The rise and fall in the price of food, fuel and manufactured goods : interdependency between prices and technology determining comparative advantages and development paths

Green innovation, which enables us to extract energy from food crops, caused a food shortage in 2008. Countries suffering severe damage started to reconsider their agricultural policy with the aim of becoming more autonomous. The food price hike of the time looks like a reversal of the celebrated Singer-Prebisch thesis proposed in the 1950s. This paper examines the consequences of this trend on the comparative advantages and development strategies of developing countries. For that purpose, first, trends and short-run fluctuations in the prices of fuel and bio-energy crops are investigated. It is shown that the price series of fuels and the crops are synchronized only after the fuel extracting technology came into effect. Second, the reversal of the Singer-Prebisch thesis is underpinned by the generic form of an endogenous growth model developed by Rebelo (1991). It is shown that as an economy grows, appreciation of the non-reproducible, such as mineral resources and raw labor, over the reproducible, such as capital goods, is the norm rather than an anomaly. Third, the consequences of the food price hike and underlying capital accumulation on the development strategies of labor-abundant and low-income countries are explored. It is concluded that the impact of the food price hikes on the alteration of a development strategy is only incremental, without reinforcement from raw-labor-saving innovation. A case study of inventions by JUKI Corporation, a world-leader in the sewing machine market exemplifies the fact that, of all the major inventions the company have made, raw-labor-saving inventions have not dominated, although JUKI's machines are sold to one of the most raw-labor-intensive industries.

Segunda parte de la Historia general de Sancto Domingo y de su Orden de Predicadores / por el Maestro Fray Hernando de Castillo, de la misma orden.

Port. con escudo xil. real de Felipe II

Segunda parte de la Historia general de Sancto Domingo y de su Orden de Predicadores / por el Maestro Fray Hernando de Castillo, de la misma orden

Port. con escudo xil. real de Felipe II

Annotationes Philippi Melanchthonis in Euangeliu[m] Matth[a]ei iam recens in gratiam studiosorum editae.

Erasmus, Desiderius, m. 1536. Exomologesis siue modus confitendi. Basileae : apud Ioannem Frob., 1524. [72] h. : il. Sign.: A-I8

Annotationes Philippi Melanchthonis in Euangeliu[m] Matth[a]ei iam recens in gratiam studiosorum editae.

Hojas imp. por ambas caras

Berenguela [Material gráfico] : esposa de Alfonso VII, digna de ser reina

Plancha de acero

Handling of Uncertainty in Life Cycle Inventory by Correlated Multivariate Lognormal Distributions: Application to the Design of Supply Chain Networks

In this work, we analyze the effect of incorporating life cycle inventory (LCI) uncertainty on the multi-objective optimization of chemical supply chains (SC) considering simultaneously their economic and environmental performance. To this end, we present a stochastic multi-scenario mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) coupled with a two-step transformation scenario generation algorithm with the unique feature of providing scenarios where the LCI random variables are correlated and each one of them has the desired lognormal marginal distribution. The environmental performance is quantified following life cycle assessment (LCA) principles, which are represented in the model formulation through standard algebraic equations. The capabilities of our approach are illustrated through a case study of a petrochemical supply chain. We show that the stochastic solution improves the economic performance of the SC in comparison with the deterministic one at any level of the environmental impact, and moreover the correlation among environmental burdens provides more realistic scenarios for the decision making process.

Phraseological features in conversational routines: An integrative model of autonomy

This paper deals with the analysis of routine formulas according to their degree of independence in discourse, with the aim of establishing a gradual line which restructures Sphere III (Corpas 1996, Alvarado 2015) — where phraseological utterances belong. The system developed by Briz and the Val.Es.Co. Group (2003, 2014) will help us segment conversation and check that phraseological utterances show various degrees of independence, both in Peninsular Spanish and in Latin American Spanish, which will make it possible to restructure Sphere III. The methodology utilized corresponds to the phraseological and pragmatic approach, and the examples were extracted from the Corpus de Conversaciones Coloquiales of Briz and the Val.Es.Co. Group (2002), and from the Corpus Preseea (2014).

On terminological figurativeness: From theory to practice

Terminologists’ interest in studying the role of metaphor and metaphorical terms in specialized communication has proliferated since the first papers addressing this issue appeared in the 1990s. However, we believe that some facets of terminological meaning still remain overlooked or merit further analysis. This paper attempts to contribute to the study of one of these facets: the figurative meaning of some compound terms used in the domain of luxury marketing and business. In order to present a systematized view of this phenomenon we will adopt some theoretical tools from the Conventional Figurative Language Theory, in order to confirm the validity of some of its postulates for compound term analysis. Next, a contrastive approach between English, Spanish and Russian compound terms will put the theoretical ideas into practice with the aim of illustrating their applied and metalinguistic potential. Some basic conclusions will be offered at the end of the paper.

Independencia y fórmulas rutinarias: Reestructuración de la Esfera III

Este trabajo aborda el análisis de las unidades fraseológicas, en concreto, las fórmulas rutinarias conversacionales, según su grado de independencia, con el fin de reestructurar la Esfera III (Corpas, 1996), en la que se encuentran los enunciados fraseológicos, paremias y fórmulas rutinarias. Para ello, atenderemos al sistema de unidades que propone Briz y el Grupo Val.Es.Co. (Briz & Grupo Val.Es.Co., 2003, 2014) para la segmentación de la conversación. Con este sistema comprobaremos que los enunciados fraseológicos mostrarán diferentes grados y tipos de independencia que permitirán reestructurar la Esfera III. La metodología empleada se corresponde con el enfoque fraseológico y pragmático, y los ejemplos se han extraído del Corpus de conversaciones coloquiales (Briz & Grupo Val.Es.Co., 2002).