Políticas de logística y movilidad para el desarrollo sostenible y la integración regional: marco conceptual y experiencia regional

El presente Boletín FAL resume los principales hallazgos y propuestas del documento “Políticas Nacionales de logística y movilidad para el desarrollo sostenible y la integración regional” publicado recientemente por la División de Recursos Naturales e Infraestructura (DRNI) de CEPAL. En él se presenta una propuesta hacia un cambio de paradigma para la formulación de políticas nacionales de logística y movilidad, con pautas comunes para los países de América Latina y el Caribe.

Logistics and mobility policies for sustainable development and regional integration: conceptual framework and regional experiences

This FAL Bulletin summarizes the main findings and proposals contained in the document “Políticas de logística y movilidad para el desarrollo sostenible y la integración regional”, recently published by the Natural Resources and Infrastructure Division (NRID), ECLAC. It contains a proposal for a paradigm shift in the formulation of national logistics and mobility policies, with common guidelines for Latin American and Caribbean countries.

O impacto das tecnologias da informação e comunicação na localização dos serviços bancários e sua relação com a estrutura intraurbana da Região Metropolitana de Belém

Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória sobre a relação entre novas tecnologias da comunicação e informação (TICs), serviços bancários e estrutura intraurbana, mediante a análise das transformações observadas nesses serviços nas três últimas décadas e na distribuição espacial de seus canais de atendimento na Região Metropolitana de Belém (RMB). A partir de análises conceituais sobre as novas TICs, são abordadas as relações que vêm sendo estabelecidas entre essas tecnologias e o espaço urbano, situando os serviços bancários no contexto das transformações por elas induzidas e analisando-as em relação ao Brasil. Entre os trabalhos que discutem a estrutura do espaço urbano, não foram identificados estudos abordando especificamente os reflexos das TICs sobre esse espaço; tampouco foram identificadas análises sobre o processo de estruturação intraurbana da RMB. Buscou-se apoio em teorias de localização da firma bancária em espaço intraurbano, busca que também resultou infrutífera. Decidiu-se desenvolver uma pesquisa empírica a partir dos endereços dos canais de atendimento em duas etapas: a que trata das agências no período de 1980 a 2010 e a que abrange todos os canais de atendimento no ano de 2010. A análise dos mapas, gráficos e tabelas, elaborados a partir desses endereços, permitiu concluir que as novas TICs possibilitaram o incremento quantitativo e qualitativo dos serviços bancários, bem como a diversificação dos canais de atendimento, destacando-se o acesso virtual aos serviços. Constatou-se que a localização espacial dos pontos de atendimento bancário sofreu um significativo processo de descentralização e, por meio dos Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) e dos correspondentes bancários, alcançou as áreas de comércio e serviços de bairro, onde se acham predominantemente localizados, em detrimento das subcentralidades identificadas. São questionadas as repercussões da desnecessidade do deslocamento para o processo de estruturação do espaço intraurbano das metrópoles brasileiras e apontados desdobramentos para pesquisas futuras.

Verbos em movimento em inglês: uma proposta de descrição e ensino por meio do modelo de integração conceptual

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Integração conceptual na descrição de fenômenos gramaticais do português

Functional grammar currently has a great acceptance in linguistics, mainly because it can enlighten grammatical facts' motivation in the structure of a text. From its emergence, the tradition of studying grammar by grammar has come to an end. Demonstrative pronouns, for instance, have begun to be viewed as efficient tools of text cohesion, used to resume terms from previous clauses. This task, however, ends up leaving an endless trail of black boxes. How is it possible to explain the origin of demonstratives' anaphoric functioning if they are originally used to indicate things or people relative to the interlocutors' spatial position? This work aims at showing that Cognitive Linguistics arises just as an option for opening those black boxes. This article focuses on one of its themes - the conceptual blending theory - to support this possibility. Firstly, it was necessary to integrate the cognitive model into the complexity theory, according to Bybee (2010) and Castilho (2009), who understand language as a complex adaptive system. After that, a brief updated description on the conceptual blending theory is made and its application in some grammatical facts of the Brazilian Portuguese language is suggested under the morphological and syntactic levels.

Unsupervised manifold learning using Reciprocal kNN Graphs in image re-ranking and rank aggregation tasks

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Translation and cultural adaptation of Brazilian Detailed Assessment of Speed of Handwriting: conceptual and semantic equivalence

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The Automatic Mapping of Princeton WordNet Lexical-Conceptual Relations onto the Brazilian Portuguese WordNet Database

Princeton WordNet (WN.Pr) lexical database has motivated efficient compilations of bulky relational lexicons since its inception in the 1980's. The EuroWordNet project, the first multilingual initiative built upon WN.Pr, opened up ways of building individual wordnets, and interrelating them by means of the so-called Inter-Lingual-Index, an unstructured list of the WN.Pr synsets. Other important initiative, relying on a slightly different method of building multilingual wordnets, is the MultiWordNet project, where the key strategy is building language specific wordnets keeping as much as possible of the semantic relations available in the WN.Pr. This paper, in particular, stresses that the additional advantage of using WN.Pr lexical database as a resource for building wordnets for other languages is to explore possibilities of implementing an automatic procedure to map the WN.Pr conceptual relations as hyponymy, co-hyponymy, troponymy, meronymy, cause, and entailment onto the lexical database of the wordnet under construction, a viable possibility, for those are language-independent relations that hold between lexicalized concepts, not between lexical units. Accordingly, combining methods from both initiatives, this paper presents the ongoing implementation of the WN.Br lexical database and the aforementioned automation procedure illustrated with a sample of the automatic encoding of the hyponymy and co-hyponymy relations.

Problematização no ensino de tópicos do eletromagnetismo por meio das etapas da psicanálise bachelardiana

The aim of this paper is to discuss the problematization in Physics Teaching subsidized by a methodology based on the steps of the process of psychoanalysis proposed by Santos (1998) and based in Bachelard’s epistemology. The work was developed and applied in extracurricular course and it was investigated at conceptions of students of the degree in Physics from Unesp-Bauru about the topics of the electromagnetism. The data were categorized into level of complexity and showed in tables and graphs. The results allowed us to infer the conceptual or epistemological profiles of the sample investigated.

Is global workspace a cartesian theater? How the neuro-astroglial interaction model solves conceptual issues

The Global Workspace Theory (GWT) proposed by Bernard Baars (1988) along with Daniel Dennett’s (1991) Multiple Drafts Model (MDM) of consciousness are renowned cognitive theories of consciousness bearing similarities and differences. Although Dennett displays sympathy for GWT, his own MDM does not seem to be fully compatible with it. This work discusses this compatibility, by asking if GWT suffers from Daniel Dennett’s criticism of what he calls a “Cartesian Theater”. We identified in Dennett 10 requirements for avoiding the Cartesian Theater. We believe that some of these requirements are violated by GWT, but not all, hence there is partial incompatibility with MDM, and it is nonsense to answer if GWT is or is not a Cartesian Theater. However, by asking such question we conclude that the issues around this discussion involve fuzzy claims about degrees of consciousness and we show how the Neuro-Astroglial Interaction Model (NAIM) is fit for solving such conceptual issues.

Mathematical Communication, Conceptual Understanding, and Students' Attitudes Toward Mathematics

This action research study of my 8th grade classroom investigated the use of mathematical communication, through oral homework presentations and written journals entries, and its impact on conceptual understanding of mathematics. This change in expectation and its impact on students’ attitudes towards mathematics was also investigated. Challenging my students to communicate mathematics both orally and in writing deepened the students’ understanding of the mathematics. Levels of understanding deepened when a variety of instructional methods were presented and discussed where students could comprehend the ideas that best suited their learning styles. Increased understanding occurred through probing questions causing students to reflect on their learning and reevaluate their reasoning. This transpired when students were expected to write more than one draft to math journals. By making students aware of their understanding through communicating orally and in writing, students realized that true understanding did not come from mere homework completion, but from evaluating and assessing their own and other’s ideas and reasoning. I discovered that when students were challenged to communicate their reasoning both orally and in writing, students enjoyed math more and thought math was more fun. As a result of this research, I will continue to require students to communicate their thinking and reasoning both orally and in writing.

Discriminating Different Classes of Biological Networks by Analyzing the Graphs Spectra Distribution

The brain's structural and functional systems, protein-protein interaction, and gene networks are examples of biological systems that share some features of complex networks, such as highly connected nodes, modularity, and small-world topology. Recent studies indicate that some pathologies present topological network alterations relative to norms seen in the general population. Therefore, methods to discriminate the processes that generate the different classes of networks (e. g., normal and disease) might be crucial for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of the disease. It is known that several topological properties of a network (graph) can be described by the distribution of the spectrum of its adjacency matrix. Moreover, large networks generated by the same random process have the same spectrum distribution, allowing us to use it as a "fingerprint". Based on this relationship, we introduce and propose the entropy of a graph spectrum to measure the "uncertainty" of a random graph and the Kullback-Leibler and Jensen-Shannon divergences between graph spectra to compare networks. We also introduce general methods for model selection and network model parameter estimation, as well as a statistical procedure to test the nullity of divergence between two classes of complex networks. Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed methods by applying them to (1) protein-protein interaction networks of different species and (2) on networks derived from children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and typically developing children. We conclude that scale-free networks best describe all the protein-protein interactions. Also, we show that our proposed measures succeeded in the identification of topological changes in the network while other commonly used measures (number of edges, clustering coefficient, average path length) failed.