914 resultados para [JEL:J38] Labor and Demographic Economics - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - Public Policy


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Access is a problem of higher education in Brazil that has existed since the formalization of this has occurred since the installation of the Portuguese court in Brazil in 1808. Only 10% of young people between 18 and 24 years of age attending this level of education in 2000, arriving in 2010 just 15%, far from that determined the National Education Plan in 2001, triple that percentage by the year 2010. In addition, a majority of seats of public HEIs is populated by students from the private network, especially in high-demand courses. In this context, this study aims to identify the costs related to the trajectories of students who were successful in the vestibular UFRN editions from 2006 to 2010. Presents an overview of higher education in Brazil, a brief history of vestibular, as well as new forms of access, and some of the policies to expand such access, highlighting the argument Inclusion UFRN. Focusing on the theme of the paper presents the concepts of opportunity costs and social. After collecting data through a questionnaire and consultation of databases COMPERVE was developed to search for a descriptive and analytical, with the participation of 3,995 students, of whom 1642 (41.1%) had completed secondary education in schools public, and 2,078 (52%) in private schools. The profile indicates that 90% are single, about 50% are 21 years of age, are white and female. In the course of preparation for college entrance exams, 80% chose the course during or after completion of the last year of high school, and almost 70% said they had started preparing at that time. Findings related to the costs involved with this preparation indicate that, in most cases there were school fees and disbursements and workshops, and the purchase of books and other materials, with parents primarily responsible for this cost, the amount disbursed each month was up $ 300 for 64% of respondents and only 7% of them exceeded $ 1,000, the major non-financial costs were characterized by the following resignations: job opportunities (24%) or temporary work (20%) courses of languages (26%), leisure activities (48%), leisure travel (43%), and parties and / or shows (54%). Of social investments by the government, stand out in the tax waiver scholarships for study in private institutions, grant exemption from the registration fee of vestibular, the preparatory courses UFRN, and seminars by COMPERVE / UFRN with networks of high school. From the junction of the opportunity costs (private costs) and social costs (public costs), a new concept: the social opportunity cost, which measures the combined efforts of families and government to finance the opportunity to access higher education of an individual. This concept can and should be incorporated as a strategic vector for the sake of democratic university, which reflects the social model that is sought

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Brazil s semi-arid region is an immense territory characterized by a mosaic of natural environments and human settlements. Inside this multifaceted framework, there are problems that are specific to the region (the water resources situation, for example) while others are more universal (such as the inequality between men and women). The circumstances that give rise to these problems are complex and require a holistic view so that our understanding can go beyond the simple concept that this is a problem region . The semi-arid must be perceived as a viable area in need of a new analysis, taking into account its successes, limitations, challenges and the strategic public policy framework that guarantees its sustainable development. The dissertation analyzes, from a sustainable local development perspective, the experience of the Northeastern Brazil Groundwater Project (PROASNE), carried out from 2001 to 2003, in partnership with the Waters and Sewers Company of Rio Grande do Norte (CAERN) in the rural community of Mirandas, municipality of Caraúbas/RN, situated in the middle of the northeastern Brazil semi-arid region

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Pós-graduação em Televisão Digital: Informação e Conhecimento - FAAC

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Esta Tese tem como tema principal a biodiversidade da Amazônia, mas especificamente os animais silvestres. Tais animais vêm sofrendo um declínio em suas populações, problemas esse que se iniciou com a colonização do Brasil, nos quais os portugueses adquiriam o hábito de criar animais silvestres pelos próprios índios que aqui habitavam. Com os dados do IBAMA, dos Estados do Pará e Amazonas, foi possível perceber quais animais são mais requisitados; através da coleta de campo, pelos indivíduos dessa região, se traçou o perfil socioeducacional e quais animais estão sendo exportados para Europa via Portugal. Com os resultados tabulados, percebeu-se que as apreensões pelo IBAMA no Estado do Pará convergem para as aves, e no Estado do Amazonas para os répteis; há preferência por consumo de mamíferos nos dois Estados; existe baixa escolaridade nos dois Estados e as aves são os animais mais procurados ilegalmente para a exportação. Concluiu-se que a situação neste dois Estados é preocupante no que se refere à temática dos animais silvestres deve ser dada atenção e a acionar as Políticas Públicas para a região Amazônica como um todo.

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A contínua incorporação de áreas florestais ao processo produtivo tem acarretado mudanças significativas na paisagem. Na Amazônia, com o avanço da fronteira agrícola, bem como a consolidação de atividades produtivas em determinadas áreas, essas transformações podem ser percebidas com maior evidência. Tal problemática também é observada nas Regiões de Integração - RI do Araguaia e Tapajós, Sudeste e Sudoeste do estado do Pará, respectivamente. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo utilizar técnicas de mineração de dados e métricas de paisagem para identificar e analisar de forma automatizada os padrões de paisagens associados aos diferentes tipos de padrões de ocupação humana na Amazônia Legal, utilizando como recorte de análise, as Regiões de Integração do Araguaia e Tapajós no Estado do Pará, com dados de Uso e Cobertura da Terra do Projeto Terra Class para os anos de 2008 e 2010. Abordando, também, metodologias que visam identificar possíveis trajetórias deevolução” da paisagem, no intuito de delinear recomendações visando uma melhor utilização da terra e dos recursos naturais disponíveis e, na tomada de decisão para a gestão territorial e implementação de políticas públicas. Portanto, verificou-se que a RI do Tapajós apresenta forte dinâmica de uso e cobertura da terra entre os anos de 2008 e 2010, principalmente no que tange as classes de uso da terra. No entanto, tanto para o ano de 2008 quanto para o ano de 2010 pode-se verificar que a Região ainda possui significativa parcela de áreas com cobertura vegetal. Já para a RI do Araguaia a dinâmica de uso e cobertura da terra ocorre de forma diferenciada, com significativa alteração entre as classes durante os anos analisados. No entanto, para a RI do Araguaia assim como para a RI do Tapajós a maior intensidade da dinâmica de uso ocorre entre as classes de pastagem, sendo que para a RI do Araguaia houve relativa perda das áreas com pastagem manejada (pasto limpo) para áreas de pasto com a presença de invasoras (pasto sujo) ou em fase de regeneração. O processo de mapeamento automatizado de Tipologias de Paisagem utilizando o Plugin GeoDMA do Terra View demonstrou-se eficaz e preciso, visto que os resultados alcançados apresentam coerência com a realidade de cada Região de Integração analisada.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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A Educação de Jovens e Adultos na Unesp de Bauru, teve início em 1999, com um projeto de extensão para atender funcionários do Campus e comunidade. Dois anos depois, a PROEX organizou um Programa de Educação de Jovens e Adultos com duas dimensões: atender aos funcionários da universidade e à comunidade. Seus objetivos são: reconstruir a identidade pessoal, social e a cidadania por meio da escolaridade; possibilitar aos alunos do Curso de Pedagogia e de outras licenciaturas experiência de organizar e desenvolver projetos de alfabetização de jovens e adultos; articular atividades de capacitação, pesquisa e discussão de políticas públicas junto ao Centro de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (CEJA) da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Bauru. Desde 2002 adotou-se a metodologia de parcerias com instituições, associações e igrejas que atendiam às comunidades periféricas, incluindo levantamento da demanda e espaços comunitários para serem usados como salas de aula. O desenvolvimento do processo educacional tem sido trabalhado por alunos universitários bolsistas e voluntários sob orientação de professores do Departamento de Educação da Faculdade de Ciências Unesp/Bauru. A universidade promove também cursos de formação para todos os campi envolvidos no PEJA. Os resultados obtidos em Bauru apontam para a realização dos objetivos propostos, para a constituição da identidade social dos participantes e sua inserção na sociedade enquanto cidadãos e para a formação dos alunos universitários e seu papel como educadores.

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This work aims at the debate about the role of professional public relations practices in the Public Sector Governance, building concepts through policies to encourage public communication. The democratic regime in place in most national states gave up the struggle of social actors in the quest for greater participation and representation in public policy decisions. The communication processes established in the state-society relationship is not limited to the dissemination of information but should lead the public involvement in changing social reality. And public relations are responsible for the mediation in the dialectic of communication between governments and governed

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This work aims at presenting the historical and social path traversed in Brazil since slavery until the implementation of affirmative public policies to promote racial equality, at the local level, in the municipality of Presidente Prudente-SP. Therefore, the starting point was the equal rights guaranteed by the Constitution. As a result, there was a brief historical path of national trajectory, starting from slavery to the so-called cordial racism, seeking to demonstrate the route of racial discrimination in the country. Later, we made notes about the necessity and debate on public policy statements of various fields, were made explicit in the text and the articles of the Constitution which prescribe the crime of racism and some of the situations that were highlighted in the national media. The focus in the city of Presidente Prudente was through historical research, interviews, photographic records and documents that informed about the presence of black people in the city. From these data, based on previous research, it was possible to trace the formation and development of the Black Movement in the city and thus point the way to the formation of this City Council for Racial Equality and the need for application of affirmative action policies for the municipality by hereby. Data from the 2000 Census and 2010 indicate the demand of Presidente Prudente as the percentage of blacks self-declared grew this decade. The main demands are paring the areas of Health since the rate of black women Administrative Region (RA) of Presidente Prudente who die in puerperium and high; Education through enhanced, by the Municipal Education Law No. 10,639, and due attention to african-Brazilian culture by respecting the religious manifestations of African origin among others... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Urban space occupation occurs in an extremely disordered way. Political, economical and social aspects converge to create a problem that affects mostly poor people who are impelled to occupy areas where social and environmental problems are likely to emerge. Floods, landslides and different forms of pollution have more effects on the most vulnerable groups. In many cases, actions taken by the government legitimate this structure and reinforce its reproduction. This work seeks to confirm both that poor people are vulnerable to social and environmental problems resulting from inappropriate urban solid waste disposal and that the local government contributes to this situation. It is assumed that the issue is related first to the government’s disregard for poor people who live in unhealthy places and, second, to the inability of such people to demand for better living conditions. In this study, a waste disposal area within Jardim Graminha neighborhood in Leme (São Paulo) was selected to be analyzed by means of systematic observation. The study clearly shows that poor people living near that area where different types of garbage are disposed are vulnerable and the government does not control the situation. It is also pointed out that governmental intervention and the use of political and technical tools are necessary for planning and managing the area to mitigate these problems and to decrease poor people’s social and environmental vulnerability.

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This article aims to further discuss the Local Productive Arrangements (APLs), considering some geographical visions thinking about spatial configuration and the economic and social processes that characterize them, configuring a wide range of territorialities and productive territories that mark the landscape current Brazilian. In this sense, APLs are present today in both the figure of those who study analytical concept for regional development, and as a public policy supporting networks and supply chains in their territorial bases, especially small businesses. Thus, this arrangements can be read, geographically, as territorial productive specializations that are configured in spatial circuits of production, integrated with other regions, localities and supply chains through the morphology of networks and districts and grounded in networks of urban networks of material and immaterial flows which are bringing urban centers of different sizes. Considering the multidimensionality of the subject, the clusters have certain weaknesses in terms of their assumptions and perspectives, especially the limitations of the tool if designed just for resources and policies applied at the local level. Suggest the approach of a "geography of APLs" is to seek treat it from a territorial and socio reading.