by hydrophobic interactions. This fold suggests a basis for the prion-like ultrastability of aerolysin pore and its stoichiometry.

The art of cutting, casting, and preparing of letter for printing.

Mode of access: Internet.

British manufactures.

[Vols. 4-6] are called "Series IV-VI."

A brief history of the Poultry Science Association and its journal, 1908-1958

"Published in commemoration of its founding at Cornell University, July 1908."

Using type correctly.

Mode of access: Internet.

Specimens, book types, J.S. Cushing & Company /

Title on cover: Specimens of book types, J.S. Cushing & Co., Boston.

Comptes rendus des séances /

List of members in vols. for 1857-64; the list in the vol. for 1857 covers period from founding of the academy.

Handbuch der Eisenhüttengewerbskunde.

Mode of access: Internet.

Handbuch der Eisenhüttengewerbskunde : oder systematische Darstellung der Roheisen- , der Stabeisen- und der Stahlfabrikation auf ihrem jetzigen Standpunkte ... /

Page 616 incorrectly labeled 316.

Handbuch der Eisenhüttenkunde /

Includes index.

Type for books and advertising

"Books for the type man": p. 150-153.

The Banta book of type faces, presenting model pages from work produced at the Collegiate press and specimens of available types, borders, and ornaments.

Mode of access: Internet.

Two centuries of typefounding; annals of the letter foundry established by William Caslon in Chiswell street, London, in the year 1720.

"The text has been written by John Findlay McRae, mainly from authentic documents supplied by H. W. Caslon & co. ltd., A.D.1920."

The foundry trade journal.

Published in London, <1921->; by DMG World Media,

Printing--types & typography.

Cover title.