998 resultados para BEL13-007


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A novel heteropoly tungstophosphates, H-8[P4W14O58Na4(H2O)(20)] . 16H(2)O, was synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum and single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. The thermal stability of the compound was investigated by using TG-DTA. The crystal is triclinic system with space group P (1) over bar, a = 1. 137 9(2) nm, b=1. 363 2(3) nm, c=1. 627 1(3) nm; alpha=78. 20(3)degrees, beta=71, 20(3)degrees, gamma= 71. 62(3)degrees; V = 2. 252 5(8) nm(3), Z=1, M-r= 4 374. 38, D-c = 3. 225 mg/cm(3), mu = 18. 007 mm(-1), F(000)=1 972, R=0. 074 2, R-w=0. 200 4. The result of structure analysis shows that the anion of the compound consists of two PW7O29Na2(H2O)(10) subunits and two linked phosphorous atoms. A kind of microporous with size of 0. 661 4 nm X 0. 318 9 nm was formed in the crystal structure.

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东北长白山白眉蝮蛇(Agkistrodon blom hoffii Ussurensis)蛇毒经DEAE-Sephadex A-50离子交换层析柱,连续3步Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤柱得到了磷脂酶A2(PLA2)的纯品。SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)以及基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时质谱(MALDI/TOF/MS)表征为单一蛋白,其准确分子量为(14.008±0.007)kD。最适PH范围8.0~9.0,最适的反应温度为45℃。在溶液中有多聚体的存在。

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Lysozyme functions as a crucial biodefence effector against the infection of bacterial pathogens in innate immunity. The nucleotide sequence polymorphisms in promoter region of a nuclear goose type lysozyme gene from Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri (designated as CFLysG) were investigated to explore their association with susceptibility/resistance to Listonella anguillarum infection. Eight sites of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two sites of insert-deletion (ins-del) polymorphisms were identified in the promoter region of CFLysG. Two of them, -753 TATCTCGATCAGG ins-del polymorphism and -391 A-G SNP were selected to analyze their distribution in the susceptible and resistant stocks, which were identified according to the survival time after L. anguillarum challenge. Using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), two genotypes were found at each site, which were ins/del and ins/ins at locus -753, and A/A and A/G at locus -391, respectively. The -753 ins/del genotype was more prevalent in the resistant stock than that in the susceptible stock, 30% vs 16.67% in frequency, but there was no significant difference in the frequency distribution between these two stocks (P=0.15). In contrast, the frequency of -391A/G genotype in the resistant stock was significantly higher (30%) than that in the susceptible stock (7.14%) (P=0.007), indicating a significant association with the resistance of Zhikong scallop to L anguillarum. To confirm the presumption, another independent challenge experiment was performed, in which the cumulative mortality of scallops with -391 A/A genotype (96.8%) was significantly higher than those with -391 A/G genotype (64.5%) (P=0.001), which further validate the association between -391 A/G genotype and the resistance of Zhikong scallop to L anguillarum. These results suggested that the -391 A/G could be a potential marker applied in future selection of Zhikong scallop with enhanced resistance to L anguillarum. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)是我国北方地区主要的养殖贝类之一,曾为沿海各省带来巨大的经济效益。但自1997年以来,陆续爆发的病害问题给扇贝养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失,严重影响了该产业的健康发展。目前认为培育抗病性强的扇贝优良品种是解决病害问题的根本途径。由于传统的育种方法费时费力,无法满足对良种的迫切需求,因此有必要通过分子手段加快抗病品种的培育步伐。标记辅助育种(marker assisted selection,MAS)是成功应用于动物育种中的分子手段之一,但由于缺乏与抗病性状相关的标记,MAS目前还无法在软体动物中得到应用。因此,寻找与抗病性状相关的分子标记是在软体动物中发展MAS的关键。 本研究利用鳗弧菌(Listonella anguillarum)对栉孔扇贝进行攻毒感染实验,初步得到敏感群体和抗病群体后采用PCR、PCR-RFLP、Bi-PASA PCR等方法研究了CfLysG、CfC1qDC和CfLITAF基因多态性及其与栉孔扇贝对鳗弧菌抗性的关系。 研究发现,栉孔扇贝CfLysG的基因序列中共有104个单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点和29个插入/缺失(I/D)多态性位点。有17个多态性位点位于启动子区域,选择其中的-753 I/D、-391A/G和-284I/D多态性进行检测,发现这三个位点的基因型在敏感群体和抗病群体中的分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P>0.05)。其中-753 ID基因型和-284 ID基因在抗病群体中的频率高于在敏感群体中的频率,但两者之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。-391 AG基因型在抗病群体中的频率显著高于敏感群体(P=0.007),表明-391 AG基因型与栉孔扇贝对鳗弧菌的抗性显著相关。为验证这一相关性,对-391位点不同基因型的扇贝进行攻毒感染实验。统计发现,具有-391 AA基因型的扇贝累计死亡率显著高于具有-391 AG基因型的扇贝(P=0.001),进一步证实了CfLysG基因-391 AG基因型与栉孔扇贝对鳗弧菌的抗性显著相关。CfLysG基因的外显子共有3处SNP,其中仅第三外显子上的+3473 A/C为非同义突变。统计分析表明,+3473位点不同基因型在敏感群体中的分布频率符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P>0.05),而在抗病群体中则偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P<0.01)。+3473 AA基因型在抗病群体中的频率显著高于在敏感群体中的频率(P=0.022),表明+3473 AA基因型与栉孔扇贝对鳗弧菌的抗性显著相关。CfLysG基因第1内含子存在+96 I/D和+487 I/D两处大片段的I/D多态性。统计发现,这两个位点的基因型在敏感群体和抗病群体中的分布频率均符合Hardy-Weinberg 平衡(P>0.05)。其中+96 DD基因型和+487 ID基因型在抗病群体中的频率均略高于在敏感群体中的频率,但两者之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。表明这两个位点的多态性与栉孔扇贝对鳗弧菌的抗性无显著相关性。对CfLysG基因各多态性位点的统计分析表明,各位点之间存在不同程度的连锁不平衡,提示有单体型的存在。对19种频率>1%的单体型在敏感群体及抗病群体中的频率进行分析,发现-753 I/-391 G/-284 I/+96 I/+487 D/+3473 A单体型在抗病群体中的频率显著高于敏感群体(P=0.044),表明该单体型与栉孔扇贝对鳗弧菌的抗性显著相关。 在栉孔扇贝CfC1qDC基因cDNA序列上共发现14处SNP。对+423 T/C多态性与栉孔扇贝对鳗弧菌抗性的关系进行了分析。统计发现,+423位点各基因型在敏感群体和抗病群体中的分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P>0.05)。+423 TT基因型在抗病群体中的频率显著高于在敏感群体中的频率(P=0.005),表明+423 TT基因型与栉孔扇贝对鳗弧菌的抗性显著相关。 在栉孔扇贝CfLITAF基因cDNA序列中共发现3处SNP及1处I/D多态性。对+145 I/D多态性进行研究,发现所有敏感个体及抗病个体中均同时存在+145 位点所有等位基因,表明+145位点多态性与栉孔扇贝对鳗弧菌的抗性不相关。 以上研究表明,栉孔扇贝CfLysG基因-391 AG基因型、+3473 AA基因型、-753 I/-391 G/-284 I/+96 I/+487 D/+3473 A单体型以及CfC1qDC基因+423 TT基因型与栉孔扇贝对鳗弧菌的抗性显著相关,提示它们可作为与栉孔扇贝抗病相关的候选分子标记应用于贝类抗病育种中,为贝类的标记辅助育种提供参考。此外,抗病相关分子标记的发现还有利于加深对扇贝发病机理的理解,并有助于发掘预防及治疗贝类疾病的新方法。

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利用AFLP标记对海带在太平洋西北沿岸的6个主要栽培品系和6个野生地理隔离种群进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。通过10对选择性引物总共检测到547个位点。在品系和种群水平,多态性位点比例(P),基因多样性(H)和香农指数(I)在大连野生种群中最高(P: 59.05%; H: 0.2057; I: 0.3062),而在连江栽培品系中最低(P: 9.87%; H: 0.0331; I: 0.0497)。在物种水平(即对所有品系和种群来说),P, H 和I 的值分别是85.01%,0.1948和0.3096。以个体间的相似系数(Dice)和种群间的遗传距离为基础,用非加权类平均法(UPGMA)分别构建个体和种群间的系统树图。AMOVA分析显示,大部分的遗传变异(60.21%)存在于品系和种群间,少部分(39.79%)存在于品系或种群内。遗传分化系数GST的值是0.6226,与FST的值(0.6021)非常接近,基因流(Nm)的值是0.1515,这三个值表明种群(品系)间存在高度的遗传分化。Mantel检验发现6个野生种群的遗传距离或遗传分化与地理距离呈正相关性(相关系数分别是r=0.8870, P=0.007 和 r=0.7962, P=0.011),符合“距离隔离(isolation by distance, IBD)”模型。总体来说,种群(品系)内的遗传多样性处于低到中等水平(大连种群除外),而它们之间的遗传分化程度非常高。 用AFLP和微卫星标记对裙带菜配子体克隆单一交配组合的孢子体后代的遗传一致性进行分析。在这项研究中,建立了2个配子体克隆单一交配系(M1和M2),2个自交系(S1和S2)并采集1个野生种群(W)。11组AFLP引物总共检测到318个位点。M1, M2, S1, S2 和W的多态性位点比例分别是4.7%,0.3%,17.9%,16.4%和36.5%。M1和M2个体间的遗传相似度(95.6-100%)要高于S1和S2(87.7-98.4%)以及W(81.5-92.1%)。在微卫星分析中,用了6个位点。M1在其中的5个位点基因型一致,而在Up-AC-2B2位点显示出不同的基因型。M2在所有6个微卫星位点的基因型都一致。而S1, S2和W都在2个以上的位点检测到不同的基因型。总之,AFLP与微卫星的分析结果一致,即配子体克隆单一交配组合的孢子体后代呈现高度遗传相似性,但也存在细微的差异。 对中国羊栖菜主产区浙江省洞头县的12个羊栖菜养殖品系的重要形态特征进行了比较研究,并利用AFLP技术对一个典型养殖种群的遗传多样性进行了分析。结果显示,这12个品系在全长、全湿质量、侧枝长、侧枝湿质量、侧枝密度等方面存在显著或极显著差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。8组AFLP引物在这个典型养殖种群中扩增出198个片段,其中多态性片段为166个,多态性位点比例为83.8%。根据个体间的遗传距离,以UPGMA法构建了个体间的系统树图,27个羊栖菜个体聚为一枝,作为对照的铜藻为另一枝。本研究从形态和DNA分子水平说明了浙江洞头羊栖菜养殖种群具有高度遗传多样性。

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本论文选取4株胶州湾海洋放线菌和4株条斑紫菜丝状体相关丝状真菌,进行了次级代谢产物的分离纯化与鉴定,共得到78个单体化合物,其中10个为新颖结构。对部分纯化合物进行了抑菌,抗肿瘤活性测试,并对菌株进行了菌种鉴定。具体结果如下: 从胶州湾放线菌M491,M097,M361和M353得到40个单体化合物,其中6个为新颖结构化合物。从M491分离到14个单体化合物,包括2个新结构倍半萜15-hydroxy-T-muurolol (1a)和11,15-dihydroxy-T-muurolol (1b),2个首次报道的微生物来源的倍半萜T-muurolol (2b)和3α-hydroxy-T-muurolol (2c),2个新颖结构大环内酯chalcomycin C (7)和chalcomycin D (8)。制备了3-oxo-T-muurolol (2a)单晶体,纠正了前人发表的错误结构。从M353分离得到10个化合物,包括2个新颖倍半萜5-hydroxy-epi-isozizaene (28)和5,14-dihydroxy-isozizaene (30)。自M097和M361分别分离得到12个,4个已知结构化合物。 从健康条斑紫菜丝状体分离得到了12株真菌。从优势附生菌N5分离得到了12个化合物,包括phenylacetic acid (42),p-hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol (43)和L-β-phenyllactic acid (49)等广谱抗生素和紫菜生长调节剂。 对分离自白斑病条斑紫菜丝状体真菌N27,EF8,GA4进行了次级代谢产物研究,分离得到38个单体化合物。从GA4分离得到了16个化合物,4个为新结构化合物,包括1个酰脲类化合物hualyzin (62)和3个phenalenone族新化合物7-methyl isonorherqueinone (69),7,8-dimethyl atrovenetin (70)和8-methyl-deoxyherqueinone (73)。从真菌N27和EF8分别分离得到12个和2个已知结构化合物。 采用MTT法,对37株人体肿瘤细胞株活性表明:chalcomycin C (7)和chalcomycin D (8)具有非常强的细胞毒活性,其平均IC50分别为0.027 μg/mL和0.007 μg/mL。7,8-Dimethyl atrovenetin (71)和8-methyl deoxyherqueinone (73)具有中等细胞毒活性,其平均IC50分别为5.1 μg/mL和0.7 μg/mL。 此外,本文首次报道了几个已知化合物的细胞毒活性,分别是chalcomycin (0.015 μg/mL),kalamycin (0.06 µg/mL),(+)-homononactic acid(1.9 µg/mL),(+)-nonactic acid(2.3 µg/mL),griseoviridin(3.9 µg/mL),cyclo(L-Trp-L-Phe)(3.3 µg/mL),WIN 64821(5.8 µg/mL)和3,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone(3.3 µg/mL)。 菌种鉴定结果表明:M353归属链霉菌,GA4,N27归属青霉属,EF8归属曲霉属,N5为枝孢霉属。

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温度跃层是反映海洋温度场的重要物理特性指标,对水下通讯、潜艇活动及渔业养殖、捕捞等有重要影响。本文利用中国科学院海洋研究所“中国海洋科学数据库”在中国近海及西北太平洋(110ºE-140ºE,10ºN-40ºN)的多年历史资料(1930-2002年,510143站次),基于一种改进的温跃层判定方法,分析了该海域温跃层特征量的时空分布状况。同时利用Princeton Ocean Model(POM),对中国近海,特别是东南沿海的水文结构进行了模拟,研究了海洋水文环境对逆温跃层的影响。最后根据历史海温观测资料,利用EOF分解统计技术,提出了一种适于我国近海及毗邻海域,基于现场有限层实测海温数据,快速重构海洋水温垂直结构的统计预报方法,以达到对现场温跃层的快速估计。 历史资料分析结果表明,受太阳辐射和风应力的影响,20°N以北研究海域,温跃层季节变化明显,夏季温跃层最浅、最强,冬季相反,温跃层厚度的相位明显滞后于其他变量,其在春季最薄、秋季最厚。12月份到翌年3月份,渤、黄及东海西岸,呈无跃层结构,西北太平洋部分海域从1月到3月份,也基本无跃层结构。在黄海西和东岸以及台湾海峡附近的浅滩海域,由于风力搅拌和潮混合作用,温跃层出现概率常年较低。夏季,海水层化现象在近海陆架海域得到了加强,陆架海域温跃层强度季节性变化幅度(0.31°C/m)明显大于深水区(约0.05°C/m),而前者温跃层深度和厚度的季节性变化幅度小于后者。20°N以南研究海域,温跃层季节变化不明显。逆温跃层主要出现在冬、春季节(10月-翌年5月)。受长江冲淡水和台湾暖流的影响,东南沿海区域逆温跃层持续时间最长,出现概率最大,而在山东半岛北及东沿岸、朝鲜半岛西及北岸,逆温跃层消长过程似乎和黄海暖流有关。多温跃层结构常年出现于北赤道流及对马暖流区。在黑潮入侵黄、东、南海的区域,多温跃层呈现明显不同的季节变化。在黄海中部,春季多温跃层发生概率高于夏季和秋季,在东海西部,多跃层主要出现在夏季,在南海北部,冬季和春季多温跃层发生概率大于夏季和秋季。这些变化可能主要受海表面温度变化和风力驱动的表层流的影响。 利用Princeton Ocean Model(POM),对中国东南沿海逆温跃层结构进行了模拟,模拟结果显示,长江冲淡水的季节性变化以及夏季转向与实际结果符合较好,基本再现了渤、黄、东海海域主要的环流、温盐场以及逆温跃层的分布特征和季节变化。通过数值实验发现,若无长江、黄河淡水输入,则在整个研究海域基本无逆温跃层出现,因此陆源淡水可能是河口附近逆温跃层出现的基本因素之一。长江以及暖流(黑潮和台湾暖流)流量的增加,均可在不同程度上使逆温跃层出现概率及强度、深度和厚度增加,且暖流的影响更加明显。长江对东南沿海逆温跃层的出现,特别是秋季到冬季初期,有明显的影响,使长江口海域逆温跃层位置偏向东南。暖流对于中国东南沿海的逆温跃层结构,特别是初春时期,有较大影响,使长江口海域的逆温跃层位置向东北偏移。 通过对温跃层长期变化分析得出,黄海冷水团区域,夏季温跃层强度存在3.8年左右的年际变化及18.9年左右的年代际变化,此变化可能主要表现为对当年夏季和前冬东亚地区大气气温的热力响应。东海冷涡区域,夏季温跃层强度存在3.7年的年际变化,在El Nino年为正的强度异常,其可能主要受局地气旋式大气环流变异所影响。谱分析同时表明,该海域夏季温跃层强度还存在33.2年的年代际变化,上世纪70年代中期,温跃层强度由弱转强,而此变化可能与黑潮流量的年代际变化有关。 海洋水温垂直结构的统计预报结果显示,EOF分解的前四个主分量即能够解释原空间点温度距平总方差的95%以上,以海洋表层附近观测资料求解的特征系数推断温度垂直结构分布的结果最稳定。利用东海陆架区、南海深水区和台湾周边海域三个不同区域的实测CTD样本廓线资料,对重构模型的检验结果表明,重构与实测廓线的相关程度超过95%的置信水平。三个区重构与实测温度廓线值的平均误差分别为0.69℃,0.52℃,1.18℃,平均重构廓线误差小于平均气候偏差,统计模式可以很好的估算温度廓线垂直结构。东海陆架海区温度垂直重构廓线与CTD观测廓线获得的温跃层结果对比表明,重构温跃层上界、下界深度和强度的平均绝对误差分别为1.51m、1.36m和0.17℃/m,它们的平均相对误差分别为24.7%、8.9%和22.6%,虽然温跃层深度和强度的平均相对误差较大,但其绝对误差量值较小。而在南海海区,模型重构温跃层上界、下界和强度的平均绝对预报误差分别为4.1m、27.7m和0.007℃/m,它们的平均相对误差分别为16.1%、16.8%和9.5%,重构温跃层各特征值的平均相对误差都在20%以内。虽然南海区温跃层下界深度平均绝对预报误差较大,但相对于温跃层下界深度的空间尺度变化而言(平均温跃层下界深度为168m),平均相对误差仅为16.8%。因此说模型重构的温度廓线可以达到对我国陆架海域、深水区温跃层的较好估算。 基于对历史水文温度廓线观测资料的分析及自主温跃层统计预报模型,研制了实时可利用微机简单、快捷地进行温跃层估算及查询的可视化系统,这是迄今进行大范围海域温跃层统计与实时预报研究的较系统成果。

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Reproduction and chromosome inheritance in triploid Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg) were studied in diploid female x triploid male (DT) and reciprocal (TD) crosses. Relative fecundity of triploid females was 13.4% of normal diploids. Cumulative survival from fertilized eggs to spat stage was 0.007% for DT crosses and 0.314% for TD crosses. Chromosome number analysis was conducted on surviving progeny from DT and TD crosses at 1 and 4 years of age. At Year 1, oysters from DT crosses consisted of 15% diploids (2n = 20) and 85% aneuploids. In contrast, oysters from TD crosses consisted of 57.2% diploids, 30.9% triploids (3n = 30) and only 11.9% aneuploids, suggesting that triploid females produced more euploid gametes and viable progeny than triploid males. Viable aneuploid chromosome numbers included 2n + 1, 2n + 2, 2n + 3, 3n - 2 and 3n - 1. There was little change over time in the overall frequency of diploids, triploids and aneuploids. Among aneuploids, oysters with 2n + 3 and 3n-2 chromosomes were observed at Year 1, but absent at Year 4. Triploid progeny were significantly larger than diploids by 79% in whole body weight and 98% in meat weight at 4 years of age. Aneuploids were significantly smaller than normal diploids. This study suggests that triploid Pacific oyster is not completely sterile and cannot offer complete containment of cultured populations.

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本文从企业生产管理信息系统的现状出发,详细分析了现有信息系统在生产计划管理、生产过程跟踪和系统软件结构方面存在的问题。在此基础上,进一步分析了未来企业对制造信息系统的需求及表现形式,并从信息技术角度研究了构件技术在未来企业制造管理信息系统中的作用,建立了构件技术特征与制造信息系统技术特征之间的映射关系,提出了为实现构件化信息系统所要解决的一些技术问题。

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本文阐述了采用Internet/Intranet技术和利用ASP实现数据的动态发布技术以及基于分布网络环境下的异地设计与制造技术,设计了基于web的支持机器人异地设计制造的市场客户管理系统,从而探讨了Browser/Server结构的数据库发布系统的设计方法。

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在介绍CIM/CIMS在我国取得的重大进展的基础上,探讨了CIMS推广应用过程中存在的问题,分析了原因并介绍了解决问题的几点经验.

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This paper builds the model of oil accumulation and achieves the prediction of exploration goal. It uses multiple subject means, the ways of synthetic research and the viewpoint of analyzing genesis, with the academic guidance of sedimentology, structural geology, petroleum geology and geochemistry, the basis of strata sequence frame and structural frame, the frame of "four history" - the burying history, the structural history, the filling history and the evolving history of oil, the masterstroke of hydrocarbon's generation, migration and accumulation, the aim of revealing the genetic relation between mature source rock and oil reservoir in space and time. Some achievements and viewpoints in this study are following. 1. It is proposed that the structural evolution in this area had many periods, and the structural movement of the Xiazijie group telophase formed the structural pattern for the first time. 2. The character of strata sequence in this area is divided by the character of episodic cycle firstly. The study of dividing the facies of single well and the facies of well tie is based on the data of single well. The character of sedimentary facies is con-structed initially. 3. It is believed that Jiamuhe group is the main source rock, which can supply considerable oil and gas resources for the first time. Some criterions of source rock such as the type ,the abundance in Jiamuhe group are analysed. Using the thermal history of source rock, we drawn a conclusion that the original type of source rock in Jiamuhe group is II_1-III, and the abundance achived the level of good source rock, and this set of source rock had contributed to this area. 4. The reservoir strata in this area are assessed and analysed with the reservoir evaluation. There are multi-type reservoirs, such as volcanic lava facies, sedimentary clast facies, continental belch facies. The physical property in reservoir strata is characterized by low porosity and low permeability. The study of diagenetic stage show that the diageneses in Jiamuhe group is A-Bsubage, and the reservoir room is mainly secondary corroded hollow and cleft. 5. The synthetic research on oil system in Jiamuhe group is made for the first time. The type of petroleum system is divided , and we consider that the petroleum system of Jiamuhe group is at the reliable rank. There are two critical time in oil accumulation through studying the critical time of oil accumulation : the early generation of hydrocarbon is oil, and the later is gas. 6. The mechanism of accumulation is analysed. We consider that the accu-mulation of oil in this area has many periods, and the early generated hydrocarbon is expeled by the later , and formed the character of zonal distribution in planar. 7. A bran-new model of oil and gas is proposed. Beneficial enrichment area of oil and gas is analyzed, which can be divided into three sections: Section I can be divided into two sections: I_1 and I_2. The lower subgroup of Jiamuhe is covered by the triassic layer of I_1 section. Fault zone and near the foot wall of fault are charactered with thick phase belt. Then the cover capability in this area is relatively poor, oil can migrate into triassic layer by vertical or lateral migration , and forms I_1 Kelamayi triassic oil pool consequently. The lower subgroup of Jiamuhe is covered by the triassic layer of I_2 section ,which is charactered with thin phase belt. Then the cover capability in this area is relatively good, and forms I_1 Kelamayi triassic oil pool consequently. Section II can be divided into two sections: II_1-I_(I~2). The cover of Jiamuhe group in section II_1 is the low resistivity segment in Wuerhe group, which has thin lithology and poor porosity and permeability. Oil and gas in Jiamuhe group can be covered to form beneficial accumulation area. There are some wells in this area, such as Ke 007 well, 561 well. The thick phase belt layer of Wuerhe high resistivity segment in section II_2 has unconformable relation with Jiamuhe group. The cover ability of the high resistivity segment is poor, petroleum in Jiamuhe can migrate into Wuerhe layer vertically. This area is the beneficial area for accumulating petroleum in Wuerhe layer. there are some wells in this area, such as Ke 75 well, Ke 76 well, Ke 77 well, Ke 78 well, Ke 79 well. Section III can also be divided into two sections: III_1 and III_2. Wuerhe group in section III_1 has unconformable relation with Jiamuhe group. There is thick lithology and poor cover in Wuerhe group, but the strata sequence evolution character of upper subgroup in Jiamuhe group has determined that it has lateral and vertical cover ability. thus, this area is petroleum abundant belt of jiamuhe group, which has the trap. Section III_2 is an area controled by wedgeout of Fengcheng group, Fengcheng group in this area has quite thick lithology so that It has beneficial resevoir phase belt. It can accumulate oil in itself or accept some oil in Jiamuhe group. Jiamuhe group has some oil accumulation condition in this area. Thus, section III_2 is jiamuhe-Fengcheng multiple petroleum accumulation belt, such as Ke 80 well. 8. The goal of exploration is suggested: Depositional trap or combination trap is the important aspect in later exploration. Both types of traps are the goal of the next drilling: Fault block trap in the east of 576 well and the NO. 2 fault block trap in the north of Ke 102 well It is suggested that we should study the law of oil and gas in Jiamuhe group and enhance the study of combination in forming reservoir and trap scale. We do some lithology forecast and reservoir diatropic forecast in order to know the area of oil and gas.

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氮循环是生物地球化学研究领域中最重要的课题之一,全氮含量的测定是农业、生物和环境等多领域研究中的常规测试项目。凯氏蒸馏法和元素分析仪法作为常规方法通用于上述领域的全氮含量测定,但两种方法在实际应用中的差异却常被忽视。通过对中国北方某盐湖沉积物序列近百个样品的全氮含量分析,对两种方法测定结果的异同进行了对比研究。凯氏蒸馏法的分析精密度高于元素分析仪法(前者标准偏差为0.007,后者为0.024),但在样品硝态和亚硝态氮的含量较高时,凯氏蒸馏法所测结果显著低于元素分析仪法的测定结果,此时选择元素分析仪法进行全氮含量的测定更为可靠和准确;对硝态和亚硝态氮含量极低的样品,两种方法的测定结果无显著差异。研究表明,选择全氮含量的测定方法,必须对所测样品的无机氮含量有初步的了解。对于中国北方的多数盐湖和地表环境样品,由于其无机氮的含量较高,选择凯氏蒸馏法进行全氮含量的测定是不适当的。尽管如此,对所研究的湖泊沉积物剖面而言,两种方法的对比却可以提供有价值的气候和环境演变信息。随着沉积物剖面的由深到浅,两种方法的测定结果由一致变化到存在显著差异,表明了湖泊水体从早期的淡水向今天的盐湖演化的过程。因此,凯氏蒸馏法和元素分析仪法测定结果的差异可以作为一种独立的地球化学气候代用指标。

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全氮含量是环境、生物和农业等多领域的常规测试项目.作为全氮含量测定的常规方法,凯氏蒸馏法和元素分析仪法在实际应用中的差异却常被忽视.通过对中国北方盐湖沉积物序列近百个样品的全氮含量分析,我们对两法测定结果的异同进行了对比研究.结果表明,凯氏法的精密度高于分析仪法(前者标准偏差为0.007,后者为0.024),凯氏法和分析仪法测定全氮含量的差异为硝态和亚硝态氮的含量,因此,选择全氮含量的测定方法,必须对所测样品的无机氮含量有初步的了解.对于中国北方的多数盐湖和地表环境样品,由于其无机氮的含量较高,选择凯氏蒸馏法进行全氮含量的测定是不适当的.尽管如此,对我们所研究的湖泊沉积物剖面而言,两种方法的对比却可以提供有价值的气候和环境演变信息.随着沉积物剖面的由深到浅,两种方法的测定结果由一致变化到存在显著差异,表明了湖泊水体从早期的淡水向今天的盐湖演化的过程.因此,凯氏法和元素分析法测定结果的差异可以作为一种独立的地球化学气候代用指标.

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碳酸盐岩的REE含量极低,但最近在贵州一些碳酸盐岩风化表土层底部首次发现了REE的超常富集层,REE总量最高可达近31000μg/g;Ce强烈亏损,δCe值最低达0.007。这种低背景、高富集、强分异的REE富集现象在贵州碳酸盐岩风化壳中具有一定的普遍性。选取发育在下三叠统花溪灰岩和平坝白云岩之上的两个较具代表性的碳酸盐岩风化壳进行研究,结果表明,这种富集现象与碳酸盐岩风化成土的两阶段性密切相关。(1)在残积土形成阶段(风化早期),碳酸盐的快速溶解导致风化前缘形成一个垂直方向相对狭窄、突变的碱性障(pH值为8左右)。此障既能有效地将碳酸盐岩分解释放的REE以及下渗水携带的REE分解沉淀和以吸附于粘土矿物上的方式富集,也容易使Ce^3+氧化成Ce^4+,与HCO3^-形成稳定的可溶性络合物随下渗雨水流走,从而使Ce进一步亏损。(2)残积土演化阶段,轻、重稀土发生明显分异,Ce^3+氧化成Ce^4+并发生水解沉淀,致使下渗水富重稀土而贫Ce,最终使REE在剖面上显示出一般风化壳共有的分异特征。另外,根据对碳酸盐岩中的酸不溶物、可溶性稀土的提取以及质量平衡计算,碳酸盐岩能够提供足够的REE物源;以可溶态为主的赋存状态有利于REE的淋滤(活化)。