Human immune responses during schistosomiasis mansoni

Studies of immune responses as they occur in patients with schistosomiasis appear to progress relative to corrent technological advances, and to advance despite the understandable inability to pursue in vivo manipulations in this host/parasite system. Emphasis is most often placed on making immunological comparisons between such patient groups as reinfected/non-reinfected, intestinals/hepatosplenic, high/low intensities of infection, infected/uninfected within endemic areas, and those born of infected/uninfected mothers. Based on these types of comparisons, reasonable conjectures can be made regarding the immunological occurrences during this chronic exposure condition. Some consideration is now being given to the immune mechanisms of some of the observations made, and while some of these must then be carried back to experimental models for further manipulation-based analysis, new technological developments continue to assist in the field/bench ability to ask questions that might assist our understanding to a point where this knowledge can be applied to shaping developmental approaches to vaccine development and the goal of alleviating morbidity.

Adapter module for self-learning production systems

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica, Sistemas e Computadores

Chromatic reintegration of historical mortars with lime-based pozzolanic consolidant products

3rd Historic Mortars Conference, 11-14 September 2013, Glasgow, Scotland

Consolidação e reintegração cromática de revestimentos históricos – Estudo da influência da adição de pigmentos

4º Congresso Nacional CONSTRUÇÃO 2012, Coimbra, Portugal, 18-20 Dezembro 2012

Paracoccidioidomicose sistêmica com envolvimento do sistema nervoso central

É relatado o caso de um paciente portador de paracoccidioidomicose sistêmica, com comprometimento oral e ganglionar regional e posterior envolvimento pulmonar. O paciente, tratado com drogas específicas(anfotericina B, itraconazol, sulfametoxazol + trimetoprim) e acompanhado durante seis anos, foi ao óbito com extenso comprometimento do sistema nervoso central

Nível sérico da vitamina A em crianças portadoras de leishmaniose visceral

A vitamina A tem sido considerada uma vitamina anti-infecciosa e sua deficiência está associada a um maior risco de infecções graves, como ocorre por exemplo no sarampo. Nos países em desenvolvimento a hipovitaminose A é um grave problema de saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo é quantificar o nível sérico da vitamina A em pacientes pediátricos portadores da leismaniose visceral (LV). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 22 crianças portadoras de LV, estocadas em freezer e posteriormente, quantificado o nível de vitamina A usando-se a cromatrografia líquída de alta eficiência, nove irmãos assintomáticos dos pacientes foram usados como controles. A média do nível sérico da vitamina A nos portadores de LV foi de 21,38µg/100ml e no grupo controle foi de 31,39µg/100ml. Entre os pacientes estudados com LV a média do nível sérico de vitamina A encontrado foi significativamente menor, utilizando-se o teste t de Student para um p<0,01 que dos controles.

Casa da Pesca: proposta de salvaguarda

A Casa da Pesca é um espaço de recreio pertencente a uma das casas nobres mais importantes do século XVIII em Portugal, a Casa Pombal. Situada na Quinta de Recreio dos Marqueses de Pombal em Oeiras, este núcleo apresenta um espólio artístico deveras único entre nós. Constituído por Jardim, Cascata do Taveira, Tanque e Casa da Pesca, nele encontram-se típicas características da arquitectura e arte de jardins desse período, na qual se encontram azulejos e estuques de temática mitológica e piscatória, cujo fabrico e autoria têm sido associados, respectivamente, à Fábrica do Rato e a Giovanni Grossi (1718-1781). Tendo presente estas características, e o valor histórico-cultural inerente ao espaço, a Casa da Pesca integrou em 1940, a classificação de «Monumento Nacional» dos Jardins e Palácio do Marquês de Pombal, estando desde então abrangida pelo regime de protecção e salvaguarda da actual Lei de Bases de Protecção do Património Cultural n.º107/2001, que não tem sido cumprido já que o monumento se encontra há décadas em estado de abandono e ruína. A Casa da Pesca revela a cada dia que passa uma urgente necessidade de valorização e recuperação,sendo por isso de reforçar um estudo histórico-artístico e de apresentar uma proposta com vista a sua salvaguarda. Este artigo pretende trazer ao conhecimento público a situação deste monumento, dada a sua importância e, propor uma solução que vise a sua recuperação, conservação e salvaguarda.

Durability to marine environment of innovative products for consolidation and chromatic reintegration of historical renders

9th International Masonry Conference 2014, 7-9 July, Universidade do Minho, Guimarães

Comparative clinical and ultrasound study of egg-negative and egg-positive individuals from Schistosoma mansoni low morbidity endemic areas, and hospitalized patients with hepatosplenic disease

Two hundred and twenty three subjects from a Schistosoma mansoni low morbidity endemic area and nine hospitalized hepatosplenic patients were submitted to stool test and clinical examination and abdomen ultrasound assessments. According to stool examination and ultrasound results, they were grouped as follows: G1 - 63 Schistosoma mansoni egg-negative individuals; G2 - 141 egg-positive patients and without evidence of periportal fibrosis; G3 - 19 egg-positive patients with periportal echogenicity (3-6mm); and G4 - 9 hepatosplenic patients with periportal echogenicity (> 6mm). Hepatomegaly detected by physical examination of the abdomen evaluated in the midclavicular line was verified in G1, G2 and G3, respectively, in 11.1, 12.1 and 26.3%. In G1, G2 and G3, periportal thickening occurred only in schistosomal patients (8.5%). Mild pathological alterations in patients that cannot yet be detected by clinical examination were detectable in the liver by ultrasound and can be due to fibrosis. The degree of mild periportal fibrosis was diminished in 57.9% of patients 12 months after treatment of schistosomiasis with oxamniquine. At ultrasonography, the mean liver left lobe measurement of G3 was larger than that of G1, and that of G4 larger than that of G1 and G2. The mean size of the spleen of G4 was significantly larger than that of the other three groups, and that of G3 larger than that of G1 and G2.

Consolidation and chromatic reintegration of historical renders with lime-based pozzolanic products

Historical renders are exposed to several degradation processes that can lead to a wide range of anomalies,such as scaling, detachments, and pulverization. Among the common anomalies, the loss of cohesion and of adhesion are usually identified as the most difficult to repair; these anomalies still need to be deeply studied to design compatible, durable, and sustainable conservation treatments. The restitution of render cohesion can be achieved using consolidating products. Nevertheless, repair treatments could induce aesthetic alterations, and, therefore, are usually followed by chromatic reintegration. This work aims to study the effectiveness of mineral products as consolidants for lime-based mortars and simultaneously as chromatic treatments for pigmented renders. The studied consolidating products are prepared by mixing air lime,metakaolin, water, and mineral pigments. The idea of these consolidating and coloring products rises from a traditional lime-based technique, the limewash, widely diffused in southern Europe and in the Mediterranean area. Consolidating products were applied and tested on lime-based mortar specimens with a low binder–aggregate ratio and therefore with reduced cohesion. A physico-mechanical, microstructural, and mineralogical characterization was performed on untreated and treated specimens, in order to evaluate the efficacy and durability of the treatments. Accelerated aging tests were also performed to assess consolidant durability, when subjected to aggressive conditions. Results showed that the consolidants tested are compatible, effective, and possess good durability.

Hibridização reversa e sequenciamento na genotipagem do vírus da hepatite C

INTRODUÇÃO: Os métodos de genotipagem do vírus da hepatite C têm sido muito discutidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar as metodologias de hibridização reversa e sequenciamento direto para a genotipagem do vírus da hepatite C. MÉTODOS: Noventa e uma amostras de plasma de pacientes assistidos na Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu da Universidade Estadual Paulista foram utilizadas. A genotipagem por hibridização reversa foi realizada utilizando o kit comercial INNO-LiPA® v.1.0. O sequenciamento direto foi efetuado em sequenciador automático utilizando protocolos in house. RESULTADOS: A genotipagem por sequenciamento direto mostrou-se eficiente na resolução dos resultados inconclusivos pelo kit comercial. O kit mostrou resultados errôneos em relação à subtipagem viral. Além disso, a genotipagem por sequenciamento direto revelou um erro do kit com relação à determinação genotípica questionando a eficiência do método também para a identificação do genótipo viral. CONCLUSÕES: A genotipagem realizada por meio de sequenciamento direto permite uma maior acurácia na classificação viral quando comparada à hibridização reversa.

Cytokine expression in the duodenal mucosa of patients with visceral leishmaniasis

INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease with a complex immune response in different organs. This pattern of organ-specific immune response has never been evaluated in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine the in situ immune response in duodenal biopsies on patients with VL. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on 13 patients with VL in comparison with nine controls. The immune response was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, for CD4, CD8, CD68, IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10. Histological findings from the villi, crypts and inflammatory process were analyzed. RESULTS: All the cases of VL presented Leishmania antigens. No antigen was detected in the control group. The villus size was greater in the VL patients (p < 0.05). CD68 (macrophages) and CD4 levels were higher in the VL patients (p < 0.05). No differences in the expression of CD8, TNF-α, IL-10 or IL-4 were demonstrated. The number of cells expressing IFN-γ was lower in the VL patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of cytokines were found in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with VL. This pattern was not found in other organs affected by the disease. Immunotolerance of this tissue against Leishmania could explain these findings, as occurs with intestinal bacteria.

Rhinocerebral zygomycosis in a diabetic patient

Rhinocerebral zygomycosis is the most frequent form of fungal infection caused by members of the Zygomycetes class. A fatal case of rhinocerebral zygomycosis caused by Rhizopus (oryzae) arrhizus with histopathological and mycological diagnosis is reported in a diabetic patient.

In vitro detection of hepatitis C virus in platelets from uninfected individuals exposed to the virus

IntroductionDespite hepatocytes being the target cells of hepatitis C virus (HCV), viral ribonucleic acid RNA has been detected in other cells, including platelets, which have been described as carriers of the virus in the circulation of infected patients. Platelets do not express cluster differentiation 81 CD81, the main receptor for the virus in hepatocytes, although this receptor protein has been found in megakaryocytes. Still, it is not clear if HCV interacts with platelets directly or if this interaction is a consequence of its association with megakaryocytes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction of HCV with platelets from non-infected individuals, after in vitro exposure to the virus.MethodsPlatelets obtained from 50 blood donors not infected by HCV were incubated in vitro at 37°C for 48h with serum containing 100,000IU∕mL of genotype 1 HCV. After incubation, RNA extracted from the platelets was assayed for the presence of HCV by reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR.ResultsAfter incubation in the presence of virus, all samples of platelets showed HCV RNA.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that, in vitro, the virus interacts with platelets despite the absence of the receptor CD81, suggesting that other molecules could be involved in this association.