Testate amoebae (thecamoebians) as indicators of aquatic mine impact

The environmental impacts of a single mine often remain local, but acidic and metal-rich acid mine drainage (AMD) from the waste materials may pose a serious threat to adjacent surface waters and their ecosystems. Testate amoebae (thecamoebian) analysis was used together with lake sediment geochemistry to study and evaluate the ecological effects of sulphidic metal mines on aquatic environments. Three different mines were included in the study: Luikonlahti Cu-mine in Kaavi, eastern Finland, Haveri Cu-Au mine in Ylöjärvi, southern Finland and Pyhäsalmi Zn-Cu-S mine in Pyhäjärvi, central Finland. Luikonlahti and Haveri are closed mines, but Pyhäsalmi is still operating. The sampling strategy was case specific, and planned to provide a representative sediment sample series to define natural background conditions, to detect spatial and temporal variations in mine impacts, to evaluate the possible recovery after the peak contamination, and to distinguish the effects of other environmental factors from the mining impacts. In the Haveri case, diatom analyses were performed alongside thecamoebian analysis to evaluate the similarities and differences between the two proxies. The results of the analyses were investigated with multivariate methods (direct and indirect ordinations, diversity and distance measure indices). Finally, the results of each case study were harmonized, pooled, and jointly analyzed to summarize the results for this dissertation. Geochemical results showed broadly similar temporal patterns in each case. Concentrations of ions in the pre-disturbance samples defined the natural baseline against which other results were compared. The beginning of the mining activities had only minor impacts on sediment geochemistry, mainly appearing as an increased clastic input into the lakes at Haveri and Pyhäsalmi. The active mining phase was followed by the metallic contamination and, subsequently, by the most recent change towards decreased but still elevated metal concentrations in the sediments. Because of the delay in the oxidation of waste material and formation of AMD, the most intense, but transient metal contamination phase occurred in the post-mining period at Luikonlahti and Haveri. At Pyhäsalmi, the highest metal contamination preceded effluent mitigation actions. Spatial gradients were observed besides the temporal evolution in both the pre-disturbance and mine-impacted samples from Luikonlahti and Pyhäsalmi. The geochemical gradients varied with distance from the main source of contaminants (dispersion and dilution) and with water depth (redox and pH). The spatial extent of the highest metal contamination associated with these mines remained rather limited. At Haveri, the metallic impact was widespread, with the upstream site in another lake basin found to be contaminated. Changes in thecamoebian assemblages corresponded well with the geochemical results. Despite some differences, the general features and ecological responses of the faunal assemblages were rather similar in each lake. Constantly abundant strains of Difflugia oblonga, Difflugia protaeiformis and centropyxids formed the core of these assemblages. Increasing proportions of Cucurbitella tricuspis towards the surface samples were found in all of the cases. The results affirmed the indicator value of some already known indicator forms, but such as C. tricuspis and higher nutrient levels, but also elicited possible new ones such as D. oblonga ‘spinosa’ and clayey substrate, high conductivity and/or alkalinity, D. protaeiformis ‘multicornis’ and pH, water hardness and the amount of clastic material and Centropyxis constricta ‘aerophila’ and high metal and S concentrations. In each case, eutrophication appeared to be the most important environmental factor, masking the effects of other variables. Faunal responses to high metal inputs in sediments remained minor, but were nevertheless detectable. Besides the trophic state of the lake, numerical methods suggested overall geochemical conditions (pH, redox) to be the most important factor at Luikonlahti, whereas the Haveri results showed the clearest connection between metals and amoebae. At Pyhäsalmi, the strongest relationships were found between Ca- and S-rich present loading, redox conditions and substrate composition. Sediment geochemistry and testate amoeba analysis proved to be a suitable combination of methods to detect and describe the aquatic mine impacts in each specific case, to evaluate recovery and to differentiate between the effects of different anthropogenic and natural environmental factors. It was also suggested that aquatic mine impacts can be significantly mitigated by careful design and after-care of the waste facilities, especially by reducing and preventing AMD. The case-specific approach is nevertheless necessary because of the unique characteristics of each mine and variations in the environmental background conditions.

The Sedimentology, Ichnology and Hydrogeochemistry of the Late Miocene, Marginal Marine, Upper Pebas and Nauta Formations, Amazonian Foreland Basin, Peru

This thesis includes detailed sedimentological and ichnological studies on two geological units: the Pebas Formation, with a special focus in its informal upper member, and the Nauta Formation. Both formations were deposited during the Miocene in Northeastern Peruvian Amazonia, in the Amazon retroarc foreland basin. The Pebas and Nauta successions mainly consist of non-consolidated, clastic sedimentary deposits arranged into sand- to mud-dominated heterolithic successions, which can be upward-coarsening to upward-fining. Sediments in both the Pebas and Nauta successions range from mud to fine- to medium-grained sand. The main facies observed were 1) mud-dominated horizontal heterolithic couplets; 2) rooted brownish mud; 3) lenticular, mud-draped, cross-stratified sand; 4) mud- to sand-dominated, inclined heterolithic stratification; 5) sand-dominated horizontal heterolithic couplets; and 6) mud-draped, trough cross-stratified sand. Locally, tidal rhythmites were documented. The facies are interpreted as: 1) muddy, shallow, subaqueous flats/shoals; 2) palaeosols; 3) secondary tidal channels or run-off creeks; 4) tidally influenced point bars; 5) shoreface deposits; and 6) subtidal compound dunes. Thalassinoides-dominated Glossifungites ichnofacies, low-diversity expressions of the Skolithos ichnofacies and depauperate suites consisting of elements common to the Cruziana ichnofacies strongly indicate brackish-water conditions. However, continental trace fossil assemblages, with possible elements common to the Scoyenia ichnofacies, have also been identified. In addition to the palaeoenvironmental study, a local hydrogeochemical characterisation of the Pebas and Nauta formations was also conducted. The geochemistry of the groundwaters reflects the characteristics and the soil geochemistry of the geological formations studied. The Pebas formation has low hardness, acid to neutral waters, whereas the upper Pebas has high hardness, acid to neutral waters. In both units, the arsenic content is locally high. The Nauta formation has low hardness acid groundwaters. A regional review of the Pebas and Nauta formations placed the local observations into a continental perspective and suggests that the whole Pebas-Nauta system was a probably shallow (some tens of metres at maximum), brackish- to freshwater, tidally-influenced epicontinental embayment with a probable semi-diurnal to mixed tidal regime and a microtidal range, surrounded by continental environments such as forest floors, lagoons, rivers and their flood plains, and lakes.

Taxonomy, species richness and biogeography of Finnish crane flies (Diptera, Tipuloidea).

Biodiversity is unequally spread throughout terrestrial ecosystems. The highest species richness of animals and plants is encountered around the Equator, and naturalists observe a decrease in the number of creatures with increasing latitude. Some animal groups, however, display an anomalous species richness pattern, but these are exceptions to the general rule. Crane flies (Diptera, Tipuloidea) are small to large sized, non-biting nematoceran insects, being mainly associated with moist environments. The species richness of crane flies is highest in the tropics, but these insects are species rich and abundant in all biogeographic realms, boreal and arctic biomes included. The phylogeny and systematics of crane flies are still at an early stage and somewhat controversial. New species are constantly discovered even from temperate Europe, faunistically the best known continent. Crane flies have been rather neglected group of insects in Finland. The history of Finnish crane fly taxonomy and faunistics started in 1907, the year when Carl Lundström published his two first articles on tipuloids. Within roughly 100 years there have been only a handful of entomologists studying the Finnish fauna, and the species richness and natural history of these flies have remained poorly understood and mapped. The aim of this thesis is to clarify the taxonomy of Finnish crane flies, present an updated and annotated list of species and seek patterns in regional species richness and assemblage composition. Tipula stackelbergi Alexander has been revised (I). This species was elevated to a species rank from a subspecific rank under T. pruinosa Wiedemann and T. stackelbergi was also deleted from the list of European crane flies. Two new synonyms were found: T. subpruinosa Mannheims is a junior synonym of T. freyana Lackschewitz and T. usuriensis Alexander is a junior synonym of T. pruinosa. A new species Tipula recondita Pilipenko & Salmela has been described (II). Both morphology and COI (mtDNA) sequences were used in the assessment of the status of the species. The new species is highly disjunct, known from Finland and Russian Far East. A list of Finnish crane flies was presented, including the presence of species in the Finnish biogeographical provinces (III). A total of twenty-four species were formally reported for the first time from Finland and twenty-two previously reported species were deleted from the list. A short historical review on the studies of Finnish crane flies has been provided. The current list of Finnish species consists of 338 crane flies (IV, Appendix I). Species richness of all species and saproxylic/fungivorous species is negatively correlated with latitude, but mire-dwelling species show a reversed species richness gradient (i.e. an increase in the number of species toward north). Provincial assemblages displayed a strong latitudinal gradient and faunistic distance increased with increasing geographical distance apart of the provinces. Nearly half (48 %) of the Finnish crane flies are Trans-Palaearctic, roughly one-third (34 %) are West Palaearctic and only 16 and 2 % are Holarctic and Fennoscandian, respectively. Due to the legacy of Pleistocene glaciations, endemic Fennoscandian species are problematic and it is thus concluded that there are probably no true endemic crane flies in this region. Finally, there are probably species living within Finnish borders that have hitherto remained unnoticed. Based on subjective assessment, the number of “true” (i.e. recorded + unknown species) species count of Finnish crane flies is at minimum 350.

Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in angiosperm communities in the Baltic Sea

The biological variation in nature is called biodiversity. Anthropogenic pressures have led to a loss of biodiversity, alarming scientists as to what consequences declining diversity has for ecosystem functioning. The general consensus is that diversity (e.g. species richness or identity) affects functioning and provides services from which humans benefit. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how aquatic plant species richness and identity affect ecosystem functioning in terms of processes such as primary production, nutrient availability, epifaunal colonization and properties e.g. stability of Zostera marina subjected to shading. The main work was carried out in the field and ranged temporally from weeklong to 3.5 months-long experiments. The experimental plants used frequently co-occur in submerged meadows in the northern Baltic Sea and consist of eelgrass (Z. marina), perfoliate pondweed (Potamogeton perfoliatus), sago pondweed (P. pectinatus), slender-leaved pondweed (P. filiformis) and horned pondweed (Zannichellia palustris). The results showed that plant richness affected epifaunal community variables weakly, but had a strong positive effect on infaunal species number and functional diversity, while plant identity had strong effects on amphipods (Gammarus spp.), of which abundances were higher in plant assemblages consisting of P. perfoliatus. Depending on the starting standardizing unit, plant richness showed varying effects on primary production. In shoot density-standardized plots, plant richness increased the shoot densities of three out of four species and enhanced the plant biomass production. Both positive complementarity and selection effects were found to underpin the positive biodiversity effects. In shoot biomass-standardized plots, richness effects only affected biomass production of one species. Negative selection was prevalent, counteracting positive complementarity, which resulted in no significant biodiversity effect. The stability of Z. marina was affected by plant richness in such that Z. marina growing in polycultures lost proportionally less biomass than Z. marina in monocultures and thus had a higher resistance to shading. Monoculture plants in turn gained biomass faster, and thereby had a faster recovery than Z. marina growing in polycultures. These results indicate that positive interspecific interactions occurred during shading, while the faster recovery of monocultures suggests that the change from shading stress to recovery resulted in a shift from positive interactions to resource competition between species. The results derived from this thesis show that plant diversity affects ecosystem functioning and contribute to the growing knowledge of plant diversity being an important component of aquatic ecosystems. Diverse plant communities sustain higher primary productivity than comparable monocultures, affect faunal communities positively and enhance stability. Richness and identity effects vary, and identity has generally stronger effects on more variables than richness. However, species-rich communities are likely to contain several species with differing effects on functions, which renders species richness important for functioning. Mixed meadows add to coastal ecosystem functioning in the northern Baltic Sea and may provide with services essential for human well-being.

The coastal restinga vegetation of Pará, Brazilian Amazon: a synthesis

The present article reviews studies (some unpublished) of the vegetation of coastal sandy soils (restinga) along the coast of Pará State, northern Brazil. A total of 411 higher plant species are reported; Fabaceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Rubiaceae and Myrtaceae are the most species-rich families. Nearly half of the restinga species (48%) are terrestrial herbs; palms, trees and shrubs account for 39% of the species, the remainder being lianas and epiphytes. Species are frequently wide-spread and occur in coastal areas of Southeastern Brazil as well as at inland sites in the Amazon region. Only two species appear to be exclusively coastal; whereas other species appear to exhibit a preference for sandy soils. Plant assemblages are commonly classified by means of "formations" associated with certain habitats but current data do not allow the description of well-defined plant associations. The species composition at different sites along the Pará coast does not show any clear regional grouping pattern. Seasonal changes in the composition of restinga vegetation are most probably linked to variation in ground water level. Restinga forest is mostly low and open; among the dominant tree species are Humiria balsamifera Aubl., Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk., Anacardium occidentale L., Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth, and Tapirira guianensis Aubl.

Dynamic ecosystems under anthropogenic stress : how does macrotidal sandy fauna respond to green tides?

Highly dynamic systems, often considered as resilient systems, are characterised by abiotic and biotic processes under continuous and strong changes in space and time. Because of this variability, the detection of overlapping anthropogenic stress is challenging. Coastal areas harbour dynamic ecosystems in the form of open sandy beaches, which cover the vast majority of the world’s ice-free coastline. These ecosystems are currently threatened by increasing human-induced pressure, among which mass-development of opportunistic macroalgae (mainly composed of Chlorophyta, so called green tides), resulting from the eutrophication of coastal waters. The ecological impact of opportunistic macroalgal blooms (green tides, and blooms formed by other opportunistic taxa), has long been evaluated within sheltered and non-tidal ecosystems. Little is known, however, on how more dynamic ecosystems, such as open macrotidal sandy beaches, respond to such stress. This thesis assesses the effects of anthropogenic stress on the structure and the functioning of highly dynamic ecosystems using sandy beaches impacted by green tides as a study case. The thesis is based on four field studies, which analyse natural sandy sediment benthic community dynamics over several temporal (from month to multi-year) and spatial (from local to regional) scales. In this thesis, I report long-lasting responses of sandy beach benthic invertebrate communities to green tides, across thousands of kilometres and over seven years; and highlight more pronounced responses of zoobenthos living in exposed sandy beaches compared to semi-exposed sands. Within exposed sandy sediments, and across a vertical scale (from inshore to nearshore sandy habitats), I also demonstrate that the effects of the presence of algal mats on intertidal benthic invertebrate communities is more pronounced than that on subtidal benthic invertebrate assemblages, but also than on flatfish communities. Focussing on small-scale variations in the most affected faunal group (i.e. benthic invertebrates living at low shore), this thesis reveals a decrease in overall beta-diversity along a eutrophication-gradient manifested in the form of green tides, as well as the increasing importance of biological variables in explaining ecological variability of sandy beach macrobenthic assemblages along the same gradient. To illustrate the processes associated with the structural shifts observed where green tides occurred, I investigated the effects of high biomasses of opportunistic macroalgae (Ulva spp.) on the trophic structure and functioning of sandy beaches. This work reveals a progressive simplification of sandy beach food web structure and a modification of energy pathways over time, through direct and indirect effects of Ulva mats on several trophic levels. Through this thesis I demonstrate that highly dynamic systems respond differently (e.g. shift in δ13C, not in δ15N) and more subtly (e.g. no mass-mortality in benthos was found) to anthropogenic stress compared to what has been previously shown within more sheltered and non-tidal systems. Obtaining these results would not have been possible without the approach used through this work; I thus present a framework coupling field investigations with analytical approaches to describe shifts in highly variable ecosystems under human-induced stress.

Canticum canticorum cum glossa ordinaria.

F. 1-42. "Incipiunt Cantica Canticorum. osculetur me osculo oris suis...-... hinnuloque cervorum super montes aromatum". F. A, note émargée à l'encre brune ; f. 42-42v. notes et maximes de la même main (additions du XIVe siècle).

Expositio in Proverbia Salomonis.

Lib. II (incompl. du début) (1) ; — Lib. III : « Etsi magne difecultatis... » (9) ; — Lib. IV : « Parvulus parvula pascentibus... » (21v) ; — Lib. V : « Qui apponit scientiam... » (38v) ; — Lib. VI : « Quanti sit laboris... » (52) ; — Lib. VII : « Cum aliquis calamitate... » (67) ; — Lib. VIII : « Cum sit proprium humane nature... » (81) ; — Lib. IX : « Salomon mirabilis speculator... » (96v) ; — Lib. X : « Nemo est qui nesciat... » (110v) ; — Lib. XI : « Utinam insipiens quantum dispendium... » (124) ; — Lib. XII : « Quam bona est sapientia... » (139) ; — Lib. XIII : « Dulcis est sapientia... » (152v) ; — Lib. XIV : « Sicut non est terminus... » (166) ; — Lib. XV : « Tandem explanaturus extremam partem... — ... tandem multitudine gentilitatis conversa est in corp... » (180v-191v).

Antiphonarium et Graduale.

Principales fêtes seulement. F. 1-158v Antiphonaire ; — Commun des saints (147). F. 159-249v Graduel : — Commun des saints (198v) ; — Messes votives (237v). F. 249v Kyriale, avec et sans tropes. F. 262v Prosaire. F. 300 Tables. F. 302 Antiennes et répons pour les samedis et dimanches. F. 324 Tons des psaumes et neumes.

Galien, "de ingenio sanitatis; de crisi (91); de diebus criticis, (119); de accidente et morbo (139); de interioribus (162); de simplicibus medicinis (202)".

Saisi avec 6 autres mss en janvier 1797 dans la bibliothèque de l'abbaye bénédictine de San Benedetto in Polirone près de Mantoue, cf. cote du XVIIIe s. "MS n° 49" (f. de garde); Laffitte, Bulletin du Bibliophile, 1989/2, 300; Delisle, Cab. des mss., II, 414; — ex-libris du XVe s. "Iste liber est mei mag. Johannis Martini de Ferariis de Parma artium ac medicine doctoris" (292v)

Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Bourbourg (dioc. de Thérouanne).

Acquis le 21 avril 1800 par envoi du préfet du Nord; cf. Delisle, Cab. des mss., II, 32

Breviarium Strigoniense.

Cf. notice du ms. par Leroquais, Bréviaires, III, 182-185 n° 591 et pl. XCIX; P. Radó, Libri liturgici manuscripti bibliothecarum Hungariae et limitropharum regionum, Budapest, 1973. Un bréviaire d'Esztergom a été imprimé en 1524 à Venise. F. 2-8v Calendrier à l'usage d'Esztergom, avec un grand nombre de saints d'origines diverses (2-7v); cf. Leroquais, op. cit., 182. À noter les saints non mentionnés dans les Acta sanctorum, ou du moins pas pour la date correspondante; ne sont pas relevés les saints hongrois considérés comme classiques par Radó, op. cit., passim : 4 févr., «Victoris m.»; 8 févr., «Juliani m.»; 13 févr., «Adalberti m.», signalé une fois dans Radó, op. cit., 96 d'après ms. Budapest, B. N. Hung., c. l. m. ae. 395; 15févr., «Faustiani m.»; 21 févr., «Septuaginta mm.», non signalé sous cette forme pour cette date dans Radó, op. cit.; 15 mars, «Hilarii conf. et pont.», non signalé sous cette forme pour cette date dans Radó, op. cit.; 17 mars, «Bernardi conf.»; 26mars, «Eustachii abb.», signalé une fois dans Radó, op. cit., 96 d'après ms. Budapest, B.N. Hung., c. l. m. ae. 395; 28 mars, «Gastuli m.», non signalé dans Radó, op. cit.; 3 juill., «Bonifacii ep.», non signalé dans Radó, op. cit.; 5 juill., «Dominici m.»; 4 août, «Gaudentii ep. et conf.», signalé une fois dans Radó, op. cit., 329 d'après ms. Budapest, B. N. Hung., c. l. m. ae. 408; 8 août, «Adventus sanguinis D. N. J. C.»; 31 août, «Pauli ep. et m.», non signalé dans Radó, op. cit.; 12 oct., «Quatuor milium mm.», non signalé dans Radó, op. cit., à rapprocher de quatuor mille octingenti septuaginta mm., cf. Radó, op. cit., 167 d'après ms. Esztergom, B. metropolitana Strigoniensis I. 20; 14 oct., «Cerbonii conf.»; 27 oct., «Vedasti m.»; 15 nov., «Martini conf.», non signalé pour cette date dans Radó, op. cit; 20 nov., «Aniani ep. [Aurelianensis] et conf.». Pour plusieurs saints du calendrier on ne trouve pas d'office dans le sanctoral, et vice versa. — «Sequitur tabula impositionis historiarum...» (8-8v). F. 11-76 Psautier férial (11-72). — Office des défunts à l'usage d'Esztergom (72v-76); cf. K. Ottosen, The responsories and versicles of the latin office of the dead, Aarhus 1993, 127 (description des ff.74v-75v = «BN8879B») et 180 (description des ff.72v-74v = «BN8879A»). F. 77-528v Temporal : «Incipit breviarium secundum chorum alme ecclesie Strigoniensis. Dominica prima in adventu Domini...» (77-282v). Sanctoral : «Incipit secunda pars breviarii scilicet de festivitatibus. De s. Silvestro...» (286-486). À noter : office de l'Immaculée Conception composé par Léonard Nogarolo (480v). Commun des saints : «Incipit commune de sanctis et primo in vigilia unius apostoli...» (486v-513v). — «Sequitur de b. Virgine sabbatis diebus per estatem. Ad vesperas...» (513v-516v). «In quotidianis horis b. Virginis...» (516v-525). — «Sequuntur preces in quadragesima...» (525-526v). — «Sequuntur suffragia sabbatis diebus per estatem...» (526v-528), dont suffrages des ss. [Stephani regis Hungariae; Emerici ducis] (527), [Ladislai regis Hungariae; Adalberti ep. Pragensis et m.] (527v). — «Absolutio excommunicati...» (528-528v). 106 hymnes mentionnées dans la table des incipit, dont une non répertoriée dans Chevalier, Repert. hymn. ni dans les A. H., pour les confesseurs : «Christe lucis splendor vere fabrice mundi semper nobis parcens miserere confessorum precibus//...» (506v); cf. P. Radó, Répertoire hymnologique des mss. liturgiques dans les bibliothèques publiques de Hongrie, Budapest 1945, n° 111, relevée une fois dans le ms. Budapest, Bibl. nat. Hung. c. l. m. ae. 132, ms. décrit par Radó, Libri liturgici..., op. cit., 395-400.

Breviarium Strigoniense.

Cf. notice du ms. par Leroquais, Bréviaires, III, 182-185 n° 591 et pl. XCIX; P. Radó, Libri liturgici manuscripti bibliothecarum Hungariae et limitropharum regionum, Budapest, 1973. Un bréviaire d'Esztergom a été imprimé en 1524 à Venise. F. 2-8v Calendrier à l'usage d'Esztergom, avec un grand nombre de saints d'origines diverses (2-7v); cf. Leroquais, op. cit., 182. À noter les saints non mentionnés dans les Acta sanctorum, ou du moins pas pour la date correspondante; ne sont pas relevés les saints hongrois considérés comme classiques par Radó, op. cit., passim : 4 févr., «Victoris m.»; 8 févr., «Juliani m.»; 13 févr., «Adalberti m.», signalé une fois dans Radó, op. cit., 96 d'après ms. Budapest, B. N. Hung., c. l. m. ae. 395; 15févr., «Faustiani m.»; 21 févr., «Septuaginta mm.», non signalé sous cette forme pour cette date dans Radó, op. cit.; 15 mars, «Hilarii conf. et pont.», non signalé sous cette forme pour cette date dans Radó, op. cit.; 17 mars, «Bernardi conf.»; 26mars, «Eustachii abb.», signalé une fois dans Radó, op. cit., 96 d'après ms. Budapest, B.N. Hung., c. l. m. ae. 395; 28 mars, «Gastuli m.», non signalé dans Radó, op. cit.; 3 juill., «Bonifacii ep.», non signalé dans Radó, op. cit.; 5 juill., «Dominici m.»; 4 août, «Gaudentii ep. et conf.», signalé une fois dans Radó, op. cit., 329 d'après ms. Budapest, B. N. Hung., c. l. m. ae. 408; 8 août, «Adventus sanguinis D. N. J. C.»; 31 août, «Pauli ep. et m.», non signalé dans Radó, op. cit.; 12 oct., «Quatuor milium mm.», non signalé dans Radó, op. cit., à rapprocher de quatuor mille octingenti septuaginta mm., cf. Radó, op. cit., 167 d'après ms. Esztergom, B. metropolitana Strigoniensis I. 20; 14 oct., «Cerbonii conf.»; 27 oct., «Vedasti m.»; 15 nov., «Martini conf.», non signalé pour cette date dans Radó, op. cit; 20 nov., «Aniani ep. [Aurelianensis] et conf.». Pour plusieurs saints du calendrier on ne trouve pas d'office dans le sanctoral, et vice versa. — «Sequitur tabula impositionis historiarum...» (8-8v). F. 11-76 Psautier férial (11-72). — Office des défunts à l'usage d'Esztergom (72v-76); cf. K. Ottosen, The responsories and versicles of the latin office of the dead, Aarhus 1993, 127 (description des ff.74v-75v = «BN8879B») et 180 (description des ff.72v-74v = «BN8879A»). F. 77-528v Temporal : «Incipit breviarium secundum chorum alme ecclesie Strigoniensis. Dominica prima in adventu Domini...» (77-282v). Sanctoral : «Incipit secunda pars breviarii scilicet de festivitatibus. De s. Silvestro...» (286-486). À noter : office de l'Immaculée Conception composé par Léonard Nogarolo (480v). Commun des saints : «Incipit commune de sanctis et primo in vigilia unius apostoli...» (486v-513v). — «Sequitur de b. Virgine sabbatis diebus per estatem. Ad vesperas...» (513v-516v). «In quotidianis horis b. Virginis...» (516v-525). — «Sequuntur preces in quadragesima...» (525-526v). — «Sequuntur suffragia sabbatis diebus per estatem...» (526v-528), dont suffrages des ss. [Stephani regis Hungariae; Emerici ducis] (527), [Ladislai regis Hungariae; Adalberti ep. Pragensis et m.] (527v). — «Absolutio excommunicati...» (528-528v). 106 hymnes mentionnées dans la table des incipit, dont une non répertoriée dans Chevalier, Repert. hymn. ni dans les A. H., pour les confesseurs : «Christe lucis splendor vere fabrice mundi semper nobis parcens miserere confessorum precibus//...» (506v); cf. P. Radó, Répertoire hymnologique des mss. liturgiques dans les bibliothèques publiques de Hongrie, Budapest 1945, n° 111, relevée une fois dans le ms. Budapest, Bibl. nat. Hung. c. l. m. ae. 132, ms. décrit par Radó, Libri liturgici..., op. cit., 395-400.

Citizen Jane : exploring the relationship between gender and cellular phones in societies of control

In this thesis, I argue that the mutually productive relationship between women (as gendered subjects) and cellular phone technology is one of control. Women use cellular phones to organize, manage and otherwise control the multiplicity of tasks required of them on a daily basis. At the same time, through using cell phones, women participate in regimes of control including surveillance and persistent connection. I explore this relationship at the level of everyday practice, and conclude by speculating about this relationship at a wider level of social control and organization. This argument emerges from the critical approach suggested by Slack and Wise (2005), who argue that technology and culture are inseparable. They provide articulations and assemblages as tools of analysis. I situate this analysis more broadly within Foucault's (1991) work on govemmentality, in its modem form of societies of control (Deleuze, 1995b).

Microfacies analysis of the lower paleocene beda formation in Western Concession 59 and Block 59F, Sirte Basin, Libya /

The rock sequence of the Tertiary Beda Formation of S. W. concession 59 and 59F block in Sirte Basin of Libya has been subdivided into twelve platformal carbonate microfacies. These microfacies are dominated by muddy carbonates, such as skeletal mudstones, wackestones, and packstones with dolomites and anhydrite. Rock textures, faunal assemblages and sedimentary structures suggest shallow, clear, warm waters and low to moderate energy conditions within the depositional shelf environment. The Beda Formation represents a shallowing-upward sequence typical of lagoonal and tidal flat environments marked at the top by sabkha and brackish-water sediments. Microfossils include benthonic foraminifera, such as miliolids, Nummulites, - oerculina and other smaller benthonics, in addition to dasycladacean algae, ostracods, molluscs, echinoderms, bryozoans and charophytes. Fecal pellets and pelloids, along with the biotic allochems, contributed greatly to the composition of the various microfacies. Dolomite, where present, is finely crystalline and an early replacement product. Anhydrite occurs as nodular, chickenwire and massive textures indicating supratidal sabkha deposition. Compaction, micr it i zat ion , dolomit izat ion , recrystallization, cementation, and dissolution resulted in alteration and obliteration of primary sedimentary structures of the Beda Formation microfacies. The study area is located in the Gerad Trough which developed as a NE-SW trending extensional graben. The Gerad trough was characterized by deep-shallow water conditions throughout the deposition of the Beda Formation sediments. The study area is marked by several horsts and grabens; as a result of extent ional tectonism. The area was tectonically active throughout the Tertiary period. Primary porosity is intergranular and intragranular, and secondary processes are characterized by dissolution, intercrystalline, fracture and fenestral features. Diagenesis, through solution leaching and dolomitization, contributed greatly to porosity development. Reservoir traps of the Beda Formation are characterized by normal fault blocks and the general reservoir characteristics/properties appear to be facies controlled.