Por meio da resistência: processo de profissionalização docente no Manifesto Ao Professorado de Minas (1900)

Examinar o Manifesto Ao Professorado de Minas publicado no Jornal do Commercio em fins de 1900 consiste no horizonte deste trabalho. Este esforço significou pensar a participação dos professores, bem como suas ações, atuações e reações, anteriores e posteriores à produção do Manifesto, como constituintes do processo de profissionalização docente. Endereçado Ao Professorado de Minas, tinha como teor principal o apelo pela união. Traçou-se uma discussão sobre o seu conteúdo, a partir de questões emergentes do texto, como a menção a criação de uma associação docente. Somado a isso, procurou-se entender as condições de trabalho dos professores signatários e dos não partícipes do documento, no sentido de perceber as normatizações a que estavam sujeitos, na tentativa de elucidar o que significava ser professor naquele momento e que poderia ter incentivado a produção do Manifesto. Buscou-se, ainda, construir a trajetória dos quatro signatários a partir das relações que possuíam na cidade de Juiz de Fora, os espaços que frequentavam e os cargos ocupados por eles antes e depois da publicação do Manifesto. Para isso, foi preciso perceber a presença dos quatro professores em um conjunto documental variado e disperso, o que empreendeu um esforço de cruzamento das fontes, e possibilitou esboçar a trajetória desses sujeitos a partir dos lugares ocupados por eles. Por fim, empreendeu-se um movimento de reflexão sobre o público a que o Manifesto se destinava, no caso, os professores. Percebeu-se um universo de atuação desses sujeitos na cidade a partir de queixas e solicitações, assim como, de pessoas que não atuavam na profissão docente, mas que reconheciam a importância dos professores e da instrução pública, a exemplo de moradores. Utilizou-se de fontes como o Jornal do Commercio e o Correio de Minas, importantes periódicos mineiros. A trajetória dos professores foi construída a partir dos requerimentos, correspondências de professores com a Câmara Municipal, relatórios de inspetores escolares e abaixo assinados de moradores. O estudo concluiu que as ações, reações e as diversas formas de agir dos professores, inclusive o Manifesto, se constituíram como um movimento importante do processo de profissionalização da docência e do fazer-se da categoria. Pretende contribuir, deste modo, para o campo da História da Educação, incorporando-se aos estudos que tratam do estatuto da profissão docente.

La Ictiología Argentina en Imágenes: II-SigloXX (1900-1950).

ProBiota genera este modesto documento con el propósito de compartirlo con el “Universo ictiológico” y con aquellos que investigan y describen la historia de la ciencia regional. Estas imágenes del pasado y presente de la ictiología nacional conforman un testimonio dirigido al futuro. Aunque, como dijo James Joyce: - No hay pasado ni futuro, todo fluye en un eterno presente -

Phycobilisome-Deficient Strains of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Have Reduced Size and Require Carbon-Limiting Conditions to Exhibit Enhanced Productivity.

Reducing excessive light harvesting in photosynthetic organisms may increase biomass yields by limiting photoinhibition and increasing light penetration in dense cultures. The cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 harvests light via the phycobilisome, which consists of an allophycocyanin core and six radiating rods, each with three phycocyanin (PC) discs. Via targeted gene disruption and alterations to the promoter region, three mutants with two (pcpcT→C) and one (ΔCpcC1C2:pcpcT→C) PC discs per rod or lacking PC (olive) were generated. Photoinhibition and chlorophyll levels decreased upon phycobilisome reduction, although greater penetration of white light was observed only in the PC-deficient mutant. In all strains cultured at high cell densities, most light was absorbed by the first 2 cm of the culture. Photosynthesis and respiration rates were also reduced in the ΔCpcC1C2:pcpcT→C and olive mutants. Cell size was smaller in the pcpcT→C and olive strains. Growth and biomass accumulation were similar between the wild-type and pcpcT→C under a variety of conditions. Growth and biomass accumulation of the olive mutant were poorer in carbon-saturated cultures but improved in carbon-limited cultures at higher light intensities, as they did in the ΔCpcC1C2:pcpcT→C mutant. This study shows that one PC disc per rod is sufficient for maximal light harvesting and biomass accumulation, except under conditions of high light and carbon limitation, and two or more are sufficient for maximal oxygen evolution. To our knowledge, this study is the first to measure light penetration in bulk cultures of cyanobacteria and offers important insights into photobioreactor design.

Test document - Investigation into the supply and demand of breakfast muffins in Paris hotels.

This survey was undertaken by the film crew accompanying Cary Grant when making the film "Charade" in 1963.

New Approaches to Social History. Myth, Memory and Place: Monmouth and Bath 1750-1900

Borsay, Peter, 'New Approaches to Social History. Myth, Memory and Place: Monmouth and Bath 1750-1900', Journal of Social History (2006) 39(3) pp.867-889 RAE2008

The ‘Faust’ or ’Lucifer’ Sonata? On Liszt’s idea of programme music as exemplifi ed by his Piano Sonata in B minor

The musicological tradition places Liszt’s Sonata in B minor within the sphere of compositions inspired by the Faustian myth. Its musical material, its structure and its narrative exhibit certain similarities to the ‘Faust’ Symphony. Yet there has appeared a diff erent and, one may say, a rival interpretation of Sonata in B minor. What is more, it is well-documented from both a musical and a historical point of view. It has been presented by Hungarian pianist and musicologist Tibor Szász. He proposes the thesis that the Sonata in B minor has been in fact inspired by Milton’s Paradise Lost, with its three protagonists: Adam, Satan and Christ. He fi nds their illustrations and even some key elements of the plot in the Sonata’s narrative. But yet Milton’s Paradise Lost and Goethe’s Faust are both stories of the Fall and Salvation, of the cosmic struggle between good and evil. The triads of their protagonists – Adam and Eve, Satan, and Christ; Faust, Mephisto and Gretchen – are homological. Thus both interpretations of the Sonata, the Goethean and the Miltonian, or, in other words, the Faustian and the Luciferian, are parallel and complementary rather than rival. It is also highly probable that both have had their impact on the genesis of the Sonata in B minor.

Detecting Instances of Shape Classes That Exhibit Variable Structure

This paper proposes a method for detecting shapes of variable structure in images with clutter. The term "variable structure" means that some shape parts can be repeated an arbitrary number of times, some parts can be optional, and some parts can have several alternative appearances. The particular variation of the shape structure that occurs in a given image is not known a priori. Existing computer vision methods, including deformable model methods, were not designed to detect shapes of variable structure; they may only be used to detect shapes that can be decomposed into a fixed, a priori known, number of parts. The proposed method can handle both variations in shape structure and variations in the appearance of individual shape parts. A new class of shape models is introduced, called Hidden State Shape Models, that can naturally represent shapes of variable structure. A detection algorithm is described that finds instances of such shapes in images with large amounts of clutter by finding globally optimal correspondences between image features and shape models. Experiments with real images demonstrate that our method can localize plant branches that consist of an a priori unknown number of leaves and can detect hands more accurately than a hand detector based on the chamfer distance.

Jeannette Colombel, Michel Foucault, Paris :Editions Odile Jacob, 1994. 296 p.

Paris

Béatrice Longuenesse, Kant et le pouvoir de juger. Paris:PUF, 1993, 482 pp.

Dekalb, Illinois