Population-E

Social inequalities in health are a major public concern. Some of theseinequalities are currently not well documented, and are thus largely absentfrom debate. One important health issue is renal disease and access tothe corresponding therapies (dialysis and renal transplant). These twotherapeutic options have very different consequences in terms of labourmarket participation and physical well-being. Renal transplants offerpatients an enhanced quality of daily life and a longer life expectancy, butthis option is limited by organ availability. Here, drawing on two recentsurveys, Christian Baudelot, Yvanie Caillé, Olivier Godechot and SylvieMercier examine socially differentiated access to these two therapiesand explore the underlying mechanisms. At each stage in the diseaseand its treatment, a cumulative process puts the least educated patientsat a disadvantage in terms of access to a kidney transplant.

Stress ocupacional e satisfação laboral no atendimento ao público

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações.

Cywilnoprawne granice optymalizacji podatkowej w zakresie podatku dochodowego od osób prawnych (analiza struktur planowania podatkowego)

Wydział Prawa i Administracji

Los regidores de Córdoba en 1480. Aproximación prosopográfica

Uno de los grupos sociales más influyentes en la ciudad de Córdoba durante la segunda mitad del siglo XV fue el constituido por los ¡regidores de la ciudad. Conocidos habitualmente con el nombre de veinticuatros, por haber sido ése el número teórico de sus componentes desde la segunda mitad del siglo XIV, su número ascendió de forma considerable a partir del siglo siguiente hasta el punto de superar el centenar. Este trabajo estudia la composición del mencionado grupo en el entorno de 1480, cuando las disposiciones de las Cortes de Toledo pusieron límite a ése y a otros abusos heredados de los reinados anteriores. Intenta fijar las distintas conexiones sociales, políticas y económicas de los regidores cordobeses y contiene un completo índice prosopográfico de los regidores cordobeses.

L’Expérience politique des jeunes

Quelles sont les conséquences des mutations sociales et politiques de la société sur le rapport actuel des jeunes à la politique ? Partagent-ils encore avec leurs parents une même culture politique, et a fortiori avec leurs grands-parents ? Comment les jeunes se repèrent-ils entre la gauche, la droite, au sein de l'offre politique des partis ? Quels sont leurs orientations idéologiques, leurs choix, leurs votes ? Quelles sont les formes de leur implication, de leur participation et de leur engagement ?Ce livre rend compte de l'expérience politique dans le temps de la jeunesse, entre 18 et 30 ans, conduisant chacun, selon son itinéraire familial et socioprofessionnel, à la rencontre de son rôle de citoyen dans la France d'aujourd'hui. Et il renverse nombre d'idées reçues.Non, les jeunes ne sont pas dépolitisés. Plus informés, ils sont aussi plus critiques et plus exigeants à l'égard de la classe politique. Souvent pessimistes, ils expriment un désenchantement qui reflète avant tout celui de leurs parents. Réalistes, ils n'ont pas rangé leurs illusions et sont en demande de politique. Ils cherchent à restaurer les valeurs d'engagement au travers d'actions concrètes, non différées et donc efficaces. S'ils votent moins que leurs aînés, ils se mobilisent dans le cadre d'actions collectives et interviennent souvent de façon spectaculaire sur la scène publique. Enfin leur rapport à la politique, loin d'être univoque, est socialement diversifié et révèle fractures et dysfonctionnements dans la société.Au début du XXIe siècle, leur expérience politique s'avère donc plutôt dense, sans doute conflictuelle, mais aussi riche de promesses. Le lien au politique des nouvelles générations se recompose entre héritage et expérimentation, entre identification et novation, et participe au renouvellement des valeurs et des pratiques des futurs citoyens. (Résumé éditeur)

Criminal Case Processing of Sexual Assaults in Alaska

Discretion plays a role in nearly every facet of the American criminal justice system. It is widely regarded as necessary to do justice but is not without criticisms – especially when it leads to unfavorable or disparate treatment. The role of discretion in sexual assault cases has been particularly scrutinized. Since the majority of sexual assaults do not fit stereotypic beliefs about what constitutes a “real rape” and “genuine victim,” criminal justice officials use their discretion to filter these cases out of the justice system. This study explored this issue by examining two stages of the criminal justice process: the police decision to refer cases for prosecution and the prosecutorial decision to accept referred cases. In doing so, it contributes to this body of literature in three ways. First, it included sexual assault cases that involve Alaska Native victims and suspects. Second, it addressed a gap in the theoretical scholarship by examining the downstream nature of police decision-making. And finally, it examined the formal reasons prosecutors give for charge dispositions. This study found a significant amount of attrition of sexual assault cases as they progressed through the criminal justice system. Moreover, a combination of legally relevant and extralegal factors was found to be important, but not consistently across all types of sexual assaults. Among legal factors, the number of victim injuries was the most consistent predictor. Among extralegal factors, cases that involved Alaska Native suspects had significantly higher odds of case referral and case acceptance compared to white suspects. The effect of suspect race was particularly pronounced in cases with a white victim. Additionally, the findings suggest that not only are Native American defendants more likely to have their cases referred by police, but once referred, they are also more likely to have them accepted for prosecution. Contrary to expectations, victim-suspect relationship, specifically non-stranger assaults, increased the odds of police referral compared to stranger cases. However, the opposite appears to be true for the decision to prosecute cases. Once referred, prosecutors were five times more likely to accept sexual assaults perpetrated by strangers. The implications of these findings are also discussed.

Relatório de estágio profissionalizante : equipa profissional do Estoril-Praia, Departamento de Análise de Jogo

A importância da observação e análise de jogo no futebol tem crescido substancialmente nos últimos anos. As diferentes disposições tácticas e padrões comportamentais de jogo que se tem verificado, a exigência competitiva a que assistimos actualmente tem levado os clubes a investirem na formação e contratação de profissionais nesta área, potenciando, desta forma, a performance e sucesso das equipas. Este documento procura caracterizar e descrever um ano de estágio inserido no departamento de análise de jogo na equipa profissional sénior do Estoril-Praia Futebol, SAD. Os principais objectivos deste processo foram: (1) contribuir para o desenvolvimento do departamento de análise de jogo, criando um documento em software Excel que permitisse maior organização e rigor na análise e tratamento da informação, (2) organizar os dados para que estes pudessem ser facilmente interpretados por equipa técnica e jogadores. Para além do trabalho realizado ao longo de toda a época na área da análise de jogo, este documento contêm ainda dois estudos realizados com a equipa sénior do Estoril-Praia, Futebol SAD: (1) estudo de grupo que aborda o nível de coesão da equipa e (2) um estudo de investigação que procura avaliar os comportamentos da equipa quando está organizada ou em recuperação defensiva.

Medications, youth therapeutic cultures and performance consumptions: a sociological approach

"This article analyses performance consumptions among young people. The theme is explored along two main axes. The first concerns the social heterogeneity in this field, considered on two levels: the different purposes for those investments – cognitive/mental and physical performance; and the different social contexts – university and work – where performance practices and dispositions may be fostered. The second axis explores the roles of pharmacological and natural consumptions, and their interrelationship, in the dissemination of these practices. The empirical data for this analysis were drawn from an ongoing research project on performance consumptions among young people (aged 18−29 years) in Portugal, including both university students and young workers without university education. The results correspond to the stage of extensive research, for which a questionnaire was organised at a national level, using non-proportional quota sampling. On the one hand, they show that (a) there is a hierarchy of acceptance of consumptions according to their purposes, with cognitive/mental performance showing higher acceptance and (b) both pharmaceuticals and natural products are consumed for every type of performance investment. On the other, the comparison between students and workers introduces a certain heterogeneity in this general backdrop, both in terms of the purposes for their consumptions and their opting for natural or pharmacological resources. These threads of heterogeneity will prompt a discussion of the dynamics of pharmaceuticalisation within the field of performance, in particular how therapeutic cultures may be changing in terms of the way individuals relate to medications, expanding their uses in social life."

Políticas de geração distribuída e sustentabilidade do sistema elétrico

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, 2015.

Le retour en communauté des détenus âgés : entre marginalisation et insertion, des expériences plurielles

À l’heure actuelle, au Canada, un détenu sous responsabilité fédérale sur cinq est âgé de plus de cinquante ans, ce qui représente une augmentation de 101% depuis le début des années 2000. Alors que tout semble indiquer qu’un nombre croissant de détenus âgés seront remis en liberté, très peu d’études se concentrent sur ce qu’ils vivent après la détention. Ce mémoire propose donc de comprendre leur expérience de retour en communauté et de faire ressortir le regard qu’ils posent sur celle-ci. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, nous nous sommes intéressées au vécu de dix-sept hommes âgés de cinquante ans et plus ayant purgé leur peine au sein d’établissements carcéraux québécois. Par l’entremise d’entrevues semi-dirigées, nous sommes parvenues à mettre en avant que le retour en communauté des détenus âgés est marqué par de multiples difficultés, exacerbées par leur âge, leur statut pénal et le cadre institutionnel dans lequel ils évoluent. Toutefois, cette expérience est vécue différemment selon la présence de solidarités familiales qui leur permettent d’accéder à un statut social valorisant et leur offrent la possibilité d’exister socialement.

Gaining Insight into Teaching: A Phenomenological Exploration of the Lived Experience of the Teachers of the Year

What qualities, skills, and knowledge produce quality teachers? Many stake-holders in education argue that teacher quality should be measured by student achievement. This qualitative study shows that good teachers are multi-dimensional; their effectiveness cannot be represented by students’ test scores alone. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to gain a deeper understanding of quality in teaching by examining the lived experiences of 10 winners or finalists of the Teacher of the Year (ToY) Award. Phenomenology describes individuals’ daily experiences of phenomena, examines how these experiences are structured, and focuses analysis on the perspectives of the persons having the experience (Moustakas, 1994). This inquiry asked two questions: (a) How is teaching experienced by recognized as outstanding Teachers of the Year? and (b) How do ToYs feelings and perceptions about being good teachers provide insight, if any, about concepts such as pedagogical tact, teacher selfhood, and professional dispositions? Ten participants formed the purposive sample; the major data collection tool was semi-structured interviews (Patton, 1990; Seidman, 2006). Sixty to 90-minute interviews were conducted with each participant. Data also included the participants’ ToY application essays. Data analysis included a three-phase process: description, reduction, interpretation. Findings revealed that the ToYs are dedicated, hard-working individuals. They exhibit behaviors, such as working beyond the school day, engaging in lifelong learning, and assisting colleagues to improve their practice. Working as teachers is their life’s compass, guiding and wrapping them into meaningful and purposeful lives. Pedagogical tact, teacher selfhood, and professional dispositions were shown to be relevant, offering important insights into good teaching. Results indicate that for these ToYs, good teaching is experienced by getting through to students using effective and moral means; they are emotionally open, have a sense of the sacred, and they operate from a sense of intentionality. The essence of the ToYs teaching experience was their being properly engaged in their craft, embodying logical, psychological, and moral realms. Findings challenge current teacher effectiveness process-product orthodoxy which makes a causal connection between effective teaching and student test scores, and which assumes that effective teaching arises solely from and because of the actions of the teacher.

Rescission and substitute property:Bainbridge v Bainbridge [2016] EWHC 898 (Ch)

One of the unresolved issues concerning equity’s jurisdiction to set aside dispositions for mistake is the nature of the proprietary consequences that ensue. The decision in Bainbridge v Bainbridge sheds further light on this important issue, but also illustrates that some important aspects concerning the application of rescission needs further clarification. The key issue concerned the rescission of a trust, where parts of the land had been sold by the trustees who had used the proceeds of sale to buy two new plots of land. Part of the reasoning used by Master Matthews relied upon authorities, developed in the context of fraudulently induced transfers of money, which requires careful consideration of the relationship between the principle in Pitt v Holt and unjust enrichment.

Le retour en communauté des détenus âgés : entre marginalisation et insertion, des expériences plurielles

À l’heure actuelle, au Canada, un détenu sous responsabilité fédérale sur cinq est âgé de plus de cinquante ans, ce qui représente une augmentation de 101% depuis le début des années 2000. Alors que tout semble indiquer qu’un nombre croissant de détenus âgés seront remis en liberté, très peu d’études se concentrent sur ce qu’ils vivent après la détention. Ce mémoire propose donc de comprendre leur expérience de retour en communauté et de faire ressortir le regard qu’ils posent sur celle-ci. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, nous nous sommes intéressées au vécu de dix-sept hommes âgés de cinquante ans et plus ayant purgé leur peine au sein d’établissements carcéraux québécois. Par l’entremise d’entrevues semi-dirigées, nous sommes parvenues à mettre en avant que le retour en communauté des détenus âgés est marqué par de multiples difficultés, exacerbées par leur âge, leur statut pénal et le cadre institutionnel dans lequel ils évoluent. Toutefois, cette expérience est vécue différemment selon la présence de solidarités familiales qui leur permettent d’accéder à un statut social valorisant et leur offrent la possibilité d’exister socialement.

Do children copy an expert or a majority? Examining selective learning in instrumental and normative contexts

This study examined whether instrumental and normative learning contexts differentially influence 4- to 7-year-old children’s social learning strategies; specifically, their dispositions to copy an expert versus a majority consensus. Experiment 1 (N = 44) established that children copied a relatively competent “expert” individual over an incompetent individual in both kinds of learning context. In experiment 2 (N = 80) we then tested whether children would copy a competent individual versus a majority, in each of the two different learning contexts. Results showed that individual children differed in strategy, preferring with significant consistency across two different test trials to copy either the competent individual or the majority. This study is the first to show that children prefer to copy more competent individuals when shown competing methods of achieving an instrumental goal (Experiment 1) and provides new evidence that children, at least in our “individualist” culture, may consistently express either a competency or majority bias in learning both instrumental and normative information (Experiment 2). This effect was similar in the instrumental and normative learning contexts we applied.

La montée du fascisme et de la Grande Dépression en Allemagne, vue par la presse de France, de Grande-Bretagne et des États-Unis (1930-32)

Dans les années 1931-32, les disputes à propos du traité de Versailles accompagnent la montée du fascisme et de la Grande Dépression en Allemagne. Les dirigeants anglosaxons ont justifié leur appui du Reich par leurs opinions publiques et des historiens ont expliqué que ces dernières s’étaient bercées d’illusions sur les enjeux allemands. Mais quelles étaient et d’où provenaient-elles ? Notre étude de quotidiens français, américains et britanniques montre qu’elles n’étaient pas uniquement constituées d’erreurs d’appréciation des réalités objectives, mais aussi de faits occultés, d’inventions, d’une guerre médiatique justifiant les choix de certains dirigeants financiers et politiques anglo-saxons. La diffusion rapide des mêmes inventions des deux côtés de l’Atlantique suggère l’existence de canaux de « fabrique d’opinions » entre l’Allemagne, la Grande-Bretagne, et les États-Unis.