Survey of veterinery [sic] drug residues, environmental contaminants and mycotoxins of cultured shirmp [sic] in Iran

Economical achievement of optimal growth in developing countries may lead to sustainable poverty reduction. Agricultural activities play an important role in economy and human being welfare, which leads to establishment of food security and quality. Aquaculture products in developing countries share 51.4 percent of total agricultural production.7—percent in developed countries. Therefore undoutedly food production by means of quality and quantity has to be increased .The history of shirmp production goes back to 500 years ago. Today 50 countries of the world produce shirmp .In Islamic Republic of Iran shrimp production started since 1992 in the coastal region of Persian Gulf. The shrimp culture farms canbe classified in to 4 different categories; Extensive, semi-extensive, intensive and super instensive. Global ecological manitenanc is one of the major concerns of authorities Human manipulation of nature is the most destructive activity. Industrial sweage leakage in to the rivers and water sources is a big issue that causes reduction in the aquatic population. Heavy metals have an inhibitory effect in the production and growth of sealife. Human intake of food treated with anti microbial cause's allergy, hypersensitivity and develops microbial resistance. Organochlorine compounds contamination may found in hepato pancreatic tissues of aquatic products, Aresnic may transfer to man via plant & animal product contamination. In 1991 during Persian Gulf Mir 700 oil well set

Rhinopithecus bieti at Tacheng, Yunnan: Diet and daytime activities

We collected data on diet and activity budget in a group of Rhinopithecus bieti at Tacheng (99degrees 18'E, 27degrees 36' N, between 2,700 - 3,700 m asl), Yunnan, from March 1999 to December 2000. We mainly recorded species-parts eaten with feeding scores from scanning state behaviors of one-male units in tree-crowns. We also conducted microscopic analysis of feces collected monthly. The subjects consumed 59 plant species, belonging to 42 genera in 28 families, of which 90 species-parts were distributed as follows: 21 in Winter, 38 in spring, 39 in Summer, 47 in autumn. Conversely, the group annually spent, on average, 35% of daytime feeding, 33% resting, 15% moving, and 13% in social activities. Seasonal changes are apparent in daytime budget and food item-related feeding time in tree-crowns, food remains in feces, and the number of species-parts eaten. Correlations within and between food items and time budget clearly indicate maximization of foraging effectiveness and minimization of energy expenditure. In consideration of reports from northern and southern groups, that which underlay the specific adaptation to the habitat appeared to be similar to those of other colobines. Thus, the ultimate factors for survival of the species are more hopeful than expected.

Bayesian inference for multidimensional NMR image reconstruction

Reconstruction of an image from a set of projections has been adapted to generate multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, which have discrete features that are relatively sparsely distributed in space. For this reason, a reliable reconstruction can be made from a small number of projections. This new concept is called Projection Reconstruction NMR (PR-NMR). In this paper, multidimensional NMR spectra are reconstructed by Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC). This statistical method generates samples under the assumption that each peak consists of a small number of parameters: position of peak centres, peak amplitude, and peak width. In order to find the number of peaks and shape, RJMCMC has several moves: birth, death, merge, split, and invariant updating. The reconstruction schemes are tested on a set of six projections derived from the three-dimensional 700 MHz HNCO spectrum of a protein HasA.

The development of a scanning strategy for the manufacture of porous biomaterials by selective laser melting.

Porous structures are used in orthopaedics to promote biological fixation between metal implant and host bone. In order to achieve rapid and high volumes of bone ingrowth the structures must be manufactured from a biocompatible material and possess high interconnected porosities, pore sizes between 100 and 700 microm and mechanical strengths that withstand the anticipated biomechanical loads. The challenge is to develop a manufacturing process that can cost effectively produce structures that meet these requirements. The research presented in this paper describes the development of a 'beam overlap' technique for manufacturing porous structures in commercially pure titanium using the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) rapid manufacturing technique. A candidate bone ingrowth structure (71% porosity, 440 microm mean pore diameter and 70 MPa compression strength) was produced and used to manufacture a final shape orthopaedic component. These results suggest that SLM beam overlap is a promising technique for manufacturing final shape functional bone ingrowth materials.

不同纬度螅状独缩虫耐热能力及Hsp70 mRNA表达水平的比较

本文以游泳体的形成作为虫体对热激响应的指征,比较了不同纬度(西安:东经108°98′,北纬34°25′;武汉:东经114°34′,北纬30°57′)两地螅状独缩虫(Carchesium polypinum)的耐热能力,发现武汉地区螅状独缩虫(WH株)形成游泳体的热激温度(36℃)高于西安地区(XA株)的33℃,说明前者的耐热能力较强;进一步利用实时PCR技术分析不同热激温度下两地螅状独缩虫热休克蛋白Hsp70mRNA的表达变化发现,XA株Hsp70mRNA热激后高表达水平的阈值温度为28℃,而WH株的为3

Experimental studies of the quench behaviour of MgB2 superconducting wires for fault current limiter applications

Various MgB2 wires with different sheath materials provided by Hyper Tech Research Inc., have been tested in the superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) desktop tester at 24-26K in a self-field. Samples 1 and 2 are similarly fabricated monofilamentary MgB2 wires with a sheath of CuNi, except that sample 2 is doped with SiC and Mg addition. Sample 3 is a CuNi sheathed multifilamentary wire with Cu stabilization and Mg addition. All the samples with Nb barriers have the same diameter of 0.83mm and superconducting fractions ranging from 15% to 27% of the total cross section. They were heat-treated at temperatures of 700 °C for a hold time of 20-40min. Current limiting properties of MgB2 wires subjected to pulse overcurrents have been experimentally investigated in an AC environment in the self-field at 50Hz. The quench currents extracted from the pulse measurements were in a range of 200-328A for different samples, corresponding to an average engineering critical current density (Je) of around 4.8 × 10 4Acm-2 at 25K in the self-field, based on the 1νVcm-1 criterion. This work is intended to compare the quench behaviour in the Nb-barrier monofilamentary and multifilamentary MgB2 wires with CuNi and Cu/CuNi sheaths. The experimental results can be applied to the design of fault current limiter applications based on MgB2 wires. © IOP Publishing Ltd.

巢湖渔业资源现状及其对水体富营养化的响应研究

2002年至2004年期间,对巢湖鱼类资源进行调查,共发现鱼类54种,隶属16科、9目,主要以鲤科鱼类为主(35种),占64.8%,与20世纪80年代相比,鱼类种类数减少了40种,主要表现在洄游性种类急剧减少,甚至消失。渔业资源结构(渔获物)表现为以湖鲚、太湖新银鱼等小型鱼类为优势种类,在渔产量的比例不断上升,而大型鱼类(如翘嘴、鲤等)的种群结构趋于低龄化,产量呈下降趋势。结合已有的历史资料,分析巢湖渔业资源变化的影响因素,结果表明造成巢湖渔业资源结构变化受人为活动的影响主要表现在水利工程修建、过度捕捞和

葛洲坝下游中华鲟产卵河段的流场计算与分析

由于葛洲坝工程的修建,中华鲟的洄游路线被阻断了,使中华鲟产卵场由过去的屏山至木洞800 km江段压缩至现在的葛洲坝下游不足5 km江段。中华鲟也由水产资源演变成一级保护动物。运用水动力学的N-S方程和k-ε紊流数值模型,结合计算水气两相流的方法VOF(volume of fluid),采用控制体积法离散计算区域,对葛洲坝下游中华鲟产卵河段的流场进行了计算。并结合中华鲟的生态特性,分析其产卵繁殖对流场特性的要求,以期在三峡水库下游河道整治中注意保护其产卵场地。

The role of infrastructure in improving human settlements

This paper considers how the provision of integrated household-level infrastructure – particularly water and environmental sanitation (including water supply, sewerage, roads, storm drainage and solid waste management) –can play a leading role in improving the conditions in slum settlements. Around 700 socio-economic interviews were carried out in India and South Africa to investigate an innovative approach called slum networking, which sees the strong correlation between slum locations and drainage paths as an opportunity for improving the wider urban environment. This recognition allows resources to be mobilised locally, thereby removing the need for external aid funding. The evidence from the 700 families shows that communities perceive water and sanitation inputs to be their top priority and are willing to contribute to the costs. If slum upgrading is led with access to integrated water and environmental sanitation at household level with community contributions to the cost of infrastructure, then slum communities subsequently invest considerably greater sums in improved housing and education, with longer term contributions to poverty alleviation, improvements in health and literacy and an increase in disposable incomes.

中华绒螯蟹对苦草生境的依赖与破坏

确定浅水草型湖泊水草资源对放养中华绒螯蟹的承载量是探明水草多元功能的途径之一。本研究通过构建中华绒螯蟹栖息与生长所需的小生境,观察和分析了蟹-草之间的相互关系。试验结果显示苦草对放养中华绒螯蟹的承载量为1.08ind/100g/m~2,中华绒螯蟹的生长比速SGR(％/day)与其对苦草的拥有量Vp(g/m~2/ind)呈正相关,即SGR=0.464+0.003Vp。中华绒螯蟹特别是雄蟹对苦草的影响主要表现为破坏性,破坏率VD(g/ind/m~2/d)与雌、雄蟹的放养密度(S_F,S_m,ind/m~2)有

Au-catalyzed InP nanowires: The influence of growth temperature and V/III ratio

Growth of Au-catalyzed InP nanowires (NWs) by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) has been studied in the temperature range of 400-510 °C and V/III ratio of 44-700. We demonstrate that minimal tapering of InP NWs can be achieved at 400 °C and V/III ratio of 350. Zinc-blende (ZB) or wurtzite (WZ) NWs is obtained depending on the growth conditions. 4K microphotoluminescence (μ-PL) studies show that emission energy is blue-shifted as growth temperature increases. By changing these growth parameters, one can tune the emission wavelength of InP NWs which is attractive for applications in developing novel optoelectronic devices. © 2010 IEEE.

Growth temperature and V/III ratio effects on the morphology and crystal structure of InP nanowires

The effects of growth temperature and V/III ratio on the morphology and crystallographic phases of InP nanowires that are grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition have been studied. We show that higher growth temperatures or higher V/III ratios promote the formation of wurtzite nanowires while zinc-blende nanowires are favourableat lower growth temperatures and lower V/III ratios. A schematic map of distribution of zinc-blende and wurtzite structures has been developed in the range of growth temperatures (400-510 °C) and V/III ratios (44 to 700) investigated in this study. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Thermo-optical characterization of fluorescent rhodamine B based temperature-sensitive nanosensors using a CMOS MEMS micro-hotplate

A custom designed microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) micro-hotplate, capable of operating at high temperatures (up to 700 C), was used to thermo-optically characterize fluorescent temperature-sensitive nanosensors. The nanosensors, 550 nm in diameter, are composed of temperature-sensitive rhodamine B (RhB) fluorophore which was conjugated to an inert silica sol-gel matrix. Temperature-sensitive nanosensors were dispersed and dried across the surface of the MEMS micro-hotplate, which was mounted in the slide holder of a fluorescence confocal microscope. Through electrical control of the MEMS micro-hotplate, temperature induced changes in fluorescence intensity of the nanosensors was measured over a wide temperature range. The fluorescence response of all nanosensors dispersed across the surface of the MEMS device was found to decrease in an exponential manner by 94%, when the temperature was increased from 25 C to 145 C. The fluorescence response of all dispersed nanosensors across the whole surface of the MEMS device and individual nanosensors, using line profile analysis, were not statistically different (p < 0.05). The MEMS device used for this study could prove to be a reliable, low cost, low power and high temperature micro-hotplate for the thermo-optical characterisation of sub-micron sized particles. The temperature-sensitive nanosensors could find potential application in the measurement of temperature in biological and micro-electrical systems. The Authors. © 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.