Vesistöistä viemäreiksi : vesiensuojelu Suomessa 1945-1970

Pirkko Leino-Kaukiainen

Professori Kauko Pirisen julkaisutoiminta 1989-1995

Mikko Ketola & Hannu Mustakallio

Erosividade das chuvas e sua distribuição entre 1989 e 1998 no município de Lages (SC)

A erosão hídrica resulta da erosividade das chuvas e da erodibilidade dos solos. O conhecimento da erosividade, portanto, torna-se um guia valioso na recomendação de práticas de manejo e conservação do solo que visem à redução da erosão hídrica. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar e quantificar o fator de erosividade das chuvas naturais de Lages (SC), bem como conhecer sua distribuição temporal. A pesquisa foi realizada em 2000, utilizando dados de chuvas e perdas de solo do período entre 1989 e 1998, no Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias de Lages (SC), situado a 27º 49' de latitude Sul e 50º 20' de longitude Oeste, a 937 m de altitude média, na região do Planalto Sul Catarinense. Foram estudados diversos fatores de erosividade, utilizando os métodos de Wischmeier & Smith e de Wagner & Massambani, de 437 chuvas erosivas, num total de 966 chuvas, compreendendo um volume médio anual de 1.301 mm de chuvas erosivas, num total médio anual de 1.549 mm de chuvas. O EI30 é o fator de erosividade (fator R da Equação Universal de Perda de Solo - EUPS) recomendado para Lages, cujo valor médio anual é de 5.790 MJ mm ha-1 h-1; 63 % do qual ocorre na primavera-verão; 76 % no período de setembro a março e, no período crítico, outubro, janeiro e fevereiro, 41 % do referido fator. Considerando o número e o volume das chuvas, 45 e 84 %, respectivamente, são erosivas.

Erodibilidade de um cambissolo húmico alumínico léptico, determinada sob chuva natural entre 1989 e 1998 em Lages (SC)

O fator de erodibilidade do solo (fator K) da Equação Universal de Perda de Solo (EUPS) refere-se à susceptibilidade natural do solo à erosão e representa a quantidade de solo perdida por unidade de erosividade da chuva (fator R), sendo o seu conhecimento importante no planejamento conservacionista. Utilizando dados de perda de solo, obtidos sob condições de chuva natural, em tanques coletores de escoamento superficial, e de erosividade (EI30) das chuvas naturais, no período de 1989 a 1998, em Lages (SC), calculou-se, pelo quociente entre essas variáveis e por regressão linear simples entre elas, o fator de erodibilidade do solo para um Cambissolo Húmico alumínico léptico com 0,102 m m-1 de declividade média. Com este objetivo, foram utilizados valores de erosividade (EI30) de 437 eventos de chuva e de perdas de solo, obtidas em parcelas de 3,5 x 22,1 m desprovidas de vegetação e crosta superficial. O preparo do solo, executado no sentido paralelo ao declive duas vezes ao ano, consistiu de uma aração e duas gradagens. Os valores de erodibilidade médios anuais, estimados pelo quociente e por regressão linear simples entre as perdas de solo e as erosividades, foram de 0,0115 e 0,0151 Mg ha h ha-1 MJ-1 mm-1, respectivamente. Pelos respectivos modos de obtenção, os valores de erodibilidade médios estacionais estimados foram de 0,0105 e 0,0121 Mg ha h ha-1 MJ-1 mm-1, para a primavera-verão, e de 0,0132 e 0,0220 Mg ha h ha-1 MJ-1 mm-1, para o outono-inverno.

Executive Order, June 1, 1945

Officers are appointed on the Staff of the Commander-in-Chief, Iowa National Guard

Executive Order, July 1, 1945

Appointed and commissioned J. Norman Lee of Decorah, Iowa as Lieutenant Colonel on the Staff of the Commander-in-Chief

Crocidura cossyrensis Contoli, 1989 (Mammalia, Soridiae): karyotype, biochemical genetics and hybridization experiments

Crocidura cossyrensis Contoli, 1989 (Mammalia, Soricidae): karyotype, biochemical genetics and hybridization experiments. - The shrew Crocidura cossyrensis Contoli, 1989 from Pantelleria (I), a Mediterranean island 100 km south of Sicily and 70 km west from Tunisia, was investigated in order to understand its origin and its relationship with C. russula from Tunisia, Morocco and Switzerland. With the exception of a single heterozygote centric fusion, C. cossyrensis had a karyotype identical with that of C russula from Tunisia (2N = 42, NF = 70 to 72), but it differed from C russula from Morocco and Switzerland (2N = 42, NF = 60). The former have 5-6 pairs of chromosomes with small arms that are acrocentric in the latter. Genetic comparisons with allozyme data revealed small genetic distance (0.04) between C cossyrensis and C russula from Tunisia. In contrast, this eastern clade (Tunisia and Pantelleria) is separated from the western clade (Switzerland and Morocco) by a genetic distance of 0.14. A hybridization experiment between shrews from Pantelleria and Switzerland lead rapidly to an F1 generation. From 12 F1 hybrids that were backcrossed, females reproduced normally, but none of the males did so. Concluding from the results, C. cossyrensis from Pantelleria and C. russula cf. agilis from Tunisia belong to the same taxon that may have reached the differentiation of a biological species within the C. russula group. More geographic samples are needed to determine the definitive taxonomic positions of these shrews.

Cardiac paraganglioma: diagnostic work up and review of the literature.

Paraganglioma of the heart are potentially invasive, highly vascularized tumors for which complete resection may be curative. Derived from the cardiac wall in most instances, resectability can be assessed after integration of the data provided by MRI in T2 sequence, and coronarography. A fully documented case of a large cardiac pheochromocytoma of the left atrium and AV groove is reported and the pertinent literature on the subject is here presented.

Repeated surgical excision for an unusual variant of nephroblastoma: case report and review of the literature.

Bilateral fetal rhabdomyomatous nephroblastoma is a rare variant of Wilms' Tumor. The authors report the evolution over 48 months of a 10-month-old baby with bilateral nephroblastoma for which a left nephrectomy was initially performed. A right kidney tumor was enucleated preserving the kidney. The transformation of the primary tumor into a completely differentiated cystic nephroblastoma or nephromalike tumor and the appearance of a metachronous lesion was seen. This report emphasizes the role of nephron-sparing surgery in bilateral Wilms' Tumor when a benign transformation occurs under chemotherapy.

Hydrogen sulfide measurement by headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS): application to gaseous samples and gas dissolved in muscle.

The aim of our study was to present a new headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) method applicable to the routine determination of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) concentrations in biological and gaseous samples. The primary analytical drawback of the GC/MS methods for H(2)S measurement discussed in the literature was the absence of a specific H(2)S internal standard required to perform quantification. Although a deuterated hydrogen sulfide (D(2)S) standard is currently available, this standard is not often used because this standard is expensive and is only available in the gas phase. As an alternative approach, D(2)S can be generated in situ by reacting deuterated chloride with sodium sulfide; however, this technique can lead to low recovery yield and potential isotopic fractionation. Therefore, N(2)O was chosen for use as an internal standard. This method allows precise measurements of H(2)S concentrations in biological and gaseous samples. Therefore, a full validation using accuracy profile based on the β-expectation tolerance interval is presented. Finally, this method was applied to quantify H(2)S in an actual case of H(2)S fatal intoxication.