978 resultados para índice de velocidade de germinação


Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O presente trabalho objetivou determinar o tempo mínimo necessário à realização do teste de germinação para sementes de B. brizantha cv. Marandu, o método de superação de dormência e a condição de temperatura que proporcionem a maior germinação no menor tempo. Numa primeira etapa, realizou-se o teste de germinação em trinta lotes de sementes, sob duas condições de temperaturas (15-35ºC e 20-35ºC), avaliadas em conjunto com três métodos para a superação de dormência (H2SO4, KNO3 e Controle), constituindo seis tratamentos. Realizaram-se contagens diárias da germinação para a determinação da data mais apropriada para o término do teste. Na segunda etapa, realizaram-se testes de germinação em oito lotes de diferentes níveis de vigor, utilizando-se os mesmos seis tratamentos e com encerramento do teste nas datas definidas na primeira etapa. Conclui-se que, para o teste de germinação de B. brizantha, a escarificação com H2SO4 e a temperatura de 20-35ºC são tratamentos que resultam na maior germinação em um menor tempo, possibilitando o encerramento do teste aos 11 dias após a semeadura.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

It was studied the influence of sugarcane straw density and light conditions on the germination of seeds of Euphorbia heterophylla under controlled conditions. The experimental design was completely randomized design with four replications of 50 seeds, and the treatments were arranged in a 6 x 5 factorial, with six amount of sugarcane straw (0, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 t ha(-1)) and 5 types of light (constant light, constant darkness, alternating light and dark, short red and far red). The seeds were germinated in plastic type boxes covered by overlapping layers of straw and kept in germination. Assessments of germination were daily computing the normal seedlings, when they presented protusion roots visible and calculated the germination speed index (IGS). It was observed that the increase of different densities of straw and different wave lengths provided germination ranged from 83 to 97% and IGS between 9.85 to 15.36. The different densities of straw and wavelength did not suppress the germination of E. heterophylla. Therefore, the species was insensitive to light, so the presence of raw sugarcane system can't be considered a potential tool for controlling this species.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Teve-se o objetivo de verificar a influência da velocidade de deslocamento na semeadura de milho, variando de 3,0 a 9,0 km h-1, em quatro condições. As variáveis analisadas foram: população de plantas emergidas, distribuição longitudinal, população com espigas e os componentes de rendimento. Concluiu-se que há aumento na percentagem de espaçamentos falhos e múltiplos e queda de espaçamentos aceitáveis ao se elevar a velocidade de semeadura. A produtividade só foi afetada quando a população de plantas com espigas foi reduzida pelo incremento de velocidade.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Teve-se o objetivo de avaliar as formas de se misturar o lubrificante sólido grafite nas sementes de milho, as dosagens e a influência desse na distribuição longitudinal e na germinação, em sementes sem e com tratamento fitossanitário, em mecanismo dosador com disco perfurado horizontal. Os fatores analisados foram: distribuição longitudinal das sementes (espaçamentos falhos, múltiplos e aceitáveis) e a porcentagem de germinação aos 7 e aos 14 dias após a instalação no germinador. Concluiu-se que o tratamento fitossanitário aumentou os espaçamentos falhos e múltiplos e reduziu os espaçamentos aceitáveis. O emprego de grafite reduziu os espaçamentos falhos e múltiplos e elevou os espaçamentos aceitáveis. A melhor forma de mistura do grafite ocorreu na máquina de tratamento fitossanitário de sementes. A distribuição longitudinal alcançou seu ponto ótimo com a dosagem de grafite de 3,37 g kg-1 de semente. As variáveis tratamento fitossanitário, mecanismo dosador e grafite não influíram na germinação das sementes de milho.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O clorofilômetro (SPAD-502, Minolta) é um aparelho portátil que permite obtenção do índice relativo de clorofila (IRC) de modo simples, rápido e não destrutivo no próprio campo, o qual se correlaciona com a concentração de N em várias culturas, e que pode tornar mais rápida a correção de deficiência, otimizando a utilização da fertirrigação. Objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar se o IRC pode ser indicativo do estado nutricional em N, podendo auxiliar no ajuste da fertirrigação nitrogenada durante o ciclo do cafeeiro. O experimento foi desenvolvido em Botucatu, SP, em área com cafeeiros do cultivar Catuaí Vermelho, com dois anos, no espaçamento de 2,5 x 0,8 m e irrigado por gotejamento. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, aplicando-se um tratamento sem adubação, mas com irrigação, e mais quatro tratamentos utilizando fertirrigação com 33, 66, 100 e 133 % da dose de N recomendada, parcelada semanalmente (52,8; 105,6; 160,0; e 212,7 kg ha-1, respectivamente). O IRC aumentou linearmente com as doses de N, e a produtividade correlacionou-se significativamente com o IRC, do florescimento até a colheita, porém não com a concentração de N foliar. Os IRCs nos cafeeiros com maior produtividade foram de 81,5 a 83,2 (florescimento e início de expansão dos frutos), de 76,2 a 78,3 (expansão dos frutos), de 68,3 a 69,8 (início da granação), de 64,0 a 65,9 (na granação) e de 61,7 a 62,7 unidades SPAD (na maturação). O clorofilômetro pode ser utilizado para definir a probabilidade de resposta ao N no decorrer do ciclo do cafeeiro.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de modelos isotrópicos de estimativa do total de radiação incidente em superfícies inclinadas e propor estimativas com base nas correlações entre os índices de claridade horizontais e inclinados, em diferentes condições de cobertura de céu, em Botucatu, SP. Foram avaliadas superfícies com inclinação de 12,85º, 22,85º e 32,85º, pelos modelos isotrópicos propostos por Liu & Jordan, Revfeim, Jimenez & Castro, Koronakis, a teoria Circunsolar, e a correlação entre os índices de claridade horizontais e inclinados, para diferentes condições de cobertura de céu. O banco de dados de radiação global utilizado corresponde ao período de 1998 a 2007, com intervalos de 4/1998 a 8/2001 para a inclinação de 22,85º, de 9/2001 a 2/2003 para 12,85º e de 1/2004 a 12/2007 para 32,85º. O desempenho dos modelos foi avaliado pelos indicadores estatísticos erro absoluto médio, raiz quadrada do quadrado médio do erro e índice d de Wilmott. Os modelos de Liu & Jordan, Koronakis e de Revfeim apresentaram os melhores desempenhos em dias nublados, em todas as inclinações. As coberturas de céu parcialmente difuso e parcialmente aberto, nos maiores ângulos de inclinação, apresentaram as maiores dispersões entre valores estimados e medidos, independentemente do modelo. As equações estatísticas apresentaram bons resultados em aplicações com agrupamentos de dados mensais.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The improper disposal of nitrogen in receiving water courses causes problems such as toxicity to living beings through the consumption of oxygen to meet the nitrogen demand, eutrophication and nitrate contamination of aquifers. For this reason it is often necessary to be carried out complementary treatment of wastewater to eliminate or reduce the concentration of this compound in the wastewater. The objective of this study is to evaluate the biological removal of nitrogen compounds using submerged aerated and anoxic filters as post-treatment of an anaerobic system, with low cost and innovative technology, which in previous studies has shown high removal efficiency of organic matter and great potential biological nitrogen compounds removal. The simple design with perforated hoses for air distribution and filling with plastic parts proved to be very efficient in relation to organic matter removal and nitrification. The system presented, in the best stage, efficiency in converting ammonia to nitrate by 71%, and produced a final effluent concentration below 10 mg / L of NH3-N. In addition, carbon concentration was removed by 77%, producing final effluent with 24 mg/L COD. However, denitrification in anoxic filter was not effective even with the addition of an external carbon source. There was a reduction of up to 56% of nitrogen caused by the process of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). The high voids space presented by this type of support material coupled with direct aeration of the sludge, allows the respiration of biomass retained between the endogenous phase, increased cell retention time and sludge retention capacity, producing a final effluent with turbidity less than 5 UT and total suspended solids around 5.0 mg/L

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Verificar a relação entre capacidade cardiorrespiratória e gordura corporal em mulheres. Foram analisadas 229 mulheres com idade entre 50 e 84 anos. Foi realizada avaliação antropométrica e calculada a razão cintura/quadril, bem como o índice de conicidade. A capacidade cardiorrespiratória foi avaliada pelo teste de caminhada de seis minutos. Com o pedômetro foi possível avaliar: velocidade, comprimento da passada e total de passos. Os resultados foram distribuídos em quartil, e a comparação feita pela análise de variância com post-hoc. A relação entre teste de caminhada de seis minutos e a antropometria foi feita pela correlação de Pearson. Os resultados revelaram que mulheres com capacidade cardiorrespiratória no quartil4 apresentaram idade estatisticamente menor (p<0,05) que as do quartil1. As medidas antropométricas apresentaram valores menores (p<0,05), quando comparados os resultados dos quartis3 e 4 com os quartis1 e 2. Conclui-se que mulheres com maior tecido adiposo e acúmulo de gordura central apresentam menor capacidade cardiorrespiratória.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Objectives: To study the relationship between the level of physical activity in daily life and disease severity assessed by the BODE index in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: Sixty-seven patients with COPD (36 men) with forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV(1)) of 39 (27-47)% predicted and age of 66 (61-72) years old were evaluated by spirometry, dyspnea levels (measured by the Medical Research Council scale, MRC) and by the 6-minute walking test (6MWT). The BODE index was calculated based on the body mass index (weight/height(2)), FEV(1), MRC and 6MWT, and then the patients were divided in four quartiles according to their scores (Quartile I: 0 to 2 points, n=15; Quartile II: 3 to 4 points, n=20; Quartile III: 5 to 6 points, n=23; Quartile IV: 7 to 10 points, n=9). Two activity monitors (DynaPort (R) and SenseWear (R)) were used to evaluate the level of physical activity in daily life. The Kruskal-Wallis test (Dunns's post-hoc test), the Mann-Whitney test and the Spearman Correlation Coefficient were used for statistical analysis. Results: There were modest correlation between the BODE index and the time spent walking per day, the total daily energy expenditure and the time spent in moderate and vigorous activities per day (-0.32 <= r <=- 0.47; p <= 0.01 for all variables). When comparing the pooled quartiles I+II with III+IV, there were significant difference between the time spent walking per day, the total daily energy expenditure and the time spent in moderate activities per day (p <= 0.05). Conclusion: The level of physical activity in daily life has a modest correlation with the classification of COPD severity assessed by the BODE index, reflecting only differences between patients with classified as mild-moderate and severe-very severe COPD.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In the present work we use a Tsallis maximum entropy distribution law to fit the observations of projected rotational velocity measurements of stars in the Pleiades open cluster. This new distribution funtion which generalizes the Ma.xwel1-Boltzmann one is derived from the non-extensivity of the Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy. We also present a oomparison between results from the generalized distribution and the Ma.xwellia.n law, and show that the generalized distribution fits more closely the observational data. In addition, we present a oomparison between the q values of the generalized distribution determined for the V sin i distribution of the main sequence stars (Pleiades) and ones found for the observed distribution of evolved stars (subgiants). We then observe a correlation between the q values and the star evolution stage for a certain range of stel1ar mass

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this work we obtain the cosmological solutions and investigate the thermodynamics of matter creation in two diferent contexts. In the first we propose a cosmological model with a time varying speed of light c. We consider two diferent time dependence of c for a at Friedmann-Robertson- Walker (FRW) universe. We write the energy conservation law arising from Einstein equations and study how particles are created as c decreases with cosmic epoch. The variation of c is coupled to a cosmological Λ term and both singular and non-singular solutions are possible. We calculate the "adiabatic" particle creation rate and the total number of particles as a function of time and find the constrains imposed by the second law of thermodynamics upon the models. In the second scenario, we study the nonlinearity of the electrodynamics as a source of matter creation in the cosmological models with at FRW geometry. We write the energy conservation law arising from Einstein field equations with cosmological term Λ, solve the field equations and study how particles are created as the magnetic field B changes with cosmic epoch. We obtain solutions for the adiabatic particle creation rate, the total number of particles and the scale factor as a function of time in three cases: Λ = 0, Λ = constant and Λ α H2 (cosmological term proportional to the Hubble parameter). In all cases, the second law of thermodynamics demands that the universe is not contracting (H ≥ 0). The first two solutions are non-singular and exhibit in ationary periods. The third case studied allows an always in ationary universe for a suficiently large cosmological term

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Introduction: The ability to walk is impaired in obese by anthropometric factors (BMI and height), musculoskeletal pain and level of inactivity. Little is known about the influence of body adiposity and the acute response of the cardiovascular system during whole the 6-minute walk test (6mWT). Objective: To evaluate the effect of anthropometric measures (BMI and WHR waist-to-hip ratio), the effort heart and inactivity in ability to walk the morbidly obese. Materials and Methods: a total 36 morbidly obese (36.23 + 11.82 years old, BMI 49.16 kg/m2) were recruited from outpatient department of treatment of obesity and bariatric surgery in University Hospital Onofre Lopes and anthropometric measurements of obesity (BMI and WHR), pulmonary function, pattern habitual physical activity (Baecke Questionnaire) and walking capacity (6mWT). The patient was checking to measure: heart rate (HR), breathing frequency (BF), peripheral oxygen saturation, level of perceived exertion, systemic arterial pressure and duplo-produto (DP), moreover the average speed development and total distance walking. The data were analysed between gender and pattern of body adiposity, measuring the behavior minute by minute of walking. The Pearson and Spearmam correlation coefficients were calculated, and stepwise multiple Regression examined the predictors of walking capacity. All analyses were performed en software Statistic 6.0. Results: 20 obese patients had abdominal adiposity (WHR = 1.01), waist circumference was 135.8 cm in women (25) and 139.8 cm in men (10). Walked to the end of 6mWT 412.43 m, with no differences between gender and adiposity. The total distance walked by obesity alone was explained by BMI (45%), HR in the sixth minute (43%), the Baecke (24%) and fatigue (-23%). 88.6% of obese (31) performed the test above 60% of maximal HR, while the peak HR achieved at 5-minute of 6mWT. Systemic arterial pressure and DP rised after walking, but with no differences between gender and adiposity. Conclusion: The walk of obese didn´t suffers influence of gender or the pattern of body adiposity. The final distance walked is attributed to excess body weight, stress heart, the feeling of effort required by physical activity and level of sedentary to obese. With a minute of walking, the obeses achieved a range of intensity cardiovascular trainning

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Muscle fatigue is a phenomenon that promotes physiological and biomechanical disorders and their changes in healthy subjects have been widely studied and have significant importance for care in preventing injuries, but we do not have many information about its effects in patients after ACL reconstruction. Thus, this study is to analyze the effects of fatigue on neuromuscular behavior of quadriceps after ACL reconstruction. To reach this objective, participants were forty men, twenty healthy (26,90 ± 6,29 years) and twenty after ACL reconstruction (29,75 ± 7,01 years) with a graft of semitendinosus and gracilis tendons, between four to six months after surgery. At first, there was an assessment of joint position sense (JPS) at the isokinetic dynamometer at a speed of 5°/s and target angle of 45° to analyze the absolute error of JPS. Next, we applied the a muscle fatigue protocol, running 100 repetitions of isokinetic knee flexion-extension at 90°/s. Concurrently with this protocol, there was the assessment of muscle performance, as the peak torque (PT) and fatigue index, and electromyographic activity (RMS and median frequency). Finally, we repeated the assessment of JPS. The statistical analysis showed that patients after ACL reconstruction have, even under normal conditions, the amended JPS compared with healthy subjects and that after fatigue, both have disturbances in the JPS, but this alteration is significantly exacerbated in patients after ACL reconstruction. About muscle performance, we could notice that these patients have a lower PT, although there are no differences between the dynamometric and EMG fatigue index. These findings show the necessity about the cares of pacients with ACL reconstruction in respect of the risks of articulate instability and overload in ligamentar graft