Los estudios latinoamericanos en el siglo XXI (Tema Central)

El autor, a partir de un rápido recorrido por lo que han sido los estudios latinoamericanos en el siglo XX, hace algunas aproximaciones a lo que serán los cambios y desafíos que tendrán aquellos en el siglo XXI. Para Whitehead, la necesidad de estudiar y entender las realidades específicas de América Latina, y de transmitir estos conocimientos locales para enriquecer el conocimiento universal, no va a desaparecer en el presente siglo.

Interdisciplinariedad y estudios latinoamericanos (Tema Central)

Dos preguntas centrales orientan el desarrollo de este artículo: ¿qué significa estudiar América Latina en la actualidad? y ¿cuán fructífera ha sido la interdisciplinariedad en los estudios latinoamericanos? Para el autor, la primera pregunta apunta a encontrar el sentido del momento actual de los estudios latinoamericanos a la luz de la experiencia del pasado, y la segunda a evaluar los conocimientos adquiridos y acumulados en esa trayectoria histórica.

Debate contemporáneo sobre Estudios Latinoamericanos (Tema Central)

La autora examina el estado actual de las corrientes teóricas latinoamericanistas a través de su expresión en los campos de conocimiento y las líneas de investigación que se desarrollan en el Posgrado en Estudios Latinoamericanos en México, para esto pasa revista a lo que ha sido el desarrollo de los estudios poscoloniales, los estudios subalternos y los estudios culturales.

Repensando la categoría de Estado en América Latina: recuperación del pensamiento teórico latinoamericano (Tema Central)

La autora hace un recorrido por las tendencias que han seguido los estudios del Estado en el siglo XX y para ello, aborda cinco momentos históricos que refieren a autores claves y representativos del pensamiento crítico latinoamericano. Las preguntas: ¿cómo se ha estudiado al Estado en América Latina? y ¿qué desafíos plantean las crisis institucionales a los conceptos tradicionales? delimitan el artículo. Finalmente, hace un balance de las corrientes que han caracterizado cada momento y propone una posible línea de investigación que considera acorde con la compleja y asincrónica realidad latinoamericana.

Latinoamericanismo, Barroco de Indias y colonialidad del poder: reflexiones sobre políticas de exclusión (Debates)

Este ensayo examina los debates y las relecturas a propósito del llamado Barroco de Indias que se han originado en el ámbito de los estudios latinoamericanos en las últimas décadas. Se enfoca en los estudios sobre el escritor peruano Juan Espinosa Medrano C1629?-1688, llamado el ""Lunarejo"", y problematiza los postulados que claman ver en el barroco y en sus representantes literarios, los primeros procesos de definición de una identidad y modernidad ""americana"" propias. El autor considera que estas lecturas, a pesar de que buscan responder a interpretaciones colonialistas, rearticulan un proyecto latinoamericanista que excluye las conflictivas relaciones étnico-culturales entre indígenas y no indígenas, así como también refuerza lo que Aníbal Quijano y Walter Mignolo llaman la colonialidad del poder.

The postoccidental deconstruction and resignification of "Modernity'': a critical analysis

The thesis which follows, entitled ''The Postoccidental Deconstruction and Resignification of 'Modemity': A Critical Analysis", is an exposition and criticism of the critique of occidental modemity found in a group of writings which identify their critique with a "postoccidental" point of view with respect to postcolonial studies. The general problem ofthe investigation concems the significance and reach ofthis critique of modemity in relation to the ongoing debate, in Latín American studies, about the historical relationship between Latín America, as a mu1ticultural/ structurally heterogeneous region, and the industrial societies of Euro pe and North America. A brief Preface explains the genealogy of the author's ideas on this subject Following this preface, the thesis proceeds to analyze the writings in this corpus through an intertextual, schematic approach which singles out two rnajor elements of the postoccidental critique: "coloniality" and "eurocentrism". These two main elements are investigated in the Introduction and Chapters One and Two, in terms of how they distinguish postoccidental analysis from other theoretical tendencias with which it has affinities but whose key concepts it reformu1ates in ways that are key to the unique approach which postoccidental analysis takes to modemity, the nature of the capitalist world system, colonialism, subaltemization, center/periphery and development . Chapter Three attempts a critical analysis of the foregoing postoccidentalist deconstruction according to the following question: to what extent does it succeed in deconstructing "modernity" as a term which refers to a historically articulated set of discourses whose underlying purpose has been to justify European and North American hegemony and structural asymmetries vis-a-vis the peripheries of the capitalist world system, based on an ethnocentric, racialist logic of exploitation and subalternization of non-European peoples? A Conclusion follows Chapter Three.

Particulate matter mass concentration (PM10) under different ventilation methods in classrooms

Recently, studies have shown that the classroom environment is very important for students' health and performance. Thus, the evaluation of indoor air quality (IAQ) in a classroom is necessary to ensure students' well-being. In this paper the emphasis is on airborne concentration of particulate matter (PM) in adult education rooms. The mass concentration of PM10 particulates was measured in two classrooms under different ventilation methods in the University of Reading, UK, during the winter period of 2008. In another study the measurement of the concentration of particles was accompanied with measurements of CO2 concentration in these classrooms but this study is the subject of another publication. The ambient PM10, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, and rainfall events were monitored as well. In general, this study showed that outdoor particle concentrations and outdoor meteorological parameters were identified as significant factors influencing indoor particle concentration levels. Ventilation methods showed significant effects on air change rate and on indoor/outdoor (I/O) concentration ratios. Higher levels of indoor particulates were seen during occupancy periods. I/O ratios were significantly higher when classrooms were occupied than when they were unoccupied, indicating the effect of both people presence and outdoor particle concentration levels. The concentrations of PM10 indoors and outdoors did not meet the requirements of WHO standards for PM10 annual average.

Building a left coast: the legacy of the California Popular Front and the challenge to Cold War liberalism in the post-world war two era

The Cold War in the late 1940s blunted attempts by the Truman administration to extend the scope of government in areas such as health care and civil rights. In California, the combined weakness of the Democratic Party in electoral politics and the importance of fellow travelers and communists in state liberal politics made the problem of how to advance the left at a time of heightened Cold War tensions particularly acute. Yet by the early 1960s a new generation of liberal politicians had gained political power in the Golden State and was constructing a greatly expanded welfare system as a way of cementing their hold on power. In this article I argue that the New Politics of the 1970s, shaped nationally by Vietnam and by the social upheavals of the 1960s over questions of race, gender, sexuality, and economic rights, possessed particular power in California because many activists drew on the longer-term experiences of a liberal politics receptive to earlier anti-Cold War struggles. A desire to use political involvement as a form of social networking had given California a strong Popular Front, and in some respects the power of new liberalism was an offspring of those earlier battles.