Severe traumatic brain injury in Switzerland - feasibility and first results of a cohort study.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to study the incidence and outcome of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Switzerland and to test the feasibility of a large cohort study with case identification in the first 24 hours and 6-month follow-up. METHODS: From January to June 2005, we consecutively enrolled and followed up all persons with severe TBI (Abbreviated Injury Score of the head region >3 and Glasgow Coma Scale <9) in the catchment areas of 3 Swiss medical centres with neurosurgical facilities. The primary outcome was the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) after 6 months. Secondary outcomes included survival, Functional Independence Mea - sure (FIM), and health-related quality of life (SF-12) at defined time-points up to 6 months after injury. RESULTS: We recruited 101 participants from a source population of about 2.47 million (ie, about 33% of Swiss population). The incidence of severe TBI was 8.2 per 100,000 person-years. The overall case fatality was 70%: 41 of 101 persons (41%) died at the scene of the accident. 23 of 60 hospitalised participants (38%) died within 48 hours, and 31 (53%) within 6 months. In all hospitalised patients, the median GOSE was 1 (range 1-8) after 6 months, and was 6 (2-8) in 6-month survivors. The median total FIM score was 125 (range 18-126); median-SF-12 component mea - sures were 44 (25-55) for the physical scale and 52 (32-65) for the mental scale. CONCLUSIONS: Severe TBI was associated with high case fatality and considerable morbidity in survivors. We demonstrated the feasibility of a multicentre cohort study in Switzerland with the aim of identifying modifiable determinants of outcome and improving current trauma care.

Estudi sobre l'aplicació en l'àmbit judicial de les mesures de protecció integral contra la violència de gènere aprovades pel legislador l'any 2004

Amb el següent estudi volem conèixer l’impacte penal que ha tingut l’aprovació de la LO 1/2004, de 28 de desembre, de mesures de protecció integral contra la violència de gènere, en matèria de maltractament ocasional en l’àmbit de la parella (art. 153 CP). Presentem el treball empíric que hem dut a terme, el qual consisteix en una anàlisi quantitativa de les sentències dictades pels jutges de Barcelona pel delicte de maltractament ocasional quan es produeix en la parella i de les executòries corresponents a cadascuna de les sentències, per tal de conèixer, a més de les penes imposades en sentències, les penes que efectivament s’executen per la comissió d’aquest delicte. Hem constatat que una gran part de la violència domèstica fa referència al maltractament ocasional de l’home contra la dona parella o ex parella. És un delicte que sí es castiga, ja que els jutges dicten en la majoria dels casos sentències condemnatòries i opten per la imposició en sentència de la pena privativa de llibertat. A més, com des de l’aprovació de LO 1/2004 és obligatori, la pena imposada va acompanyada de penes accessòries, particularment de la prohibició de aproximació i de comunicació. Generalment, en execució, la pena de presó es suspèn amb regles de conducta, sobre tot amb l’obligació de realitzar programes formatius o de tractament. Així doncs, la comissió d’un delicte de maltractament ocasional en l’àmbit de la parella té conseqüències penals importats, a més de les conseqüències que pugui tenir en altres àmbits.

Lévy area for Gaussian processes: A double Wiener--Itô integral approach

"Vegeu el resum a l'inici del document del fitxer adjunt."

Pretreatment and outcome correlates of past sexual and physical trauma in 118 bipolar I disorder patients with a first episode of psychotic mania.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence and correlates of childhood and adolescent sexual and/or physical abuse (SPA) in bipolar I disorder (BDI) patients treated for a first episode of psychotic mania. METHODS: The Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre admitted 786 first-episode psychosis patients between 1998 and 2000. Data were collected from patients' files using a standardized questionnaire. A total of 704 files were available; 43 were excluded because of a nonpsychotic diagnosis at endpoint and 3 due to missing data regarding past stressful events. Among 658 patients with available data, 118 received a final diagnosis of BDI and were entered in this study. RESULTS: A total of 80% of patients had been exposed to stressful life events during childhood and adolescence and 24.9% to SPA; in particular, 29.8% of female patients had been exposed to sexual abuse. Patients who were exposed to SPA had poorer premorbid functioning, higher rates of forensic history, were less likely to live with family during treatment period, and were more likely to disengage from treatment. CONCLUSIONS: SPA is highly prevalent in BDI patients presenting with a first episode of psychotic mania; exposed patients have lower premorbid functional levels and poorer engagement with treatment. The context in which such traumas occur must be explored in order to determine whether early intervention strategies may contribute to diminish their prevalence. Specific psychological interventions must also be developed.

Respiratory symptoms in preterm infants: burden of disease in the first year of life.

OBJECTIVE: While respiratory symptoms in the first year of life are relatively well described for term infants, data for preterm infants are scarce. We aimed to describe the burden of respiratory disease in a group of preterm infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and to assess the association of respiratory symptoms with perinatal, genetic and environmental risk factors. METHODS: Single centre birth cohort study: prospective recording of perinatal risk factors and retrospective assessment of respiratory symptoms during the first year of life by standardised questionnaires. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cough and wheeze (common symptoms), re-hospitalisation and need for inhalation therapy (severe outcomes). PATIENTS: 126 preterms (median gestational age 28.7 weeks; 78 with, 48 without BPD) hospitalised at the University Children's Hospital of Bern, Switzerland 1999-2006. RESULTS: Cough occurred in 80%, wheeze in 44%, re-hospitalisation in 25% and long term inhalation therapy in wheezers in 13% of the preterm infants. Using logistic regression, the main risk factor for common symptoms was frequent contact with other children. Severe outcomes were associated with maximal peak inspiratory pressure, arterial cord blood pH, APGAR- and CRIB-Score. CONCLUSIONS: Cough in preterm infants is as common as in term infants, whereas wheeze, inhalation therapy and re-hospitalisations occur more often. Severe outcomes are associated with perinatal risk factors. Preterm infants who did not qualify for BPD according to latest guidelines also showed a significant burden of respiratory disease in the first year of life.

When is the second local multiplier algebra of a C*-algebra equal to the first?

We discuss necessary as well as sufficient conditions for the second iterated local multiplier algebra of a separable C*-algebra to agree with the first.

The first steps of a secondary school teacher: experiences and studies of a student-teacher

This dissertation aims at fostering the professional development of the EFL teacher. This document compiles two small scale empirical studies carried out during the practicum periods of the TED's course. The first one is based on the role of the teacher's talk in the EFL classroom and the second one focuses on students’ small group talk, analysing the impact of cooperative learning in the EFL classroom by examining students' conversation. The following section gathers the teacher's personal reflections upon the process of professionalization. The paper concludes with a summary of the major findings and further professional improvement proposals

Experimentació a distància de la física per a enginyers (EDFE)

El laboratori de física és el lloc que permet apropar la Física i la seva realitat quotidiana, tant la tecnològica com la científica, a l'estudiantat mitjançant experiències i demostracions motivadores. En general, les pràctiques de laboratori se solen realitzar per parelles, encara que no necessàriament, propiciant un treball en equip. Ara bé, pensant en aquelles estudiantes i aquells estudiants que no poden seguir el calendari de sessions presencials establert, per raons justificables, s’ha generat un material docent innovador consistent en la filmació de vídeos d’algunes de les pràctiques que actualment s'estan duent a terme en el laboratori de Física de l'EPSEM. Les filmacions van acompanyades per uns tutorials que permeten introduir la pràctica i il·lustrar tots els conceptes teòrics que hi intervenen i algunes simulacions. A més, també hi ha disponible uns tests d'autoavaluació i d'avaluació que acreditin l'aprenentatge de l'estudiant. L’objectiu és procurar, a partir d’una experimentació virtual, minimitzar la manca d’adquisició d’algunes habilitats pròpies de l’experimentació real al laboratori. Els productes creats han estat inclosos en el web del Departament de Física Aplicada de la UPC a l'EPSEM, on es proporciona tot un conjunt d’eines i informacions pensades per facilitar una millor forma de treballar en un laboratori. En aquest web es poden trobar, les normes generals per a la realització de les pràctiques i per a l’elaboració dels informes preceptius, el guió i l’esquema del muntatge de cada experimentació, així com enllaços a webs relacionats amb la física, que poden resultar molt útils per a l’alumnat. El pas endavant que suposa el material desenvolupat, ampliable en un futur, és sens dubte una alternativa educativa complementaria per garantir una formació més integral de les nostres estudiantes i dels nostres estudiants, en correspondència amb l’esperit de fomentar l'autoaprenentatge que traspua el procés d'integració a l'EEES. Veure: http://www.epsem.upc.edu/~practiquesfisica/

The First Instar Larva of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Phlebotomidae)

The morphology and chaetotaxy of the first instar larva of Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis are described based on observations made under scanning electron microscope. Because three-dimensional images were studied, some terminological changes are proposed to give a more realistic description of the positions of the setae. On the larval body, the pairs of setae have the following number: 9 on the head, 12 on the prothorax, 8 on the meso- and metathorax, 6 on the first to eighth abdominal segments, and 8 on the ninth abdominal segment

Birth records from Swiss married couples analyzed over of the past 35 years reveal an aging of first-time mothers by 5.1 years while the interpregnancy interval has shortened

RésuméIntroduction : Le travail de thèse est un article publié dans le journal « Fertility & Sterility » s'intitulant « Birth records from Swiss married couples analyzed over the past 35 years reveal an aging of first-time mothers by 5.1 years while the interpregnancy interval has shortened ».Méthodes : Les données concernant l'âge auquel les femmes mariées donnaient naissance ont été obtenues de l'Office fédéral de la statistique. Nous avons examiné la période allant de 1969 à 2006. Cet intervalle de temps choisi nous a permis de prendre en considération un total de 2'716'370 naissances. L'âge moyen des parturientes à la naissance de leur 1er, 2ème et 3ème enfant a été calculé pour chaque année à l'aide du logiciel Excel. Grâce à ces données on a pu obtenir les intervalles inter-gestationnels théoriques entre le 1er et 2ème enfant, ainsi qu'entre le 2ème et 3ème enfant.Résultats : Nous pouvons constater que l'intervalle inter-gestationnel théorique entre la première et la deuxième grossesse était de 23.2 mois en 1969 et passait à 13.0 mois en 2006. L'intervalle compris entre la deuxième et la troisième grossesse passait de 22.4 mois en 1969 à 7.9 mois en 2006. Notre analyse suggère donc que c'est le facteur social qui exerce un effet plus important que le facteur biologique sur les intervalles inter-gestationnels, car ces intervalles diminuaient malgré l'augmentation de l'âge des mères à la naissance.

First Case of Natural Infection in Pigs: Review of Trypanosoma cruzi Reservoirs in Mexico

An epidemiological research project was performed in the State of Morelos including collection of samples for blood smears and culture, serological tests, and xenodiagnoses from a total of 76 domestic and peridomestic mammals. Two strains of Trypanosoma cruzi were isolated by haemocultures; one from a pig (Sus scrofa), the first case of natural infection reported in Mexico, and the other from a dog (Canis familiaris). This study summarizes current information in Mexico concerning confirmed reservoirs of T. cruzi

Encoding dysfunctions in a dynamic-static paradigm for visuospatial working memory in first-episode psychosis patients: a 2-year follow-up study.

Aim: To investigate static and dynamic visuospatial working memory (VSWM) processes in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and explore the validity of such measures as specific trait markers of schizophrenia. Methods: Twenty FEP patients and 20 age-, sex-, laterality- and education-matched controls carried out a dynamic and static VSWM paradigm. At 2-year follow up 13 patients met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (of Mental Health Disorders) - Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for schizophrenia, 1 for bipolar disorder, 1 for brief psychotic episode and 5 for schizotypal personality disorder. Results: Compared with controls, the 20 FEP patients showed severe impairment in the dynamic VSWM condition but much less impairment in the static condition. No specific bias in stimulus selection was detected in the two tasks. Two-year follow-up evaluations suggested poorer baseline scores on the dynamic task clearly differentiated the 13 FEP patients who developed schizophrenia from the seven who did not. Conclusions: Results suggest deficits in VSWM in FEP patients. Specific exploratory analyses further suggest that deficit in monitoring-manipulation VSWM processes, especially involved in our dynamic VSWM task, can be a reliable marker of schizophrenia.