Operational guide for implementation and follow-up of the Montevideo Consensus on Population and Development

This document is the contribution of the Presiding Officers of the Regional Conference on Population and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean to the second session of the Regional Conference, to be held in Mexico City, on 6-9 October 2015. It is a technical tool intended to provide the countries of the region with specific guidelines for implementing the priority measures set forth in the Montevideo Consensus on Population and Development, and offers relevant inputs for monitoring that implementation at the national and regional levels.

Productivity, social expenditure and income distribution in Latin America

This paper discusses the role of institutions and structural change in shaping income inequality. It is argued that while social expenditure and direct redistribution are crucial for improving income distribution, sustainable equality requires structural change to create decent jobs. The relative importance of these variables in different countries is analyzed and a typology suggested. It is argued that the most equal countries in the world combine strong institutions in favor of redistribution and knowledge-intensive production structures that sustain growth and employment in the long run. Both institutions and the production structure in Latin America fail to foster equality and this explains its extremely high levels of inequality. The last decade witnessed significant advances in reducing inequality in Latin America, but these advances are threatened by slow productivity growth and weak structural change.

Políticas públicas e participação em programas de turismo no município de Soure, PA: análise de política

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o papel e a participação de diversos atores sociais na implementação de políticas públicas de turismo no município de Soure, na Ilha do Marajó, no Estado do Pará, Brasil. Através de Análise de Política de implementação do Programa de Regionalização, é descrito o sistema de implementação de políticas públicas de turismo, é especificado quem são os atores envolvidos, e a compreensão de como esses atores organizados atuam na implementação dessas políticas públicas. Na primeira parte, são expostas políticas públicas de cada nível governamental, no qual é avaliado o papel dos órgãos responsáveis, o conteúdo, o processo e o resultado. Na segunda parte, são expostas, através dos resultados da pesquisa de campo, as organizações e a participação delas no município. Por meio dos resultados, é compreendida, principalmente, a diferença das lógicas entre governo federal/estadual e local. Para o governo local falta o conceito do desenvolvimento turístico sustentável. Também, a descontinuidade das políticas in lócus está destacado. No que diz respeito às organizações locais, o problema é que elas ainda não estão na etapa de conseguir manter-se organizadas. Para interpretação desse fenômeno, são utilizadas teorias sobre o capital social, pela visão de estrutura social e de cultura, a teoria de sistema, e o conceito de desenvolvimento local e do desenvolvimento turístico sustentável.

A educação popular na América Latina: um estudo comparado do pensamento social de Simón Rodríguez (Venezuela, 1771-1854) e Antônio Carneiro Leão (Brasil, 1887-1966)

Esta pesquisa aborda como temática a Educação Popular em Simón Rodríguez (1771-1854) e Antônio Carneiro Leão (1887-1966), intelectuais da América Latina. A questão norteadora deste processo investigativo é: no contexto de estruturação dos Estados-nação latinoamericanos, como os intelectuais Simón Rodríguez e Antônio Carneiro Leão pensavam a Educação popular? Como hipóteses, entendemos que: 1) Estes intelectuais tecem fios tênues que auxiliaram na significação do conceito de Educação Popular na atualidade, seja por meio da negação seja pela defesa de princípios que atualmente permeiam a conceituação da Educação Popular, ainda que o sentido atribuído à Educação Popular por eles à época não correspondam exatamente à significação presente; 2) Simón Rodríguez e Antônio Carneiro Leão, mesmo de lugares diferentes, um na Venezuela, outro no Brasil, expressaram em suas obras pensamentos com certas semelhanças no que tange à ideia de Educação Popular na América Latina. Com base na questão e hipóteses apresentadas adotou-se como objetivo geral: analisar, por meio do estudo comparado do pensamento social e da teoria descolonial, as formulações de Educação Popular em Simón Rodríguez e Antônio Carneiro Leão, com vistas a sua relação com o contexto latino-americano. Como objetivos específicos, definiu-se: a) contextualizar o conjunto de obras de Simón Rodríguez e Antônio Carneiro Leão, enfatizando os escritos sobre educação, particularmente os enunciados que tratam da idéia de Educação Popular; b) situar o pensamento dos autores no contexto histórico mais geral de seus países; c) analisar as concepções teóricas de Simón Rodríguez (exemplo de pensamento venezuelano) e compará-las com as concepções teóricas de Antônio Carneiro Leão (um exemplo de pensamento brasileiro), de modo a verificar quais os pontos convergentes e divergentes sobre a ideia de Educação Popular; d) Compreender as implicações da proposta de Educação Popular de Simón Rodríguez e Antônio Carneiro Leão para o movimento educacional latino-americano. No plano teórico-metodológico, a pesquisa se fundamenta na História Cultural (representações sociais e lutas de representações), na História Intelectual (memória coletiva e utilizagens mentais) e na Teoria Descolonial (exterioridade). Os resultados revelam que Simón Rodríguez e Carneiro Leão ao apontarem no século XIX e início do século XX a necessidade de valorização cultural das classes populares se aproximam significativamente das concepções de educação popular na atualidade. Também indicam uma similitude entre a realidade colonial hispanoamericana e a realidade luso-brasileira que aproximam essas concepções. Resguardadas as nuances históricas dos países em que nasceram e viveram os autores estudados, constatou-se que estes compreendem a educação como um instrumental imprescindível para a superação da colonização e, portanto, de consolidação da independência política, econômica e cultura do continente. Ao incursionar pela obra dos autores, sob um olhar regido pela Teoria Descolonial, identificamos que o Liberalismo, o Positivismo e as Teorias Raciais produzidos no Ocidente europeu fundamentaram o pensamento intelectual de Simón Rodríguez e Carneiro Leão, mas assumiram outras dimensões ao serem pensadas em meio às experiências vividas pelos autores no continente americano. Sensíveis ao sofrimento de uma população mestiça que não mais poderia viver fora dos parâmetros da modernidade, esses autores, que destacam a educação como um instrumental necessário à libertação política, econômica e cultural da América Latina, defendem, na teoria e na prática, um projeto educacional que fosse capaz de salvaguardar venezuelanos e brasileiros das marcas deixadas pela colonização.

Population structure and relative growth of the Amazon shrimp Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) on two islands in the fluvial-estuarine plain of the Brazilian Amazon

This study aimed to describe the population structure of the Amazon shrimp Macrobrachium amazonicum, as well as their relative growth between the length of the cephalothorax and the total length, and between the length of the cephalothorax and the total mass of shrimps of a fluvial-estuarine plain in the State of Pará. Shrimps were sampled monthly from August 2006 to July 2007, using trawl nets, taking three replicates at each site (Arapiranga and Mosqueiro) per month, totaling 72 replicates. We caught 5,510 specimens, being 90.90% from Arapiranga Island and 9.1% from Mosqueiro Island. The highest densities occurred in July (1.33 individuals/m²), at the beginning of the dry season and in December (1.66 individuals/m²), at the beginning of the rainy season. The morphometric analysis for separate and grouped sexes resulted in negative and positive allometric growth. Ovigerous females were observed in all months, indicating continuous reproduction and the majority (67.81%) was caught during the less rainy season. The abundance and continuous reproduction of M. amazonicum show that this estuary offers conditions for the proper development of this population.

A sociologia econômica e os dilemas do sistema do capital

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Er3+-doped Y2O3 obtained by polymeric precursor: Synthesis, structure and upconversion emission properties

The relentless pursuit for materials containing rare earth ions with photoluminescent properties has led to several studies with applications in the development of new technologies. The main focus of this work is the preparation of Er3+-doped polycrystalline Y2O3 with photoluminescent properties using PEG as an organic precursor and heat-treated at different temperatures. The methodology used in this synthesis is highly attractive due to its high feasibility for improved technology and low cost for preparing materials. The behavior of the viscous resin has been evaluated and the final compounds exhibited the formation of a cubic polycrystalline phase, which is able to support variations in Er3+ doping concentrations up to 10 mol%, without significant changes in the polycrystalline parameters. The values of the nanocrystallite size calculated by Scherrer's equation showed direct dependence on the heat-treatment temperature as well as the Er3+ concentration. Intense emission in the visible region under excitation at 980 nm was attributed to an upconversion phenomenon assigned to the intraconfigurational f-f transitions of Er3+ ions. The upconversion mechanism was investigated and it was demonstrated that the higher intense emission in the red region in comparison to the emission in the green region is related to the crystallite size. The studies about the intensity showed the dependence of upconversion emission of power source, indicating that two-photon are responsible for the green and red photoluminescence. These polycrystalline materials exhibit properties that make them promising for use in solar energy systems, C-telecom band or solid-state laser devices. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Geoparks in Brazil-strategy of Geoconservation and Development

Within the framework of the potential of geopark development and the interest of the geological community in creating new areas for geoconservation in Brazil, the aim of this contribution is to show the importance of geoscience education as a strategy for both geoconservation and development, and for the success and maintenance of new geoparks. A historical and evolutionary approach to the theme reveals the current status of geoscience education in Brazil and offers a panorama of the challenges inherent in preparing for the creation of new geoconservation areas. Proposals that aim to promote geoconservation and sustainability in Brazil include projects that capitalize on geological heritage and its relationship with local communities, proposals that form partnerships between the government, universities, businesses, and non-governmental organizations for the development of education, and changes in the law specifically aimed at geoconservation. Improvement in the educational system, including Earth science education, is undoubtedly one of the best strategies to promote the preservation of our natural heritage, and a cultural change in education will certainly promote changes in other areas.

Impact of gestational diabetes and lactational insulin replacement on structure and secretory function of offspring rat ventral prostate

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The influence of heat treatment on the structure and microstructure of Ti-15Mo-xNb system alloys for biomedical applications

The Ti-15Mo-xNb system integrates a new class of titanium alloys without the presence of aluminum and vanadium, which exhibit cytotoxicity, and that have low elasticity modulus values (below 100 GPa). This occurs because these alloys have a beta structure, which is very attractive for use as biomaterials. In addition, Brazil has about 90% of the world’s resources of niobium, which is very important economically. It strategically invests in research on the development and processing of alloys containing this element. In this paper, a study of the influence of heat treatments on the structure and microstructure of the alloys of a Ti-15Mo-xNb system is presented. The results showed grain grown with heat treatment and elongated and irregular grains after lamination due to this processing. After quenching, there were no changes in the microstructure in relation to heat-treated and laminated conditions. These results corroborate the x-ray diffraction results, which showed the predominance of the β phase.

The relationship between social support and functional capacity in elderly persons with cognitive alterations

The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between social support and the functional capacity of elderly persons with cognitive alterations. It is a descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study. The subjects were 101 elderly persons registered in Family Health Centers whose performance in the Mini-Exam for Mental Status was below a certain specified level in a previous study. The Medical Outcomes Study questionnaire, Katz Index and Pfeffer Questionnaire were applied. The dimensions of material, affective, emotional, informational and positive social interaction support resulted in an average final score of 74.32 points, indicating a better level of material and affective support in relation to the other dimensions of support. There was a statistically significant correlation between emotional support and the Katz Index. Knowledge about this relationship favors the development of a nursing care pathway for the elderly which is capable of maintaining their functional capacity and ensuring satisfactory social relations.