Taxa de natalidade de vacas e desempenho de bezerros sob desmama antecipada no Pantanal

Para avaliar o efeito da desmama antecipada na taxa de natalidade, e no desempenho de bezerros criados em pastagem nativa, 79 vacas aneloradas, primíparas e multíparas, foram divididas em dois grupos homogêneos, e os bezerros foram desmamados na idade de 4 a 6 meses e suplementados (grupo A), ou aos 7 a 9 meses, e não-suplementados (grupo B). A natalidade foi maior no grupo A (81,5%) do que no grupo B (13,1%) (P<0,001). Não houve diferença nas taxas de natalidade entre vacas multíparas (80,9 e 82,3%) e primíparas (18,1 e 6,2%) dos grupos A e B, respectivamente (P>0,58). No final da estação seca, os bezerros do grupo A pesaram, em média, 5,4 kg menos que os bezerros do grupo B (P<0,009).

Liberação de fósforo e potássio durante a decomposição de resíduos culturais em plantio direto

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a liberação de P e K de resíduos culturais de aveia-preta, ervilhaca comum e nabo forrageiro e de consórcios de aveia e ervilhaca, em plantio direto. Os resíduos culturais foram dispostos em bolsas de nylon com 20x20 cm e malha de 0,5 mm, as quais foram distribuídas na superfície do solo e coletadas após 15, 29, 43, 59, 71, 82, 112 e 182 dias. Em cada coleta o material foi secado a 65ºC, determinando-se as quantidades remanescentes de matéria seca e a sua concentração em P e potássio. Aos valores observados para as quantidades remanescentes de P (Pr) e K (Kr) foi ajustado o modelo assintótico [(Pr e Kr = Ae-kt + (100 - A)] a partir do qual estimou-se a taxa (k) de liberação de P e K e a proporção desses nutrientes dos compartimentos lábil (A) e recalcitrante (100 - A) dos resíduos culturais. A taxa de liberação do K foi 4,5 vezes maior do que a do fósforo. A quantidade de P remanescente na fase inicial da decomposição foi inversamente proporcional à concentração do P solúvel em água dos resíduos culturais. Nos resíduos culturais do consórcio aveia + ervilhaca, o P e o K foram liberados mais lentamente do que o observado nessas espécies em cultivo solteiro. Esses resultados indicam um maior potencial de sincronismo entre a demanda de P e K pelas culturas comerciais e a liberação desses nutrientes dos resíduos culturais provenientes de consórcios entre aveia e ervilhaca do que dos provenientes do cultivo isolado de ervilhaca.

Risk factor profile and management of cerebrovascular patients in the REACH Registry.

BACKGROUND: Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is a global public health problem. CVD patients are at high risk of recurrent stroke and other atherothrombotic events. Prevalence of risk factors, comorbidities, utilization of secondary prevention therapies and adherence to guidelines all influence the recurrent event rate. We assessed these factors in 18,992 CVD patients within a worldwide registry of stable outpatients. METHODS: The Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health Registry recruited >68,000 outpatients (44 countries). The subjects were mainly recruited by general practitioners (44%) and internists (29%) if they had symptomatic CVD, coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and/or >or=3 atherothrombotic risk factors. RESULTS: The 18,992 CVD patients suffered a stroke (53.7%), transient ischemic attack (TIA) (27.7%) or both (18.5%); 40% had symptomatic atherothrombotic disease in >or=1 additional vascular beds: 36% coronary artery disease; 10% PAD and 6% both. The prevalence of risk factors at baseline was higher in the TIA subgroup than in the stroke group: treated hypertension (83.5/82.0%; p = 0.02), body mass index >or=30 (26.7/20.8%; p < 0.0001), hypercholesterolemia (65.1/52.1%; p < 0.0001), atrial fibrillation (14.7/11.9%; p < 0.0001) and carotid artery disease (42.3/29.7%; p < 0.0001). CVD patients received antiplatelet agents (81.7%), oral anticoagulants (17.3%), lipid-lowering agents (61.2%) and antihypertensives (87.9%), but guideline treatment targets were frequently not achieved (54.5% had elevated blood pressure at baseline, while 4.5% had untreated diabetes). CONCLUSIONS: A high percentage of CVD patients have additional atherothrombotic disease manifestations. The risk profile puts CVD patients, especially the TIA subgroup, at high risk for future atherothrombotic events. Undertreatment is common worldwide and adherence to guidelines needs to be enforced.

Efficacy and safety of a phospholipid emulsion (GR270773) in Gram-negative severe sepsis: results of a phase II multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-finding clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the survival benefit and safety profile of low-dose (850 mg/kg) and high-dose (1350 mg/kg) phospholipid emulsion vs. placebo administered as a continuous 3-day infusion in patients with confirmed or suspected Gram-negative severe sepsis. Preclinical and ex vivo studies show that lipoproteins bind and neutralize endotoxin, and experimental animal studies demonstrate protection from septic death when lipoproteins are administered. Endotoxin neutralization correlates with the amount of phospholipid in the lipoprotein particles. DESIGN: A three-arm, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Conducted at 235 centers worldwide between September 2004 and April 2006. PATIENTS: A total of 1379 patients participated in the study, 598 patients received low-dose phospholipid emulsion, and 599 patients received placebo. The high-dose phospholipid emulsion arm was stopped, on the recommendation of the Independent Data Monitoring Committee, due to an increase in life-threatening serious adverse events at the fourth interim analysis and included 182 patients. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A 28-day all-cause mortality and new-onset organ failure. There was no significant treatment benefit for low- or high-dose phospholipid emulsion vs. placebo for 28-day all-cause mortality, with rates of 25.8% (p = .329), 31.3% (p = .879), and 26.9%, respectively. The rate of new-onset organ failure was not statistically different among groups at 26.3%, 31.3%, 20.4% with low- and high-dose phospholipid emulsion, and placebo, respectively (one-sided p = .992, low vs. placebo; p = .999, high vs. placebo). Of the subjects treated, 45% had microbiologically confirmed Gram-negative infections. Maximal changes in mean hemoglobin levels were reached on day 10 (-1.04 g/dL) and day 5 (-1.36 g/dL) with low- and high-dose phospholipid emulsion, respectively, and on day 14 (-0.82 g/dL) with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with phospholipid emulsion did not reduce 28-day all-cause mortality, or reduce the onset of new organ failure in patients with suspected or confirmed Gram-negative severe sepsis.

Boone County, Township 82 North Range 25 West

Des Moines River Plat Maps.

Boone County, Township 82 North Range 26 West

Des Moines River Plat Maps.

Boone County, Township 82 North Range 27 West

Des Moines River Plat Maps.

Effect of Density on Marshall Stability of Hot-Mix Asphaltic Concrete, MLR-82-01, 1982

The Iowa D.O.T. specifications do not require 100 percent of 50 blow Marshall density (generally 94%) for field compaction. However, stabilities are determined in the Laboratory on specimens compacted to 100 percent of Marshall density. The purpose of this study is to determine the stabilities of specimens compacted to various densities which are below 100 percent of the 50 blow Marshall density.

Effect of Oven Heating Time of Asphaltic Concrete on Marshall Stability, MLR-82-02, 1982

It has been observed in the Laboratory that an increase in oven heating time of relatively short duration between mixing and compaction of asphaltic concrete hot mixes can have an effect on the Marshall stability results obtained. The purpose of this short investigation is to determine the effect of oven heating time on the density and stability of hot mixes.

Investigation of the Effect of Reheating Asphalts on the Test Results, MLR-84-09, 1984

All noncomplying penetration and absolute viscosity results must be verified before being reported. This verification of test results is done by reheating and retesting the identical sample that is suspect. The District Laboratories are required to submit penetration and absolute viscosity correlation samples to the Central Laboratory. These samples are the identical ones tested by the District Laboratories. When the Central laboratory tests these correlation samples they are also considered to be reheated and retested. Reheating a sample will harden the asphalt to some degree and possibly cause a change in the test results. This investigation was conducted to determine how much change in penetration and absolute viscosity could be expected by reheating and retesting asphalt samples.

Length Change of P. C. Concrete Due to Moisture Content, MLR-85-09, 1987

Portland cement concrete is an outstanding structural material but stresses and cracks often occur in large structures due to drying shrinkage. The objective of this research was to determine the change in length due to loss of moisture from placement through complete drying of portland cement concrete. The drying shrinkage was determined for four different combinations of Iowa DOT structural concrete mix proportions and materials. The two mix proportions used were an Iowa DOT D57 (bridge deck mix proportions) and a water reduced modified C4 mix. Three 4"x 4"x 18" beams were made for each mix. After moist curing for three days, all beams were maintained in laboratory dry air and the length and weight were measured at 73°F ± 3°F. The temperature was cycled on alternate days from 73°F to 90°F through four months. From four months through six months, the temperature was cycled one day at 73°F and six days at 130°F. It took approximately six months for the concrete to reach a dry condition with these temperatures. The total drying shrinkage for the four mixes varied from .0106 in. to .0133 in. with an average of .0120 in. The rate of shrinkage was approximately .014% shrinkage per 1% moisture loss for all four mixes. The rate and total shrinkage for all four mixes was very similar and did not seem to depend on the type of coarse aggregate or the use of a retarder.

Second neoplasms after invasive and borderline ovarian cancer.

Excess risk of subsequent cancers has been documented in women diagnosed with ovarian cancer. We updated to 2006 data on second cancers in women diagnosed with invasive and borderline ovarian cancer in the Swiss canton of Vaud. Between 1974 and 2006, 304 borderline and 1530 invasive first ovarian tumours were abstracted from the Vaud Cancer Registry database and followed up till the end of 2006. Calculation of expected numbers of tumours in the cohorts was based on site-specific, age-specific and calendar-year-specific incidence rates. We computed the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of second cancers, and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). There was no change in the incidence of malignant cancers, but that of borderline tumours increased over more recent years. Overall, 110 second neoplasms were observed versus 49.7 expected after invasive ovarian cancer (SIR 2.21; 95% CI: 1.82-2.67). Significant excess risks were observed for cancers of the breast, corpus uteri and leukaemias. When synchronous cancers were excluded, the overall SIR for all sites declined to 1.05. Thirty-one second neoplasms were observed after borderline tumours compared with 21.1 expected (SIR=1.47; 95% CI: 1.00-2.09). SIRs were above unity for ovary, colorectum and uterus. After exclusion of synchronous neoplasms, SIR for all neoplasms declined to 1.09, and remained significant only for second ovarian cancers (SIR=4.93). The present record linkage cohort study shows an excess risk for selected synchronous neoplasms in women diagnosed with both borderline and invasive ovarian cancer, likely because of shared genetic and perhaps environmental factors.

Fixação de nitrogênio e produção de ácido indolacético in vitro por bactérias diazotróficas endofíticas

O objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar e quantificar bactérias diazotróficas associadas a raízes de arroz, e avaliar a produção de ácido indolacético e o potencial de fixação biológica de nitrogênio dessas bactérias, a fim de selecionar isolados promissores para inoculação em plantas. Bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio, habitantes do interior das raízes de cultivares de arroz do Rio Grande do Sul, foram isoladas e quantificadas em nove cultivares. Raízes de arroz superficialmente esterilizadas foram maceradas e introduzidas em meios de crescimento, elaborados sem fonte de nitrogênio e em condições semi-sólidas. Entre os 58 isolados nos meios NFb, LGI e LGI-P, foram escolhidos UFSM-BD-02-06, UFSM-BD-08-06, UFSM-BD-14-06, UFSM-BD-20-06, UFSM-BD-26-06, UFSM-BD-31-06, UFSM-BD-36-06, UFSM-BD-42-06, UFSM-BD-48-06, UFSM-BD-54-06. Avaliaram-se a fixação biológica de nitrogênio e a produção de ácido indolacético in vitro, pelos métodos Kjeldahl e colorimétrico, respectivamente. Azospirillum brasilense e A. lipoferum apresentam maiores valores para N total, 41,08 e 46,82 µg mL-1, respectivamente. A. brasilense e UFSM-BD-31-06 são os maiores produtores de ácido indolacético, 41,09 mg mL-1 e 13,47 µg mL-1, respectivamente.