986 resultados para salinas
Resumo:
A preservação e o armazenamento de células e tecidos têm sido utilizados largamente em pesquisa científica e aplicações clínicas. No entanto, há uma aparente contradição entre o conceito de preservaão e as conclusões baseadas em resultados experimentais que materiais biológicos criopreservados podem ser danificados pelo próprio processo de preservação. A compreensão do processo de solidificação de soluções salinas é fundamental para a proposição de novos protocolos de criopreservação. No presente estudo, o congelamento de uma solução de cloreto de sódio a 1% em massa é simulado. As equações de conservação de massa, momentum, energia, e espécies químicas foram discretizadas e resolvidas numericamente utilizando-se o método dos volumes de controle para um domínio bidimensional que contém a parede da bolsa plástica e a solução salina. A perda de água da célula foi calculada a partir da história de temperatura e concentração durante o processo de solidificação e verificou-se que, dependendo da posição inicial da célula na bolsa, a célula tem probabilidades diferentes de sobreviver durante o processo.
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Este estudo avalia a dinâmica de correntes de densidade conservativas através da análise da influência dos principais parâmetros que atuam no escoamento: a diferença de massa específica (Dr) entre os fluidos, a declividade do canal e o volume inicial. As correntes simuladas com soluções salinas em canal unidimensional utilizaram massa específica inicial numa faixa que variou de 1010 kg/m3 a 1045 kg/m3. Também foram conduzidos ensaios em canal bidimensional onde a declividade foi variada de –0,5º a 4º, utilizando soluções salinas de 1010 kg/m3 e 1022 kg/m3. Em ambos os canais, os volumes iniciais foram variados para verificar sua influência no escoamento. Os resultados mostraram que a variação de apenas 1% em Dr provoca um acréscimo de 25% na velocidade média da corrente, indicando que esse parâmetro é determinante na sua dinâmica. O escoamento da corrente apresenta um regime não permanente, sendo que há uma aceleração no início do movimento até que se atinja a velocidade máxima, seguido de uma desaceleração da corrente. Durante o escoamento, a velocidade de avanço da cabeça da corrente apresenta oscilações com uma freqüência principal definida. A correlação dessa freqüência com a freqüência de desprendimento de vórtices, através do número de Strouhal (St), é forte, sugerindo que na simulação física de correntes de densidade, não só o número de Froude Densimétrico deve ser respeitado, mas também o número de Strouhal.
Resumo:
The work below, in its speculative fraction, analyses the causes of conflict existent be-tween the different areas of the present companies. The work also expose the main conse-quences of the conflict and the responses of the high executives. Through several authors point of view it also contains fragments about the participation of mediators, as instruments of cooperation and solutions of conflicts, in the interdepartamental conflict and how we must deal with the conflict in the companies. In its experimental section, tries to identify the past facts, the symptoms, the causes and the sources of the conflict in the areas of Banco do Brasil and the interrelation with the existent research about the theme. At last, presents the conclusions and recommendations of the author of the work and the suggestions of the employees that were analyzed, with the objective of improving the rela-tions between the different areas of Banco do Brasil.
Resumo:
Apresentar os elementos constitutivos essenciais e descrever as dinâmicas interativas básicas constituintes da "Síndrome de John Wayne" - SJW- são os objetivos primários deste trabalho. A SJW é um estilo de gestão e perfil de gestor marcados por uma concepção de sucesso que cega o indivíduo para as peculiaridades dos períodos de crises organizacionais. Baseando-se em fórmulas e procedimentos que lhe garantiram o sucesso em tempos de bonança, o portador da SJW nas crises desenvolve ações cujas conseqüências, em geral, agravam ainda mais esse período de exceção. Por outro lado, a pesquisa pretende também demonstrar que a SJW é atributo individual não só tolerado, como desejado pelas companhias em tempos de bonança, pois está em harmonia com formas organizacionais de um tecido social que enfatiza a projeção pessoal, sob os auspícios da fama e da celebridade, como sinônimo de sucesso. Assim, a SJW evoca o desejo desse gestor de ser um herói. Ele almeja ser um herói nos moldes do ideal heróico "épico", mas o século XXI flerta com a celebridade, sendo o ato heróico celebrado um dos recursos pará atingir essa condição
Resumo:
Análise das comunicações externas corporativas em situações de crise, com ênfase nas relações empresa-imprensa. A crise enfocada é o acidente maior, oriundo de falhas humano tecnológicas, cujas conseqüências ultrapassam as fronteiras organizacionais e repercutem amplamente nos veículos de comunicação de massa. A abordagem privilegia possibilidades de interação com os veículos impressos de comunicação de massa que concorrem para minimizar ou agravar as dificuldades pelas quais passa a organização. O estudo se propõe discutir o conceito de crise, acidente maior, comunicações de crise e interação com a imprensa durante a crise, e relacioná-los a um modelo de empresa que reflete os ditames da comunicação corporativa, que a apresenta e a relaciona com o meio externo. A queda do Fokker 100, da TAM, em 1996, apresenta se como matéria para breve reflexão sobre a evolução de uma crise no contexto brasileiro. Desenvolvido através da análise de notícias veiculadas em diários e periódicos de expressão nacional, o caso também propicia o entendimento de como as comunicações sobre o acidente, com e através dos jornalistas, são dificultadas e agravadas por opções e posturas de divulgação de fatos que refletem um modelo de organização
Resumo:
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo propor a criação de um Museu do Sal na localidade de Praia Seca, Araruama- RJ. O museu tem como objetivo pesquisar e comunicar as memórias sobre os saberes e fazeres da atividade salineira e a história da formação da localidade de Praia Seca. Pretende compartilhar com os princípios da Nova Museologia quanto ao seu plano de integração ao meio-ambiente e à participação ativa da comunidade de Praia Seca. O acervo a ser constituído contará principalmente com depoimentos de diferentes atores participantes da história da atividade salineira de Praia Seca, utilizando a metodologia da história oral. Pretendemos que o Museu do Sal seja um “lugar de memória” e que a relação dele com a cidade contribua para a valorização das memórias e a escrita da história local assim como o desenvolvimento e dinamismo do lugar.
Resumo:
This dissertation is an attempt to understand how families with an income of up to three minimum wages and living in different Areas of Demographic Expansion (AEDs) of Natal municipality specifically in the districts of Igapó and Salinas (North Administrative Zone of the city), Ponta Negra (South Administrative Zone), Santos Reis, Praia do Meio, Areia Preta and Mãe Luíza (East Administrative Zone) and Felipe Camarão (West Administrative Zone) solve their problems of urban mobility. It is, therefore, a reflection upon the mobility needs of poor urban households as expressed in terms of origin-destiny displacements for specific movements (house-work, house-school, house-shopping, house-healthcare and house-leisure), all of which being analyzed within the relationship between public transportation and poverty spaces of the city. In order to develop the study, theoretical aspects and themes related to the production of the urban space, to social and spatial segregation, to urban mobility and to transportation were confronted with the collected data referring to the urban population previously selected. One of the research main findings is the crucial role mobility plays in the social differentiation of such people living in Natal and that any policy for the improvement of their living conditions must take mobility issues into account
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One of the major current challenges for oilwell companies is the extraction of oil from evaporitic zones, also known as pre-salt basins. Deep reservoirs are found under thick salt layers formed from the evaporation of sea water. Salt layers seal the flow of oil from underneath rock formations, which store hydrocarbons and increase the probability of success in oil and gas exploration. Oilwells are cemented using Portland-based slurries to promote mechanical stability and zonal isolation. For pre-salt oilwells, NaCl must be added to saturate the cement slurries, however, the presence of salt in the composition of slurries affects their overall behavior. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of 5 to 25% NaCl on selected properties of Portland-based slurries. A series of tests were carried out to assess the rheological behavior, thickening time, free water and ultrassonic compressive strength. In addition, the slurries were also characterized by thermal analysis, X ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the addition of NaCl affected the thickening time of the slurries. NaCl contents up to 10% shortened the thickening time of the slurries. On the other hand, concentrations in excess of 20% not only extended the thickening time, but also reduced the strength of hardened slurries. The addition of NaCl resulted in the formation of a different crystalline phase called Friedel´s salt, where free chlorine is bonded to tricalcium aluminate
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One of the great challenges at present time related with the materials area concerns of products and processes for use in petroleum industry, more precisely related to the Pre-salt area. Progresses were reached in the last years allowing the drilling of the salt layer, with the time reduction for drilling and larger success at the end. For the oil wells companies the preponderant factor is the technology, however, in spite of the progress, a series of challenges is still susceptible to solutions and one of them refers to the slurries preparation for cementing in those areas. Inside of this context, this study had for objective to analyze the influence of the salts NaCl, KCl, CaSO4 and MgSO4 in strength and chemical structure of the hydrated products. As methodology, they were prepared and analyzed cement slurries with varied concentrations of these salts that are commonly found in the saline formations. The salts concentrations used in formulations of the slurries were of 5%, 15% and 30%. The slurries were formulated with specific weight of 15,8 lb / gal and the cement used was Class G. Strength tests were accomplished in samples cured by 24 hours and 28 days. Also were realized crystallographic characterization (XRD) and morphologic (SEM). In agreement with the presented results, it is observed that the largest resistance values are attributed to the slurries with concentration of 15%. There was reduction of the strength values of the slurries formulated with concentration of 30%. Through the characterization microstructural it was possible to note the salts influence in the main cement hydrated products
Resumo:
One of the major challenges faced nowadays by oil companies is the exploration of pre-salt basins. Thick salt layers were formed in remote ages as a consequence of the evaporation of sea water containing high concentrations of NaCl and KCl. Deep reservoirs can be found below salt formations that prevent the outflow of oil, thus improving the success in oil prospection. The slurries used in the cement operations of salt layers must be adequate to the properties of those specific formations. At the same time, their resulting properties are highly affected by the contamination of salt in the fresh state. It is t herefore important to address the effects of the presence of salt in the cement slurries in order to assure that the well sheath is able to fulfill its main role to provide zonal isolation and mechanical stability. In this scenario, the objective of the present thesis work was to evaluate the effect of the presence of NaCl and KCl premixed with cement and 40% silica flour on the behavior of cement slurries. Their effect in the presence of CO2 was also investigated. The rheological behavior of slurries containing NaCl and KCl was evaluated along with their mechanical strength. Thermal and microstructural tests were also carried out. The results revealed that the presence of NaCl and KCl affected the pozzolanic activity of silica flour, reducing the strength of the hardened slurries containing salt. Friedel´s salt was formed as a result of the bonding between free Cl- and tricalcium aluminate. The presence of CO2 also contributed to the degradation of the slurries as a result of a process of carbonation/bicarbonataion
Crescimento e nutrição de plantas de leucena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) R. de Vit) sob salanidade
Resumo:
Excessive salt can to promote water soil retention, reducing your availability to plants. Besides, they can interfere in protoplasm metabolism. The plants ability to survive in salinity conditions is an important factor to geographic distribution and agriculture in salinized regions. The objective of this work was to verify the effects of the NaCl in the growth, dry matter distribution and N, K, Ca, Mg, Na, and Cl content in young plants. The experiment was conducted in 'Leonard' pots, with nutrient solutions, with NaCl ( 0, 25, 50 and 100 mmol L(-1)). Increasing of NaCl concentration reduces growth and total dry matter. There was an increase of N and K content, in shoots, and N and Mg content in roots. There was an reduction in Mg content in shoots, and reduction of Ca content in roots with increasing of NaCl. Leucaena plants were inefficient to exclude Na and Cl, in shoots principally.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
The production of petroleum is frequently accomplished with great volumes of water, that it is carried of the underground with the oil. It is a challenge of the present century the development of technologies that allow the use of waste water for purposes that consume great amounts of water and don't demand as rigid as the one of the drinking water requirements. The solar distillation has been configuring as an alternative of clean technology for desalination of brine and saline. Besides causing the minimum possible damage to the environment, it takes advantage of an abundant and free energy source: the solar energy. That study aims to develop a Solar Distillator for treatment of the produced water of the oil wells, to obtain an efluent to use in agriculture and vapor generation. The methodology for collection, conservation and analysis of the physical-chemical parameters obeyed the norms in APHA (1995). The sampling was of the composed type. Experiments were accomplished in the solar distillation pilot and simulation in thermostatic bathing. The operation was in batch system and for periods of 4, 6 and 12 h. The developed Distillator is of the type simple effect of two waters. It was still tested two inclination angles for covering; 20º and 45º. The Distillator presented minimum of 2,85 L/m2d revenues and maximum of 7,14 L/m2d. The removals of salts were great than 98%. The removal of TOC in the simulation was great than 90%. In agreement with the data of energy and mass balance, it was verified that the developed solar Distillator presented compatible revenues with those found in literature for similar types. It can be inferred that the obtained distilled water assists to the requirements CONAMA in almost all the points and could be used for irrigation of cultures such as cotton and mamona. As the distilled water has characteristics of fresh water it can be used in the generation of vapor