基于生态足迹方法的玉米-味精生态农业及产业系统分析

为了提高生态产业研究结果的可比性,以味精产业为例,用生态足迹方法分析了产业过程涉及不同子系统的资源利用和环境污染情况。味精生产由三个子系统构成,玉米生产、淀粉生产和味精生产。计算结果表明,从玉米到味精的生产过程也是生态足迹延长的过程,其中玉米生态足迹占用面积最大,主要是因为耕地和水资源占用大;生态足迹的延长伴随着足迹效益的增加,意味着延长产业链条可以提高资源利用效率;系统的间接能源生态足迹较大,因此应重点考虑降低间接能源的能耗;味精生产系统的能耗最高,空气和水体环境污染最为严重。研究表明,生态足迹是一种很

生态足迹方法及其在城市交通环境影响评价中的应用

在分析生态足迹方法原理的基础上,根据生态足迹方法,估算了2002年北京市城市交通的生态足迹.结果表明:私家车的总生态足迹是公共汽车的总生态足迹的5.67倍.说明私家车对生态环境的威胁和压力最为严重.从城市交通土地利用类型分析表明:各类交通工具的林地生态足迹和能源用地的生态足迹在总生态足迹中居主导地位,分别约占50%.据此得出优先发展城市公共交通,适度限制发展私人交通是实现城市交通可持续发展的必然选择

资源型城市转型与旅游资源开发:以铜川市为例

资源型城市的共性问题是产业结构重型化、经济结构单一,经济发展相对停滞,居民收入水平下降和生态环境严重恶化。特别是我国加入WTO后,经济结构调整与转型成为资源型城市实现经济社会可持续发展的必然选择。开发旅游资源、着力发展旅游业是资源型城市经济结构调整的重要措施之一。本文在分析旅游业对资源型城市经济发展作用的基础上,以铜川市为例,提出了资源型城市发展特色旅游业的对策。

典型农区秸秆资源利用及其影响因素探析

简析了安徽省蒙城县和吉林省德惠市典型农区秸秆资源利用现状以及影响秸秆资源利用率的因素,并提出进一步提高秸秆利用效率的途径。

从静态的断面分析到动态的过程评价:兼论资源流动的研究内容与方法

论文在简要回顾我国资源科学发展阶段及其特点的基础上,从生态学思想对资源科学研究的影响出发,认为随着经济社会的快速发展,资源开发利用过程及其效应问题将是今后相当长一段时间资源科学研究的重要领域和方向。只有深入研究资源在经济社会系统中的生命周期,才能清楚认识资源与经济、社会、环境的关系机理,才能为国家或区域资源可持续利用提供更加科学的理论依据。据此,提出了资源流动的概念,阐述了资源流动的内涵与研究方法,并以木材资源、玉米资源为例进行了说明。从某种意义上说,我国资源科学仍然处于一种静态的状态研究阶段,研究内容主

我国森林资源产品流动及其变化特征分析

论文运用物流分析的基本思想,基于我国森林资源产品产量、贸易量统计资料,采用统一单位"原木当量"(m3),估算了1981～2000年森林资源采伐和产品加工环节的资源流量,进而分析我国森林资源产品流动的变化特征。结果表明,我国从"六五"(1981～1985年)到"九五"(1996～2000年)期间,消耗森林资源量分别为10230×104、11678×104、13444×104和16962×104m3/a,呈加速增长趋势。其中,来自国外的资源流量占总流量的比重呈增加趋势,"六五"期间占19.1%,到"九五"期间

近期气候波动与LUCC过程对东北农田生产潜力的影响

利用1991~2000年逐日气象资料以及20世纪80年代末和90年代末土地利用数据,估算了东北地区气候波动和LUCC过程对农田生产潜力的影响。结果显示:90年代东北地区由于作物生长季内气候变暖和降水减少,生产潜力普遍降低6.45%,其中降水量变化的区域差异是导致生产潜力变化区域分异的主要原因。在LUCC过程的影响下,东北地区生产潜力总量净增加2402.79×104t。从气候波动和LUCC过程对生产潜力的影响程度看,气候波动要低于LUCC过程的作用,LUCC过程所导致的生产潜力的增长趋势抵消了气候波动所带来的降低趋势,10年间东北地区农田生产潜力总量净增加992.23×104t。

Facile fabrication of large area of aggregated gold nanorods film for efficient surface-enhanced Raman scattering

An effective and facile method for fabrication of large area of aggregated gold nanorods (AuNRs) film was proposed by self-assembly of AuNRs at a toluene/water interface for the first time. It was found that large area of aggregated AuNRs film could be formed at the interface of toluene and water due to the interfacial tension between the two phases. The obtained large area of aggregated AuNRs film exhibits strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity with 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) and 2-aminothiophenol (2-ATP) as the probe molecules based on the strong electromagnetic coupling effect between the very adjacent AuNRs.

3D Fe3S4 flower-like microspheres: high-yield synthesis via a biomolecule-assisted solution approach, their electrical, magnetic and electrochemical hydrogen storage properties

Well-defined 3D Fe3S4 flower-like microspheres were synthesized via a simple biomolecule-assisted hydrothermal process for the first time. On the basis of a series of contrast experiments, the probable growth mechanism and fabrication process of the products were proposed. The electrical conductivity property of the as-synthesized Fe3S4 sample exhibited a rectifying characteristic when a forward bias was applied for the bottom-contacted device. The magnetic properties of the products were studied as well and the results demonstrated that the products presented ferromagnetic properties related to the corresponding microstructure. In addition, we first verified that the Fe3S4 flower-like microspheres could store hydrogen electrochemically, and a discharge capacity of 214 mA h g(-1) was measured without any activation under normal atmospheric conditions at room temperature.

Rational Design, Synthesis, and Optical Properties of Film-Forming, Near-Infrared Absorbing, and Fluorescent Chiromophores with Multidonors and Large Heterocyclic Acceptors

A new series of film-forming, low-bandgap chromophores (1a,b and 2a,b) were rationally designed with aid of a computational study., and then synthesized and characterized. To realize absorption and emission above the 1000 nm wavelength, the molecular design focuses on lowering the LUMO level by fusing common heterocyclic units into a large conjugated core that acts an electron acceptor and increasing the charge transfer by attaching the multiple electron-donating groups at the appropriate positions of the acceptor core. The chromophores have bandgap levels of 1.27-0.71 eV, and accordingly absorb at 746-1003 nm and emit at 1035-1290 nm in solution. By design, the relatively high molecular weight (up to 2400 g mol(-1)) and non-coplanar structure allow these near-infrared (NIR) chromophores to be readily spin-coated as uniform thin films and doped with other organic semiconductors for potential device applications. Doping with [6,6]-phenyl-C-61 butyric acid methyl ester leads to a red shift in the absorption on]), for la and 2a. An interesting NIR electrochromism was found for 2a, with absorption being turned on at 1034 nm when electrochemically switched (at 1000 mV) from its neutral state to a radical cation state. Furthermore, a large Stokes shift (256-318 nm) is also unique for this multidonor-acceptor type of chromophore.

Assembly of 12-tungstosilicic acid and 4-aminobenzo-15-crown-5 ether based on the electrostatic attraction through bridging of oxonium ions on different substrates

Based on the electrostatic attraction Keggin-type polyoxometalate H4SiW12O40 (SiW12) and small molecule 4-aminobenzo-15-crown-5 ether (4-AB15C5) were alternately deposited on poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)-derived indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate through a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly, forming a supramolecular multilayer film (film-A). SiW12 was also deposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) derived by 4-AB15C5 via covalent bonding in 0.1 M NaCl aqueous solution and formed a composite monolayer film (film-B). UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements demonstrated that the interactions between SiW12 and 4-AB15C5 in both two film electrodes were the same and caused by the bridging action of oxonium ions. But, the nanostructure in the two film electrodes was different. 4-AB15C5 in film-A was oriented horizontally to ITO substrate, however, that in film-B was oriented vertically to GCE. Namely film-A corresponded to a layer structure, and film-B corresponded to an intercalation structure.