The Security Dilemma: Fear, Cooperation, and Trust in World Politics

Booth, Ken, and N. J. Wheeler, The Security Dilemma: Fear, Cooperation, and Trust in World Politics (Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), pp.xv+364 RAE2008

Dying for 'Enduring Freedom': Accepting Responsibility for Civilian Casualties in the War against Terrorism

Wheeler, Nicholas, 'Dying for `Enduring Freedom': Accepting Responsibility for Civilian Casualties in the War against Terrorism', International Relations (2002) 16(2) pp.205-225 RAE2008

The Kosovo Bombing Campaign

Wheeler, Nicholas. 'The Kosovo Bombing Campaign', In: The Politics of International Law, C. Reus-Smit (Ed.), (Cambridge Studies in International Relations 96. Cambridge University Press, 2004), pp. 189-216, 2004. 1. Introduction Christian Reus-Smit; 2. The politics of international law Christian Reus-Smit; 3. When states use armed force Dino Kritsiotis; 4. Soft law, hard politics, and the Climate Change Treaty Robyn Eckersley; 5. Emerging customary norms, and anti-personnel landmines Richard Price; 6. International law, politics, and migrant rights Amy Gurowitz; 7. The International Criminal Court David Wippman; 8. The Kosovo bombing campaign Nicholas Wheeler; 9. International financial institutions Antony Anghie; 10. Law, politics, and international governance Wayne Sandholtz and Alec Stone Sweet; 11. Socety, power, and ethics Christian Reus-Smit. RAE2008

Inter-regional transfer trade flows in the English football league

Perdikis, Nicholas, Thomas, Dennis, Inter-regional transfer trade flows in the English football league', Tijdschrift voor Economie en Management (2002) 47 (4) 477-509 RAE2008

International market selection : Measuring actions instead of intentions

Alexander, N.; Rhodes, M.; and Myers, H. (2007). International market selection: measuring actions instead of intentions. Journal of Services Marketing. 21(6), pp.424-434 RAE2008

Relationship development in international retail franchising: Case study evidence from the UK fashion sector

Doherty, A. M. and Alexander, N. (2004). Relationship development in international retail franchising: Case study evidence from the UK fashion sector. European Journal of Marketing. 38(9-10), pp.1215-1235 RAE2008

Customers' responses to retail brand extensions

Alexander, N.; and Colgate, N. (2005). Customers' responses to retail brand extensions. Journal of Marketing Management. 21(3-4), pp.393-419 RAE2008

International retail divestment activity

Alexander, N.; Quinn, B.; and Cairns, P. (2005). International retail divestment activity. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management. 33(1), pp.5-22 RAE2008

Internationalization motives and facilitating factors: Qualitative evidence from smaller specialist retailers

Hutchison, K.; Alexander, N.; Quinn, B.; and Doherty, A. M. (2007). Internationalization motives and facilitating factors: Qualitative evidence from smaller specialist retailers. Journal of International Marketing. 15(3), pp.96-122 RAE2008

Power and control in international retail franchising

Alexander, Nicholas, Doherty, Anne Marie, 'Power and control in international retail franchising', European Journal of Marketing (2006) 40(11-12) pp.1292-1316 RAE2008

Desire Amongst the Dodgems: Alain Platel and the Scene of Seduction

Kear, Adrian, 'Desire Amongst the Dodgems: Alain Platel and the Scene of Seduction', In: Contemporary Theatres in Europe: A Critical Companion, Joe Kelleher and Nicholas Ridout (eds), (New York: Routledge), pp.106-119, 2006 RAE2008

Laser photoacoustic detection allows in planta detection of nitric oxide in tobacco following challenge with avirulent and virulent pseudomonas syringae pathovars

Luis A.J. Mur, I. Edi Santosa, Lucas J.J. Laarhoven, Nicholas J. Holton, Frans J.M. Harren and Aileen R. Smith (2005). Laser photoacoustic detection allows in planta detection of nitric oxide in tobacco following challenge with avirulent and virulent pseudomonas syringae pathovars. Plant Physiology, 138(3), 1247-1258. Sponsorship: BBSRC / EU RAE2008

Processing of Synthetic Aperture Radar Images by the Boundary Contour System and Feature Contour System

An improved Boundary Contour System (BCS) and Feature Contour System (FCS) neural network model of preattentive vision is applied to two large images containing range data gathered by a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor. The goal of processing is to make structures such as motor vehicles, roads, or buildings more salient and more interpretable to human observers than they are in the original imagery. Early processing by shunting center-surround networks compresses signal dynamic range and performs local contrast enhancement. Subsequent processing by filters sensitive to oriented contrast, including short-range competition and long-range cooperation, segments the image into regions. Finally, a diffusive filling-in operation within the segmented regions produces coherent visible structures. The combination of BCS and FCS helps to locate and enhance structure over regions of many pixels, without the resulting blur characteristic of approaches based on low spatial frequency filtering alone.

Development and assessment of new sensor systems in food packaging applications

The use of optical sensor technology for non-invasive determination of key quality pack parameters improved package/product quality. This technology can be used for optimization of packaging processes, improvement of product shelf-life and maintenance of quality. In recent years, there has been a major focus on O2 and CO2 sensor development as these are key gases used in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of food. The first and second experimental chapters (chapter 2 and 3) describe the development of O2, pH and CO2 solid state sensors and its (potential) use for food packaging applications. A dual-analyte sensor for dissolved O2 and pH with one bi-functional reporter dye (meso-substituted Pd- or Ptporphyrin) embedded in plasticized PVC membrane was developed in chapter 2. The developed CO2 sensor in chapter 3 was comprised of a phosphorescent reporter dye Pt(II)- tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) porphyrin (PtTFPP) and a colourimetric pH indicator α-naphtholphthalein (NP) incorporated in a plastic matrix together with a phase transfer agent tetraoctyl- or cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (TOA-OH or CTA-OH). The third experimental chapter, chapter 4, described the development of liquid O2 sensors for rapid microbiological determination which are important for improvement and assurance of food safety systems. This automated screening assay produced characteristic profiles with a sharp increase in fluorescence above the baseline level at a certain threshold time (TT) which can be correlated with their initial microbial load and was applied to various raw fish and horticultural samples. Chapter 5, the fourth experimental chapter, reported upon the successful application of developed O2 and CO2 sensors for quality assessment of MAP mushrooms during storage for 7 days at 4°C.

The human impacts of flower farm development in the Ethiopian Rift Valley region

The flower industry has a reputation for heavy usage of toxic chemicals and polluting the environment, enormous consumption of water, and poor working condition and low wage level in various parts of the world. It is unfortunate that this industry is adamant to change and repeating the same mistakes in Ethiopia. Because of this, - there is a growing concern among the general public and the international community about sustainability of the Ethiopian flower industry. Consequently, working conditions in the flower industry, impacts of wage income on the livelihoods of employees, coping strategies of low wage flower farm workers, impacts of flower farms on the livelihoods of local people and environmental pollution and conflict, were analysed. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed. Four quantitative data sets: labour practice, employees’ income and expenditure, displaced household, and flower grower views survey were collected between 2010 and 2012. Robust regression to identify the determinants of wage levels, and Multinomial logit to identify the determinants of coping strategies of flower farm workers and displaced households were employed. The findings show the working conditions in flower farms are characterized by low wages, job insecurity and frequent violation of employees’ rights, and poor safety measures. To ensure survival of their family, land dispossessed households adopt a wide range of strategies including reduction in food consumption, sharing oxen, renting land, share cropping, and shifting staple food crops. Most experienced scarcity of water resources, lack of grazing areas, death of herds and reduced numbers of livestock due to water source pollution. Despite the Ethiopian government investment in attracting and creating conducive environment for investors, not much was accomplished when it comes to enforcing labour laws and environmental policies. Flower farm expansion in Ethiopia, as it is now, can be viewed as part of the global land and water grab and is not all inclusive and sustainable. Several recommendations are made to improve working conditions, maximize the benefits of flower industry to the society, and to the country at large.