The Basque Diaspora in Latin America: Euskal Etxeak, Integration, and Tensions. EDAP 1/2016

The establishment of the Basque diaspora in Latin America can be divided in several different periods. First, from the 16th to 18th century, the so-called original diaspora of Basques who were part of the Spanish colonial regime. The second can be traced to the 19th century, consisting of a mixture of impoverished Basque migrants seeking jobs, especially in Uruguay and Argentina, and of refugees fleeing from the Spanish War of Independence and the Carlist wars. The third wave is identified by, but not only through, the considerable amount of refugees from the Spanish Civil War on the 1930's. The fourth wave came during the 1970s, with refugees from the Franco Dictatorship, ETA members and sympathisers. In this paper I will argue that each new wave of migrants brought tension to the diaspora, with the Euskal Etxeak, or ‘Basque houses’, as a focus point. The main idea is to analyse the different tensions and political discussions of this set of diasporic waves in Latin America.

EU spotlight 10.07.2015: After the nuclear agreement with Teheran: Work for peace between Iran and Saudi Arabia.

The Middle East is currently being devastated by multiple civil wars and ISIS-led terror. Tens of thousands have had to flee – to Europe, among other places. The nuclear deal between the West and Iran from July 14 could mark the beginning of more peaceful times for the region.

InterInterpretação das lesões ortopédicas dos ocupantes dos veículos na reconstrução forense dos acidentes de viação

Road Traffic accidents are the leading cause of violent death and a major cause of death and sequelae in young and economically active population in developed and developing countries. Numbers that can only be compared to wars, which exemplifies the consequences of these lesions in economic and social terms. In 2002, about 1.2 million people died in traffic accidents, and in 2020, it is estimated that this number will double according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Only a small percentage of these are generated by vehicle faults or adverse conditions. The vast majority of accidents are caused by carelessness, negligence or malpractice of drivers or pedestrians, which makes the reconstruction of accidents a key step in the investigation and prevention of further accidents.

Weishenme Zhongguo zai diyi ci shijie dazhan zhong juyou zhongyao zuoyong 为什么中国在第一次世界大战中具有重要作用 (Why China Played an Important Role in the First World War)

Aufbauend auf dem analytischen Tool des Totalen Krieges (vgl. den Artikel des Autors zu Controversy Total War in 1914-1918-Online) werden im vorliegenden Beitrag die Anstrengungen Chinas im Ersten Weltkrieg zu denjenigen anderer nicht europäischer Länder wie Australien, Südafrika oder Indien in Bezug gesetzt. Dabei wird das Ziel verfolgt, den globalen Charakter eines Konfliktes deutlich zu machen, der zurecht als erster Weltkrieg bezeichnet wird und in welchem China sicherlich eine weit bedeutsamere Rolle spielte, als es gemeinhin in der Historiographie dargestellt wird. Ursprünglich wurde der Beitrag als Antwort auf die Frage konzipiert, warum nicht nur China für eine Globalgeschichte des Ersten Weltkrieges von Bedeutung war. Im Verlauf der Übersetzung wurde der Titel dahingehend angepasst, dass stärker die Bedeutung von Chinas Rolle im Ersten Weltkrieg betont wurde.

With Napoleon in Russia; the memoirs of General de Caulaincourt, duke of Vicenza;

Translation of Memoires du général de Caulaincourt.

The military adventures of Charles O'Neil /

Facsim. of the ed. Worcester : E. Livermore, 1851.

Napoleon Bonaprte's first campaign,

Mode of access: Internet.

Mr. Midshipman Easy /

Mode of access: Internet.

Napoleon's conquest of Prussia--1806.

Mode of access: Internet.

L'armée française en Égypte, 1798-1801 : journal d'un officier de l'Armée d'Égypte /

"Le journal d'un officier de l'armée d'Égypte a été rédigé d'après les notes laissés par M. Vertray, capitaine au 9e de ligne, retraité en 1808."

The campaign of Marengo, with comments,

Mode of access: Internet.

"1812" Napoleon I in Russia,

Title vignette.

The invasion of 1910, with a full account of the siege of London, by William Le Queux; naval chapters by H.W. Wilson, introductory letter by Field-Marshal Earl Roberts ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Purén indómito : poema /

A chronicle of one of the wars between the Chilians and Araucanians, which broke out in 1598.

Memoiren des Herzogs Eugen von Württemberg.

Vorwort signed: v. H. Meyers Konversations-Lexikon identifies editor as General von Hobe. Other authorities propose Freiherr von Helldorff.