Planificación tributaria aplicada al segmento económico del transporte aéreo internacional de pasajeros y carga

El presente estudio tiene como propósito analizar los aspectos generales de la planificación tributaria en el Ecuador aplicado al segmento del transporte aéreo Internacional; el concepto, características, políticas, metas tributarias e importancia. Iniciaremos nuestro estudio analizando las características financieras y tributarias del transporte aéreo internacional y los tributos a los cuales se somete este segmento de la economía, detallando su forma peculiar de contribuir al Estado en materia de impuesto a la renta, impuesto al valor agregado e impuesto a la salida de divisas. Continuaremos con el estudio de la Planificación Tributaria en el Ecuador como una herramienta administrativa que tiene como finalidad determinar el pago de la cantidad justa que le corresponde al contribuyente por concepto de tributos, la misma también ayudará a consolidar procesos gerenciales, tales como la planificación creativa en vez de la rutinaria, la valoración de la reputación en el mismo nivel del capital financiero y los aportes tributarios al presupuesto general del Estado, en lugar de la evasión. Finalmente se expone a manera de ejemplos prácticos algunas de las alternativas legales que se pueden optar como criterios en la aplicación del proceso de planificación tributaria.

Modelo para la Gestión Integrada de Empresa de Transporte Aéreo. Caso AeroGal

El modelo elaborado a través de una investigación sobre gestión integral constituye un referencial valido para las empresas, contribuye con información que pueden fortalecer la productividad e incrementar la rentabilidad siempre que tenga un adecuado control y seguimiento del modelo. Con los antecedentes descritos se hace necesario establecer un modelo de control de cumplimiento de la estrategia y visión de la gestión de la empresa que evite redundancias y promueva la alineación hacia el mismo objetivo, por lo que se ha considerado necesario implementar un Balanced SoreCard para el control y tratamiento de la gestión, confortado además con la Economía del Conocimiento el cual describe las barreras organizacionales para el éxito del modelo. El BSC se justifica aún más al conocer que hoy en día las empresas tienen la necesidad de integrar sus sistemas de gestión mediante la alineación de la estrategia con la operación empresarial. Sin embargo una de las características de los sistemas actuales es el cumplimiento exclusivo de la norma, por lo tanto los esfuerzos se orientan en forma aislada, situación que corrige la implementación del Cuadro de Mando Integral.

Apropiación del espacio público: intervenciones escénicas en los buses de transporte urbano de la ciudad de Quito

El presente trabajo investigativo se concentra en analizar la propuesta escénica de tres grupos artísticos de la capital, quienes pensaron que subirse a un bus era la mejor apuesta contra la rutina y el espacio preciso para dar rienda suelta a la creatividad sin pagar pasaje. Se plantea, entonces, una reflexión acerca de su narrativa y apuesta estética en un espacio privado que usa las vías públicas y en el que se genera varias tensiones, pero que se disipan mientras los actores se bajan por la puerta de atrás. El presente estudio permite reflexionar sobre el espacio público, el espacio privado, sobre la ciudad y el arte que se apropia ‐sin permiso‐ de las calles, esquinas, plazas y parques. Vivir la ciudad, habitar sus lugares, demandan una serie de actos que transgredan la cotidianidad de la gente, con el fin de sacarlos de su confort citadino. Vale preguntarse, entonces, ¿cuáles son las alternativas para apropiarse del espacio público y proponer alternativas de socialización que no sean impuestas? El trabajo de estos grupos nos da una pauta por donde transitan las ideas sin el visto bueno de los burócratas de ocasión. El bus rueda en el imaginario de los quiteños como un verdugo al que se lo necesita por obligación. Por lo tanto, esta investigación nos llevará por distintas “paradas” que el chofer que escribe debe respetar: contando, sistematizando y dialogando con autores y artistas que hagan del viaje de ida una aventura reflexiva y placentera. Pasajes a la mano.

Planificación tributaria como herramienta para la optimización de la carga impositiva en las empresas de carga y transporte terrestre en el Ecuador

La Planificación Tributaría, es un factor importante a ser considerado por quienes realizan y administran negocios, ya que al iniciar las actividades económicas, el objetivo es generar una ganancia, optimizando los costos y con el menor riesgo. Los tributos constituyen uno de los componentes de los costos y su manejo debe ser direccionado al cumplimiento de la normativa, con la finalidad de obtener los beneficios que otorga la Administración Tributaria conforme a la aplicación de la legislación vigente, de esta forma seevita riegos innecesarios que perjudiquen al negocio. La optimización de los costos impositivos da como resultado una mayor utilidad, para ello es necesario establecer las estrategias más adecuadas. La Planificación Tributaria varía dependiendo del tipo de contribuyente y su actividad económica, por lo que no existe un modelo específico al cual ceñirse. Esta investigación ha recogido los principales puntos para una eficiente Planificación Tributaria dentro de las Empresas de Transporte de Carga Terrestre, considerando la imposición nacional y seccional como incentivos tributarios, exenciones, reducciones, escudos fiscales, deducciones, que contribuyan al ahorro de la carga fiscal.

Nonbreeding-Season Drivers of Population Dynamics in Seasonal Migrants: Conservation Parallels Across Taxa

For seasonal migrants, logistical constraints have often limited conservation efforts to improving survival and reproduction during the breeding season only. Yet, mounting empirical evidence suggests that events occurring throughout the migratory life cycle can critically alter the demography of many migrant species. Herein, we build upon recent syntheses of avian migration research to review the role of non-breeding seasons in determining the population dynamics and fitness of diverse migratory taxa, including salmonid fishes, marine mammals, ungulates, sea turtles, butterflies, and numerous bird groups. We discuss several similarities across these varied migrants: (i) non-breeding survivorship tends to be a strong driver of population growth; (ii) non-breeding events can affect fitness in subsequent seasons through seasonal interactions at individual- and population-levels; (iii) broad-scale climatic influences often alter non-breeding resources and migration timing, and may amplify population impacts through covariation among seasonal vital rates; and (iv) changes to both stationary and migratory non-breeding habitats can have important consequences for abundance and population trends. Finally, we draw on these patterns to recommend that future conservation research for seasonal migrants will benefit from: (1) more explicit recognition of the important parallels among taxonomically diverse migratory animals; (2) an expanded research perspective focused on quantification of all seasonal vital rates and their interactions; and (3) the development of detailed population projection models that account for complexity and uncertainty in migrant population dynamics.

Detecting recombination in 4-taxa DNA sequence alignments with Bayesian hidden Markov models and Markov chain Monte Carlo

This article presents a statistical method for detecting recombination in DNA sequence alignments, which is based on combining two probabilistic graphical models: (1) a taxon graph (phylogenetic tree) representing the relationship between the taxa, and (2) a site graph (hidden Markov model) representing interactions between different sites in the DNA sequence alignments. We adopt a Bayesian approach and sample the parameters of the model from the posterior distribution with Markov chain Monte Carlo, using a Metropolis-Hastings and Gibbs-within-Gibbs scheme. The proposed method is tested on various synthetic and real-world DNA sequence alignments, and we compare its performance with the established detection methods RECPARS, PLATO, and TOPAL, as well as with two alternative parameter estimation schemes.

The challenge of maintaining Atlantic forest biodiversity: A multi-taxa conservation assessment of specialist and generalist species in an agro-forestry mosaic in southern Bahia

Recent developments have highlighted the importance of forest amount at large spatial scales and of matrix quality for ecological processes in remnants. These developments, in turn, suggest the potential for reducing biodiversity loss through the maintenance of a high percentage of forest combined with sensitive management of anthropogenic areas. We conducted a multi-taxa survey to evaluate the potential for biodiversity maintenance in an Atlantic forest landscape that presented a favorable context from a theoretical perspective (high proportion of mature forest partly surrounded by structurally complex matrices). We sampled ferns, butterflies, frogs, lizards, bats, small mammals and birds in interiors and edges of large and small mature forest remnants and two matrices (second-growth forests and shade cacao plantations), as well as trees in interiors of small and large remnants. By considering richness, abundance and composition of forest specialists and generalists, we investigated the biodiversity value of matrix habitats (comparing them with interiors of large remnants for all groups except tree), and evaluated area (for all groups) and edge effects (for all groups except trees) in mature forest remnants. our results suggest that in landscapes comprising high amounts of mature forest and low contrasting matrices: (1) shade cacao plantations and second-growth forests harbor an appreciable number of forest specialists; (2) most forest specialist assemblages are not affected by area or edge effects, while most generalist assemblages proliferate at edges of small remnants. Nevertheless, differences in tree assemblages, especially among smaller trees, Suggest that observed patterns are unlikely to be stable over time. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Untangling associations between chironomid taxa in Neotropical streams using local and landscape filters

1. Analyses of species association have major implications for selecting indicators for freshwater biomonitoring and conservation, because they allow for the elimination of redundant information and focus on taxa that can be easily handled and identified. These analyses are particularly relevant in the debate about using speciose groups (such as the Chironomidae) as indicators in the tropics, because they require difficult and time-consuming analysis, and their responses to environmental gradients, including anthropogenic stressors, are poorly known. 2. Our objective was to show whether chironomid assemblages in Neotropical streams include clear associations of taxa and, if so, how well these associations could be explained by a set of models containing information from different spatial scales. For this, we formulated a priori models that allowed for the influence of local, landscape and spatial factors on chironomid taxon associations (CTA). These models represented biological hypotheses capable of explaining associations between chironomid taxa. For instance, CTA could be best explained by local variables (e.g. pH, conductivity and water temperature) or by processes acting at wider landscape scales (e.g. percentage of forest cover). 3. Biological data were taken from 61 streams in Southeastern Brazil, 47 of which were in well-preserved regions, and 14 of which drained areas severely affected by anthropogenic activities. We adopted a model selection procedure using Akaike`s information criterion to determine the most parsimonious models for explaining CTA. 4. Applying Kendall`s coefficient of concordance, seven genera (Tanytarsus/Caladomyia, Ablabesmyia, Parametriocnemus, Pentaneura, Nanocladius, Polypedilum and Rheotanytarsus) were identified as associated taxa. The best-supported model explained 42.6% of the total variance in the abundance of associated taxa. This model combined local and landscape environmental filters and spatial variables (which were derived from eigenfunction analysis). However, the model with local filters and spatial variables also had a good chance of being selected as the best model. 5. Standardised partial regression coefficients of local and landscape filters, including spatial variables, derived from model averaging allowed an estimation of which variables were best correlated with the abundance of associated taxa. In general, the abundance of the associated genera tended to be lower in streams characterised by a high percentage of forest cover (landscape scale), lower proportion of muddy substrata and high values of pH and conductivity (local scale). 6. Overall, our main result adds to the increasing number of studies that have indicated the importance of local and landscape variables, as well as the spatial relationships among sampling sites, for explaining aquatic insect community patterns in streams. Furthermore, our findings open new possibilities for the elimination of redundant data in the assessment of anthropogenic impacts on tropical streams.

Fusões e aquisições como fator estratégico nas empresas de logística especializadas no transporte de cargas terrestres do Estado de São Paulo

Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Mestrado em Administração da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul - USCS

A integração de sistema transporte público de passageiros na região do Grande ABC: oportunidades e obstáculos

FERRARO, Clovis José Ramos. A integração de sistema transporte público de passageiros na região do Grande ABC: oportunidades e obstáculos. 2011. 145f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Administração) - Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul, São Caetano do Sul, 2012.

Atratividade setorial no transporte aéreo de passageiros no Brasil

Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Administração - Mestrado como requisito para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Administração

Influência da educação corporativa sobre a relação entre aprendizagem e carreira: estudo em uma empresa de transporte de cargas

Esse estudo se propõe analisar se a participação dos indivíduos em programas pertencentes à Educação Corporativa apresenta efeitos sobre a carreira e sobre o desenvolvimento pessoal dos colaboradores. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho, exploratório, em uma organização do segmento de transportes de cargas. Participaram do estudo líderes departamentais, sendo que para obtenção de dados foi utilizada uma entrevista baseada em roteiro semiestruturado. Como resultados, identificaram-se os caminhos da educação corporativa e desenvolvimento da carreira. Desta forma, foi possível caracterizar um modelo e exemplo prático de educação corporativa às empresas de transportes de cargas, contribuindo para a formação de uma cultura organizacional. Conclui-se que se têm efeitos sobre a participação dos colaboradores nos programas de Educação Corporativa.