BME-based uncertainty assessment of the Chernobyl fallout

The vast territories that have been radioactively contaminated during the 1986 Chernobyl accident provide a substantial data set of radioactive monitoring data, which can be used for the verification and testing of the different spatial estimation (prediction) methods involved in risk assessment studies. Using the Chernobyl data set for such a purpose is motivated by its heterogeneous spatial structure (the data are characterized by large-scale correlations, short-scale variability, spotty features, etc.). The present work is concerned with the application of the Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) method to estimate the extent and the magnitude of the radioactive soil contamination by 137Cs due to the Chernobyl fallout. The powerful BME method allows rigorous incorporation of a wide variety of knowledge bases into the spatial estimation procedure leading to informative contamination maps. Exact measurements (?hard? data) are combined with secondary information on local uncertainties (treated as ?soft? data) to generate science-based uncertainty assessment of soil contamination estimates at unsampled locations. BME describes uncertainty in terms of the posterior probability distributions generated across space, whereas no assumption about the underlying distribution is made and non-linear estimators are automatically incorporated. Traditional estimation variances based on the assumption of an underlying Gaussian distribution (analogous, e.g., to the kriging variance) can be derived as a special case of the BME uncertainty analysis. The BME estimates obtained using hard and soft data are compared with the BME estimates obtained using only hard data. The comparison involves both the accuracy of the estimation maps using the exact data and the assessment of the associated uncertainty using repeated measurements. Furthermore, a comparison of the spatial estimation accuracy obtained by the two methods was carried out using a validation data set of hard data. Finally, a separate uncertainty analysis was conducted that evaluated the ability of the posterior probabilities to reproduce the distribution of the raw repeated measurements available in certain populated sites. The analysis provides an illustration of the improvement in mapping accuracy obtained by adding soft data to the existing hard data and, in general, demonstrates that the BME method performs well both in terms of estimation accuracy as well as in terms estimation error assessment, which are both useful features for the Chernobyl fallout study.

Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma activation stimulates keratinocyte differentiation.

Previous studies demonstrated that peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha or PPAR-delta activation stimulates keratinocyte differentiation, is anti-inflammatory, and improves barrier homeostasis. Here we demonstrate that treatment of cultured human keratinocytes with ciglitazone, a PPAR-gamma activator, increases involucrin and transglutaminase 1 mRNA levels. Moreover, topical treatment of hairless mice with ciglitazone or troglitazone increases loricrin, involucrin, and filaggrin expression without altering epidermal morphology. These results indicate that PPAR-gamma activation stimulates keratinocyte differentiation. Additionally, PPAR-gamma activators accelerated barrier recovery following acute disruption by either tape stripping or acetone treatment, indicating an improvement in permeability barrier homeostasis. Treatment with PPAR-gamma activators also reduced the cutaneous inflammatory response that is induced by phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate, a model of irritant contact dermatitis and oxazolone, a model of allergic contact dermatitis. To determine whether the effects of PPAR-gamma activators are mediated by PPAR-gamma, we next examined animals deficient in PPAR-gamma. Mice with a deficiency of PPAR-gamma specifically localized to the epidermis did not display any cutaneous abnormalites on inspection, but on light microscopy there was a modest increase in epidermal thickness associated with an increase in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining. Key functions of the skin including permeability barrier homeostasis, stratum corneum surface pH, and water-holding capacity, and response to inflammatory stimuli were not altered in PPAR-gamma-deficient epidermis. Although PPAR-gamma activators stimulated loricrin and filaggrin expression in wild-type animals, however, in PPAR-gamma-deficient mice no effect was observed indicating that the stimulation of differentiation by PPAR-gamma activators is mediated by PPAR-gamma. In contrast, PPAR-gamma activators inhibited inflammation in both PPAR-gamma-deficient and wild-type mouse skin, indicating that the inhibition of cutaneous inflammation by these PPAR-gamma activators does not require PPAR-gamma in keratinocytes. These observations suggest that thiazolidindiones and perhaps other PPAR-gamma activators maybe useful in the treatment of cutaneous disorders.

Study of adaptation and validation of the Practice environment scale of the nursing work index for the portuguese reality

Objective: Testing the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index. Method: A descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study, for the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the psychometric properties of the scale. The study participants were 236 nurses from two hospitals in the regions of Lisbon and Vale do Tejo. Results: The 0.92 Cronbach’s alpha was obtained for overall reliability and support of a five-dimension structure. Conclusion: The excellent quality of adjustment of analysis confirms the validity of the adapted version to hospital care settings, although there was no total coincidence of items in the five dimensions


A Cana de Açúcar nas relações entre Cabo Verde e Brasil

O presente trabalho trata do entendimento da evolução das relações entre Cabo Verde e Brasil, através da História Comparada sob o contexto expansional português, tendo como fio condutor a cultura da cana-de-açúcar e alguns dos factores que desencadearam o desenvolvimento e que aproximaram os dois países. Neste sentido, destaca-se a importância geográfica de Cabo Verde como entreposto de produtos e escravos, bem como as condições geográficas propícias para exploração no Brasil (apesar de distante do continente europeu), que teve a contribuição de Cabo Verde para seu crescimento, pela experimentação de culturas, ladinização de escravos e localização deste arquipélago. Em uma primeira fase, Cabo Verde enviou espécies que foram de grande importância no contexto colonial do Brasil, este que também foi recíproco neste ponto. Em uma segunda fase, vieram daquele país da América do Sul, as influências culturais. No paralelismo, especificamente sob o ponto de vista da cultura açucareira, tem-se uma noção da importância das trocas interatlânticas e da relevância sócioeconómica desencadeada, nos dois países, pelo valor comercial dos seus derivados e pela dispersão das suas técnicas de cultivo e de produção. Nota-se o legado histórico na terminologia e tecnologia açucareiras, vistas como património partilhado, onde há semelhanças de meios de produção, terminologia e identificação cultural. Este trabalho evidencia uma herança que, se por um lado desempenhou papel importante nestes países, por outro traz à tona a sua interculturalidade, vivenciada nos dias actuais, através da sua evolução histórica e outras pontes que suscitaram esta relação de influenciação mútua. No entendimento deste relacionamento, há valorização do património material e imaterial, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de Cabo Verde e do Brasil através do reconhecimento das origens, fortalecimento da identidade e promoção da cultura.

VOLUMES RELIES du Cabinet des titres : recherches de noblesse, armoriaux, preuves, histoires généalogiques. « Les Généalogies des Maistres des requestes ordinaires de l'Hostel du Roy, » par Jean BLANCHARD (Paris, 1670, in-fol).

Exemplaire imprimé, avec additions et tables mss. de Pierre Delacour.

VOLUMES RELIES du Cabinet des titres : recherches de noblesse, armoriaux, preuves, histoires généalogiques. Statuts et armoiries des chevaliers de l'Ordre du Croissant.

Copie, faite pour Gaignières, du ms. français 25204, provenant de St-Victor. — Blasons peints.

Annual report of the Iowa Highway Research Board Research and Development Activities FY 2006

The Highway Division of the Iowa Department of Transportation engages in research and development for two reasons: first, to find workable solutions to the many problems that require more than ordinary, routine investigation; and second, to identify and implement improved engineering and management practices. This report is submitted in compliance with Sections 310.36 and 312.3A, Code of Iowa, which direct the submission of a report of the Secondary Road Research Fund and the Street Research Fund, respectively. It is a report of the status of research and development projects, which were in progress on June 30, 2006; it is also a report on projects completed during the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2005, and ending June 30, 2006.

Centro vivo de Djarmai, en Cabo Verde

Se presenta el resultado del trabajo desarrollado en la Isla de Maio en Cabo Verde, entre los años 2008 y 2010, en torno al patrimonio cultural. La propuesta consistía en impulsar la revalorización de dicho patrimonio, principalmente entre sus habitantes, a través de la elaboración de un Inventario de Patrimonio Arquitectónico del centro de Vila do Maio, la capital de la isla. En 2010 este objetivo se extendió a la realización de un Inventario-Catálogo de Patrimonio Cultural de la Isla de Maio. El resultado más interesante ha sido la constatación de la existencia de un centro vivo cuya preservación pasa por la participación ciudadana en el conocimiento y la protección activa de los valores existentes, entre los que queremos destacar la que denominamos arquitectura habitual, esto es, la arquitectura relacionada con el hábitat, el habitar, los hábitos y los/as habitantes.

Överste Aimo Pajunen 10.12.1973 Helsingfors

Kirje