Indicação para o uso da terra na bacia hidrográfica do rio salobra - serra da bodoquena, mato grosso do sul

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Anthropogenic impacts on mineral weathering: A statistical perspective

Correspondence Analysis was adopted as tool for investigating the statistical structure of hydrochemical and weathering datasets of groundwater samples, with the main purpose of identifying impacts on mineral weathering caused by anthropogenic activities, namely fertilizing of farmlands. The hydrochemical dataset comprised measured concentrations of major inorganic compounds dissolved in groundwater, namely bicarbonate, silica (usually by-products of chemical weathering), chloride, sulphate and nitrate (typically atmospheric plus anthropogenic inputs). The weathering dataset consisted of calculated mass transfers of minerals being dissolved in loess sediments of a region located in SW Hungary (Szigetvár area), namely Na-plagioclase, calcite and dolomite, and of pollution-related concentrations of sodium, magnesium and calcium. A first run of Correspondence Analysis described groundwater composition in the study area as a system of triple influence, where spots of domestic effluents-dominated chemistries are surrounded by areas with agriculture-dominated chemistries, both imprinted over large regions of weathering dominated chemistries. A second run revealed that nitrification of N-fertilizers is promoting mineral weathering by the nitric acid reaction (anthropogenic pathway), in concurrence with the retreating of weathering by carbonic acid (natural pathway). It also indicated that dolomite and calcite are being players in a dedolomitization process driven by dissolution of gypsum fertilizers and nitrification of N-fertilizers. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Influência de fragmentos florestais nativos sobre os parâmetros químicos, físicos e microbiológicos de solos cultivados com cana-de-açúcar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fogo no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra/MG: abordagem dos aspectos fisiográficos e humanos na concepção de uma proposta de Manejo Integrado de Fogo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Um estudo da diversidade e atualidade da reforma agrária: análise dos tipos de assentamentos do Território Cantuquiriguaçu - estado do Paraná

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Relações entre os sistemas de produção agropecuários adotados e a qualidade da água em igarapés amazônicos de duas bacias hidrográficas na região de Paragominas (PA)

A Amazônia Brasileira encontra-se em uma posição privilegiada no cenário de escassez da água, pois a bacia Amazônica apresenta alto índice de pluviosidade e detém a maior rede hidrográfica do planeta (6.925.000 km2), da qual cerca de 63% está localizada no Brasil. Todavia, a qualidade dos recursos hídricos encontra-se ameaçada, uma vez que, desde a construção da BR-010, a rodovia Belém- Brasília, em 1958, iniciou-se um processo de ocupação acelerada da Amazônia Oriental, que tem promovido profundas mudanças na paisagem por meio do intenso desmatamento relacionado às atividades madeireiras e agropecuárias. Desse modo, considerando as significativas diferenças no uso dos recursos hídricos e os impactos ambientais sobre os mesmos, por diferentes agentes sociais, especialmente os atores envolvidos nos setores da pecuária e da agricultura de grãos na Amazônia Oriental. Pretendeu-se identificar e avaliar os fatores condicionantes que influenciam no comportamento de produtores rurais atuantes nas bacias dos igarapés Cinqüenta e Quatro e Sete, em Paragominas (PA). Nesse contexto, procurou-se verificar se esses atores utilizam técnicas agropecuárias apropriadas nos sistemas de produção adotados, incluindo o manejo do solo, e se possuem alguma preocupação pró-ativa na conservação dos igarapés amazônicos que drenam suas propriedades, e em particular na manutenção da qualidade dessas águas. Dados secundários de qualidade da água e da dinâmica do uso da terra dessas bacias embasaram o presente trabalho, tendo sido relacionados com as práticas agropecuárias e o manejo do solo adotados pelas propriedades rurais estudadas. Foram identificados alguns fatores condicionantes que influenciam no manejo praticado nas propriedades rurais, determinando as mudanças de uso da terra e de cobertura vegetal na s bacias avaliadas, e que resultam em impactos diferenciados sobre a qualidade da água nos cursos d’água. Esses fatores condicionantes são: (1) a ocupação da terra e padrões de manejo da propriedade rural adotado pelos diferentes agentes sociais atuantes nas bacias; (2) o descumprimento da legislação ambiental que institui uma política de preservação dos recursos naturais, sobretudo, dos recursos hídricos; (3) os interesses econômicos, que priorizam produtividade e lucratividade imediata, em detrimento da sustentabilidade do capital natural água; e (4) as tecnologias agropecuárias ditas conservacionistas, que não estimulam uma visão integrada entre os diferentes componentes da paisagem, desconsiderando impactos sobre os recursos hídricos. Conclui-se, desse modo, que a qualidade da água nas bacias do Igarapé Cinqüenta e Quatro e do Igarapé do Sete está comprometida, principalmente, pelas práticas agropecuárias e manejo das propriedades adotadas pelos produtores. Dentre os fatores identificados, destaca-se que a adoção ou não adoção das técnicas conservacionistas, quando não acopladas a uma visão integrada dos componentes ambientais, teve pouca influência sobre a preservação dos recursos hídricos nas bacias analisadas, assim como , de maneira geral, áreas de preservação permanente não são respeitadas. A conseqüência observada, sob a ótica da legislação brasileira, é o comprometimento do uso múltiplo da água nas bacias estudadas.

The impact of the law 10,267/2001 in the brazilian rural registration

The publication of the Law 10,267 of 08/28/2001 changed the paradigm of rural registration in Brazil, because this law known as the Law of Georeferencing has created the National Registration of Rural Property, that unifies in a common basis different registrations present in several government agencies, such as the National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA), the Secretariat of Federal Revenue, the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Natural Resources, and the National Indian Foundation. Also, this new registration system has a graphical component which has not existed until such date, where the boundaries of rural property are georeferenced to the Brazilian Geodetic System. This new paradigm has resulted in a standardization of the survey and its representation of rural properties according to the Technical Standard for Georeferencing of Rural Properties, published by INCRA in compliance with the new legislation. Due to the georeferencing, the creation of a public GIS of free access on the Internet was possible. Among the difficulties found it may be observed the great Brazilian territory, the need for specialized professionals, and especially the certification process that INCRA has to perform for each georeferenced property. It is hoped that this last difficulty is solved with the implementation of the Land Management System that will allow automated and online certification, making the process more transparent, agile and fast.

Reforma agrária e estrutura fundiária no Brasil: uma análise a partir do I Plano Nacional de Reforma Agrária

Pós-graduação em Economia - FCLAR

Erosão hídrica e transporte de sedimentos na bacia do Ribeirão Cachoeirinha, Rio Claro (SP)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da persistência de microrganismos patogênicos em solo cultivado com eucalipto e fertilizado com lodo de esgoto sanitário

Pós-graduação em Ciência Florestal - FCA

Análise multicriterial aplicado na definição de áreas prioritárias ao uso agrícola da terra da bacia do Rio Capivara, Botucatu, SP

The use of geographic information systems (GIS), combined with advanced analysis technique, enables the standardization and data integration, which are usually from different sources, allowing you to conduct a joint evaluation of the same, providing more efficiency and reliability in the decision-making process to promote the adequacy of land use. This study aimed to analyze the priority areas of the basin agricultural use of the Capivara River, Botucatu, SP, through multicriterial analysis, aiming at conservation of water resources. The results showed that the Geographic Information System Idrisi Selva combined with advanced analysis technique and the weighted linear combination method proved to be an effective tool in the combination of different criteria, allowing the determination of the adequacy of agricultural land use less subjective way. Environmental criteria were shown to be suitable for the combination and multi-criteria analysis, allowing the preparation of the statement of suitability classes for agricultural use and can be useful for regional planning and decision-making by public bodies and environmental agents because the method takes into account the rational use of land and allowing the conservation of hydrics resources.

Adequação territorial com abordagem multicriterial pela análise da combinação linear ponderada

From the characterization of biophysical attributes of the watershed (slope, soil types, capacity to land use and land cover), this article, used the multi-criteria analysis method – Weighted Linear Combination, defined priority areas for adaptation to the use of land as to its capacity of use. With this methodological approach, were created for the watershed under study, four classes, formed by different combinations of biophysical attributes (discrete data), representing levels of priorities for agricultural land use. The Multicriteria Evaluation in a GIS is suitable for the mapping of priority areas to the suitability of land use in watersheds. The geospatial information on the biophysical environment, generated from the methodological procedures described in this article, has a high positive potential to guide the rational planning of the use of natural resources and territorial occupation, besides serving as a powerful instrument to guide policies and collective processes of decision on the use and land cover.

Assoreamento de lago integrante da sub-baciado Córrego da Cascata, Botucatu, SP: implicações morfométricas

The watershed is considered a unit of territorial study, planning and land management, and is molded by the local geologic conditions and climate. Thus, this study aimed to assess the morphometric features of the subwatershed of Cascata Stream, in Botucatu (SP), and their implications for the siltation process in a lake. The assessment included indexes generated from data calculated by means of a digitalized cartographic basis georeferenced on the 1:10,000 scale using the software AutoCad map 2004. The software Quantum GIS 1.8 was also employed to generate the digital elevation model (DEM) and the map of declivities which led to the mean declivity (Dm) of the subwatershed. According to the indexes form factor (Kf), sinuosity (Is), circularity (Ic) and compacity coefficient (Kc), the subwatershed had elongated form, low propensity to floods and rapid flow. The draining density (Dd) and relief ratio (Rr) indicated more efficient mean drainage, favoring higher desiccation and mean erosive stage. The roughness coefficient (Cr) indicated that this subwatershed is suited to agriculture. The anthropic intervention at the watershed dividing line is the major factor for sediment carrying in the lake and compromises not only the landscape beauty, but also the aquatic life of this ecosystem.

Avian Use of Harvested Crop Fields in North Dakota During Spring Migration

Broad-spectrum herbicide applications and improved harvesting efficiency of crops have reduced the availability of weed seeds and waste grains for game and nongame wildlife. Over the last decade, corn and soybean plantings have steadily increased in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North Dakota, while sunflower plantings have declined. The PPR is an important corridor for migratory birds, and changes in food availabilities at stopover habitats may affect how food resources are used. In early spring 2003 and 2004, we compared bird use of harvested fields of sunflower, soybeans, small grains, and corn in the PPR of North Dakota. Across both years and all crop types, we observed 20,400 birds comprising 29 species. Flocks of Lapland Longspurs (Calcarius lapponicus) and Horned Larks (Eremophila alpestris) and flocks of Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) made up 60% and 15%, respectively, of the bird counts. We found that species richness and bird densities were higher in harvested sunflower fields and cornfields than in harvested small-grain and soybean fields, with soybean fields harboring the fewest species and lowest bird density. Blackbird densities tended to be lower in fields tilled after fall harvest than in fields not tilled. These results suggest that some granivorous bird populations in the Northern Great Plains could be positively affected by planting of row crops with postharvest vertical structure (e.g., sunflower, corn) and use of no-till land management practices.

Empathy Conditioned Conservation: “Walking-in-the-Shoes-of-Others” as a Conservation Farmer

Since the destruction and despair caused by the dust bowl of the 1930’s, Americans and their government have taken a keen interest in natural resource conservation policy on agricultural land. The Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1936 was the first farm bill to include provisions that provided payments to farmers willing to employ soil conservation measures (Cain and Lovejoy, 2004). While the main purpose of this bill was to provide financial support to impoverished farmers, the fact remains that natural resource conservation was starting to become an important issue for the American public.