988 resultados para Epidural-anesthesia


Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Os autores demonstram os principais achados do linfoma adrenal primário nas tomografias computadorizadas (TC) de abdome e crânio e na ressonância magnética (RM) do crânio, apresentando um caso raro de um paciente do sexo masculino, 72 anos de idade, com progressiva deterioração do estado mental, evoluindo, num período de dois meses, com perda da memória recente, desorientação e, finalmente, franco quadro demencial. O paciente foi submetido a investigação por métodos de imagem com TC de crânio (sem administração venosa de contraste iodado), tórax e abdome (sem e com administração venosa de contraste iodado), e RM de crânio (antes e após a administração venosa de gadolínio). Na TC de crânio observaram-se áreas nodulares levemente hiperdensas, adjacentes aos ventrículos laterais. A TC de tórax não mostrou alterações relevantes. Na TC do abdome foram demonstrados nódulos sólidos em ambas as adrenais. A RM de crânio evidenciou impregnação difusa e nodular do epêndima do IV ventrículo, III ventrículo, cornos anteriores e temporais, átrios e corpo dos ventrículos laterais. O diagnóstico definitivo foi realizado através do estudo imuno-histoquímico da peça após biópsia da adrenal. Os autores concluíram, após revisão atualizada da literatura, que a TC e a RM são métodos essenciais na detecção e melhor avaliação de linfomas adrenais primários, principalmente quando associados a envolvimento do sistema nervoso central, e a RM mostra-se mais sensível para a detecção de lesões extracerebrais nos espaços epidural e subdural, principalmente após a administração venosa de gadolínio.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In elderly patients, a blunt trauma of the chest is associated with a significant risk of complications and mortality. The number of ribs fractures (≥ 4), the presence of bilateral rib fractures, of a pulmonary contusion, of existent comorbidities or acute extra-thoracic traumatic lesions, and lastly the severity of thoracic pain, are indeed important risk factors of complications and mortality. Their presence may require hospitalization of the patient. When complications do occur, they are represented by alveolar hypoventilation, pulmonary atelectasia and broncho-pulmonary infections. When hospitalization is required, it may allow for the specific treatment of thoracic pain, including locoregional anesthesia techniques.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Disc herniation with posterior epidural migration is a rare and often symptomatic entity. Multiple are the natural barriers that prevent this pattern of migration. Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is the diagnostic modality of choice in these cases. The diagnostic dilemma in this case was the contraindication to the use of contrast since the patient was known to have chronic renal failure.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

When status epilepticus (SE) remains refractory to appropriate therapy, it is associated with high mortality and with substantial morbidity in survivors. Many outcome predictors such as age, seizure type, level of consciousness before treatment, and mostly, etiology, are well-established. A longer duration of SE is often associated with worse outcome, but duration may lose its prognostic value after several hours. Several terms and definitions have been used to describe prolonged, refractory SE, including "malignant SE," "prolonged" SE, and more recently, "super refractory" SE, defined as "SE that has continued or recurred despite 24 hours of general anesthesia (or coma-inducing anticonvulsants)." There are few data available regarding the outcome of prolonged refractory SE, and even fewer for SE remaining refractory to anesthetic drugs. This article reviews reports of outcome after prolonged, refractory, and "super refractory" SE. Most information detailing the clinical outcome of patients surviving these severe illnesses, in which seizures can persist for days or weeks (and especially those concerning "super-refractory" SE) come from case reports and retrospective cohort studies. In many series, prolonged, refractory SE has a mortality of 30% to 50%, and several studies indicate that most survivors have a substantial decline in functional status. Nevertheless, several reports demonstrate that good functional outcome is possible even after several days of SE and coma induction. Treatment of refractory SE should not be withdrawn from younger patients without structural brain damage at presentation solely because of the duration of SE.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Objectives: To determine the incidence, severity and duration of lingual tactile and gustatory function impairments after lower third molar removal. Study Design: Prospective cohort study with intra-subject measures of 16 patients undergoing lower third molar extractions. Sensibility and gustatory functions were evaluated in each subject preoperatively, one week and one month after the extraction, using Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments and 5 different concentrations of NaCl, respectively. Additionally, all patients filled a questionnaire to assess subjective perceptions. Results: Although patients did not perceive any sensibility impairments, a statistically significant decrease was detected when Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments. This alteration was present at one week after the surgical procedure and fully recovered one month after the extraction. There were no variations regarding the gustatory function. Conclusions: Lower third molar removal under local anesthesia may cause light lingual sensibility impairment. Most of these alterations remain undetected to patients. These lingual nerve injuries are present one week after the extraction and recover one month after surgery. The taste seems to remain unaffected after these procedures.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The literature carries many theories about the mechanism of action of local anesthetics (LA). We can highlight those focusing the direct effect of LA on the sodium channel protein and the ones that consider the interaction of anesthetic molecules with the lipid membrane phase. The interaction between local anesthetics and human erythrocyte membranes has been studied by ¹H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It was found that lidocaine (LDC) and benzocaine (BZC) bind to the membranes, increase the mobility of the protons of the phospholipid's acyl chains, and decrease the mobility and/or change the structure of the polar head groups. The results indicate that lidocaine molecules are inserted across the polar and liquid interface of the membrane, establishing both electrostatic (charged form) and hydrophobic (neutral form) interactions. Benzocaine locates itself a little deeper in the bilayer, between the interfacial glycerol region and the hydrophobic core. These changes in mobility or conformation of membrane lipids could affect the Na+-channel protein insertion in the bilayer, stabilizing it in the inactivated state, thus causing anesthesia.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

La primera referencia histórica sobre anestesia, la encontramos en el Génesis cuando Yavé, sumió a Adán en un profundo sueño para formar, con una de sus costillas a su compañera Eva.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Among the challenges of pig farming in today's competitive market, there is factor of the product traceability that ensures, among many points, animal welfare. Vocalization is a valuable tool to identify situations of stress in pigs, and it can be used in welfare records for traceability. The objective of this work was to identify stress in piglets using vocalization, calling this stress on three levels: no stress, moderate stress, and acute stress. An experiment was conducted on a commercial farm in the municipality of Holambra, São Paulo State , where vocalizations of twenty piglets were recorded during the castration procedure, and separated into two groups: without anesthesia and local anesthesia with lidocaine base. For the recording of acoustic signals, a unidirectional microphone was connected to a digital recorder, in which signals were digitized at a frequency of 44,100 Hz. For evaluation of sound signals, Praat® software was used, and different data mining algorithms were applied using Weka® software. The selection of attributes improved model accuracy, and the best attribute selection was used by applying Wrapper method, while the best classification algorithms were the k-NN and Naive Bayes. According to the results, it was possible to classify the level of stress in pigs through their vocalization.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Our objective is to report a case of a patient with a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm and chronic aortic dissection, who was submitted to an endovascular treatment. A 68-year-old male with coronary artery disease and hypertension, with no history of trauma, diabetes or smoking. He had myocardial infarction ten years ago. Under general anesthesia, the left femoral artery was surgically exposed and the left braquial artery was catheterized with a "pigtail" catheter, under Seldinger technique. The proximal 46mm/Æ and distal 34mm/Æ stent-graft was placed just distal to the origen of the left subclavian artery. Control arteriography showed that the lesion was completely excluded. The patient was discharged seven days after the surgery, when a computed tomographic control, was performed showing a sustained aneurysm exclusion and a satisfactory endovascular position.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

OBJETIVO: Os custos da internação hospitalar têm relação direta com o tempo de permanência do paciente operado. Por outro lado, um menor tempo de internação permite aumentar a produtividade nos hospitais públicos com demanda reprimida. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar fatores determinantes da redução do tempo de internação pós-cirurgia torácica de grande porte. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo por análise de prontuários, realizado em duas fases. Na fase I levantou-se uma série consecutiva de 169 pacientes divididos em grupo I (n=81)-operados no período de junho de 1990 a dezembro de 1995, e grupo II (n=88) _operados de janeiro de 1996 a maio de 2000, para verificação do tempo de internação e fatores relacionados. Na fase II levantou-se uma série consecutiva de 20 pacientes (grupo III) retroagindo a partir de março de 2002, para análise e comparação com uma pequena enquête enviada pela internet para 21 cirurgiões torácicos. RESULTADOS: A quase totalidade dos pacientes prescindiu de UTI no pós-operatório imediato. O tempo de internação médio caiu de 7,6 dias (mediana 7) no grupo I para 5,1 dias (mediana 4) no grupo II (p<0,001). A utilização mais freqüente da analgesia epidural e o uso de vias de acesso menos traumáticas no grupo II alcançou significância estatística (p<0,001). No grupo III o tempo de internação médio foi de 4,2 dias (mediana 4), com uso mais efetivo da analgesia epidural (75%) e emprego da toracotomia vertical (90%). Oito cirurgiões torácicos responderam à enquête: o tempo médio de internação informado variou de cinco a nove dias, todos os pacientes foram enviados para a UTI ou similar, e apenas dois cirurgiões usam de rotina toracotomia com preservação muscular. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo confirma que o controle da dor e o menor trauma da via de acesso são fatores importantes para a mais rápida recuperação funcional dos pacientes. Sugere que uso da UTI pode ser restringido para pacientes com alto risco.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

OBJETIVO: Trata-se de uma comparação, entre as técnicas Shouldice (S), um reparo em quatro camadas de sutura contínua e a de Falci-Lichtenstein (FL) que usa prótese de Polipropileno. MÉTODO: Foram operados 118 pacientes do sexo masculino, com um total de 124 hérnias, sendo que 58 pacientes foram submetidos a hernioplastia inguinal pela técnica de FL e 60 pacientes pela técnica de S. Em cada grupo foram reparadas 62 hérnias inguinais, com 85% dos pacientes acompanhados em quatro anos. A média de idade foi de 52 anos. Foram operadas 57 hérnias do tipo 3 A, 57 do tipo 3 B e 10 do tipo 4, segundo a classificação de Nyhus. Quanto ao lado houve uma predominância à direita com 65 hérnias (52,4%). A anestesia foi epidural em (89,8%) dos pacientes. RESULTADOS: O hematoma e o seroma foram as complicações mais comuns no pósoperatório, seguidos pela retenção urinária e estas complicações ocorreram mais freqüentemente na técnica de FL. Houve uma recidiva (0,8%) com a técnica de FL, em um paciente em que a tela soltou-se do ligamento inguinal. Em outro paciente apareceu uma hérnia femoral. Os pacientes operados pela técnica de S queixaramse mais de dor no pós-operatório imediato e retornaram mais tarde ao trabalho. O tempo de acompanhamento não foi o ideal, pois nos pacientes não controlados pode estar o maior índice de recidiva, quando se sabe que 40% das recidivas aparecem após cinco anos e 20% após 25 anos da operação primária. CONCLUSÕES: Os dois reparos apresentam taxas baixas de recidivas. A técnica de Shouldice é mais complexa, mas permite uma exploração segura do canal femoral, requer um conhecimento anatômico mais sólido da região e uma maior experiência com a cirurgia da hérnia inguinal. Seu custo é menor. O reparo Falci-Lichtenstein é eficaz, rápido, causa pouca dor, recuperação rápida e permite que os cirurgiões com menos experiência em cirurgia de hérnia inguinal possam realizá-la com sucesso.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The pectus excavatum treatment has two different approaches: non-surgical techniques (modified dynamic thoracic compressor, exercises and the vacuum bell) or surgical techniques (silastic or solid silicone implant, open surgical repair like sternochondroplasty and minimally invasive repair). The introduction of Nuss procedure improved the pectus excavatum treatment, but its low acceptance was due to the high complication rate (e.g. cardiac perfuration). The thoracoscopy use for bar mediastinal passage reduced the complication rate. In comparison with sternochondroplasty, the Nuss procedure has smaller incision, less blood loss and less operative time. However, it has more reoperations, complications, longer hospital stay and more readmission rates, more time of thoracic epidural catheter for postoperative analgesia and more need for analgesic after being discharged. Although Nuss procedure has been used in children, patients under ten years must be only observed. The Nuss procedure is applicable to moderate or light symmetrical pectus excavatum, without costal protrusion, in young and adolescents patients. Furthermore, the sternochondroplasty is applicable to severe or asymmetric pectus excavatum, with or without inferior costal protrusion. Therefore, Nuss procedure and sternocondroplasty are not antagonistic procedures, and they must be used in accordance with a treatment organogram and the technique choice must be by functional and aesthetic outcome.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Minimally Invasive Surgery, Telesurgery, Robotics and Virtual Reality represent the technological frontiers that have revolutionized operating practices nowadays. These new technologies aim at improving the quality of assistance offered to patients; thus, they demand from the medical staff more effective measures as far as scientific research, training and expenditure of time and financial resources are concerned. In the past, surgeons have led several medical revolutions, such as the use of antiseptic surgical methods by Semelweiss, the use of anesthesia by Warren, antibiotic therapy, the transplants and the onset of the minimally invasive surgery by Mouret and Perissat. The objective of this article is to present the outreach of this new technology which comprises minimal access, computing, robotics and teletransmission. We have concluded that the new technologies developed in the medical field in the last decades, will offer new options and challenges for the treatment of the surgical patient, leading the scientific knowledge to a new era, the one of the virtual environment.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Insulin resistance is a transitory phenomenon of the metabolic response to trauma. In uncomplicated operations it lasts for 2-4 weeks postoperatively, and is directly related to the magnitude of the injury. The fasting status caused by conventional fasting protocols aggravates this resistance and may induce hyperglycemia. Conventional preoperative fasting time may aggravate this resistance and increment the elevation of glycemia especially because it is frequently longer than the expected 6-8h and may reach 10-16 hs. Additionally, overnight fasting may cause variable degrees of dehydration depending on the extension of the fasting period. Recently, various societies of anesthesia and nutrition have changed their guidelines to propose a reduction of preoperative fasting to 2h with clear fluids containing carbohydrates. These new protocols (ACERTO, ERAS) are based on the safety of this routine as consistently demonstrated by various randomized trials and a meta-analysis.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

OBJETIVO: Analisar aspectos da epidemiologia, apresentação clínica e radiológica de pacientes com hematoma extradural traumático (HED) submetidos a procedimento neurocirúrgico. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada a revisão de prontuários de 210 pacientes admitidos no Serviço de Emergência com HED diagnosticados através de tomografia computadorizada, tratados cirurgicamente no período de agosto de 1998 a janeiro de 2008. Foram analisados: idade, sexo, apresentação clínica e radiológica, mecanismo de trauma e status neurológico no momento da alta hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Em 49,2% o mecanismo de trauma foi queda; 89,2% dos pacientes eram do gênero masculino; 49,7% dos casos tinham Escala de Coma de Glasgow (ECG) entre 13-15; 61% dos pacientes tinham idade entre 20-49 anos; A localização do HED em 26,5% e 19,6% dos casos foi têmporo-parietal e temporal, respectivamente; 32,8% tinham lesões intracranianas associadas, sendo a fratura craniana evidenciada em cerca de 45% dos casos; 76,2% dos pacientes tratados cirurgicamente tiveram alta com déficit mínimo ou ausência de déficit neurológico. CONCLUSÃO: Observamos que o HED, na população de estudo, apresenta-se mais frequentemente no gênero masculino, na quarta década de vida, mais relacionado às quedas. Na admissão, observamos uma ECG entre 13 e 15, sendo pertinente mencionar o envolvimento da região têmporo-parietal na maioria dos casos. Acreditamos que o conhecimento da epidemiologia do hematoma extradural traumático pode auxiliar na elaboração de medidas de saúde pública, visando à prevenção e identificação precoce desta doença em determinada população.