Audit report on the Iowa Law Enforcement Academy for the year ended June 30, 2006

Audit report on the Iowa Law Enforcement Academy for the year ended June 30, 2006

Iowa Law Enforcement Academy FY2007 Annual Report

FY2007 Annual Report

Un regard sur la politique forestière suisse (essai)

In the form of an essay, the author proposes a review of the reasons behind the recent changes in forestry policy. He identifies two explanatory elements and goes into these in more detail: the loss in cohesion in sectorial forestry logic since the 1980s, and the internal division which has arisen on account of the failure to put through the partial revision of the Federal Forestry Law. Firstly, it is clear that forestry practice continues to function on a sectorial basis, even though the management of resources increasingly extends between sectors. Accordingly, he also sees forestry management as being restricted by exterior influences. Secondly, the dichotomy between production and protection weakens the forestry community. The author hopes forestry will be able to overcome these problems and thus become (once more) an influential political protagonist.

Cashing by the hour: Why large law firms prefer hourly fees over contingent fees

Large law firms seem to prefer hourly fees over contingent fees. Thispaper provides a moral hazard explanation for this pattern of behavior.Contingent legal fees align the interests of the attorney with those ofthe client, but not necessarily with those of the partnership. We showthat the choice of hourly fees is a solution to an agency problem withmultiple principals, where the interests of one principal (law firm)collide with the interests of the other principal (client).

Gross – to – Net Payroll Calculation Program Human Resources Information System (HRIS), 2000

Gross-to-Net is a payroll calculator modeled after the actual payroll calculation used for state employees’ paychecks. This calculator can be used to project changes in net pay when there are changes in pay amounts, hours worked, mandatory and voluntary deductions, including all pre-tax deductions such as retirement, insurances, deferred compensation or flexible spending plans. Federal and state tax withholding, retirement rates, OASDI and Medicare (FICA) are calculated using current rates.

Towards equivalent health care of prisoners: European soft law and public health policy in Geneva.

Prisoners have a right to health care and to be protected against inhumane and degrading treatment. Health care personnel and public policy makers play a central role in the protection of these rights and in the pursuit of public health goals. This article examines the legal framework for prison medicine in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland and provides examples of this framework that has shaped prisoners' medical care, including preventive measures. Geneva constitutes an intriguing example of how the Council of Europe standards concerning prison medicine have acquired a legal role in a Swiss canton. Learning how these factors have influenced implementation of prison medicine standards in Geneva may be helpful to public health managers elsewhere and encourage the use of similar strategies.

Is the person trade-off a valid method for allocating health care resources? Some caveats

The Person Trade-Off (PTO) is a methodology aimed at measuring thesocial value of health states. The rest of methodologies would measure individualutility and would be less appropriate for taking resource allocation decisions.However few studies have been conducted to test the validity of the method.We present a pilot study with this objective. The study is based on theresult of interviews to 30 undergraduate students in Economics. We judgethe validity of PTO answers by their adequacy to three hypothesis of rationality.First, we show that, given certain rationality assumptions, PTO answersshould be predicted from answers to Standard Gamble questions. This firsthypothesis is not verified. The second hypothesis is that PTO answersshould not vary with different frames of equivalent PTO questions. Thissecond hypothesis is also not verified. Our third hypothesis is that PTOvalues should predict social preferences for allocating resources betweenpatients. This hypothesis is verified. The evidence on the validity of themethod is then conflicting.

Protecting Your Spouse When You Go to a Nursing Home, July 2007

The Spousal Impoverishment Protection Law Have you ever wondered… What will happen if your spouse is not able to live at home because of poor health or confusion? Will you have to spend all of your resources to pay for your spouse’s nursing home care before Medicaid will help? The answer is, “NO”! You have protection from losing all income and assets to pay for your spouse’s care in the nursing home when your spouse qualifies for Medicaid.

Consumer Advisory Bulletin, The "Right-to-Cancel" Law - Know Your Rights!, May 2006

The Attorney General’s Consumer Protection Division receives hundreds of calls and consumer complaints every year. Follow these tips to avoid unexpected expense and disappointments. This record is about: The "Right-to-Cancel" Law - Know Your Rights!

Consumer Advisory Bulletin, "Lemon Law" -- Know Your Rights!, February 2003

The Attorney General’s Consumer Protection Division receives hundreds of calls and consumer complaints every year. Follow these tips to avoid unexpected expense and disappointments. This record is about: Iowa's "Lemon Law" -- Know Your Rights!

It's parties that choose electoral systems (or Duverger's Law upside down)

This article presents, discusses and tests the hypothesis that it is the number of parties what can explain the choice of electoral systems, rather than the other way round. Already existing political parties tend to choose electoral systems that, rather than generate new party systems by themselves, will crystallize, consolidate or reinforce previously existing party configurations. A general model develops the argument and presents the concept of 'behavioral-institutional equilibrium' to account for the relation between electoral systems and party systems. The most comprehensive dataset and test of these notions to date, encompassing 219 elections in 87 countries since the 19th century, are presented. The analysis gives strong support to the hypotheses that political party configurations dominated by a few parties tend to establish majority rule electoral systems, while multiparty systems already existed before the introduction of proportional representation. It also offers the new theoretical proposition that strategic party choice of electoral systems leads to a general trend toward proportional representation over time.

Le juge en droit européen et international = The Judge in European and International Law

Le juge et son rôle ont été thématisés abondamment en théorie du droit, mais toujours sous l'angle du droit et du juge internes. On pensera ainsi aux questions des rapports entre justice et politique ou démocratie, ou encore au rôle créateur de droit du juge en cas de lacune juridique et à la légitimité du droit dit prétorien. Pour autant que l'on considère qu'il s'agisse bien d'un juge, le juge international ou européen et sa fonction judiciaire posent des problèmes de même type certes bien que plus aigus, mais aussi des difficultés nouvelles auxquelles la théorie du droit n'a pas encore donné de réponses. Le présent ouvrage tente d'identifier ces difficultés théoriques propres au juge international ou européen et d'apporter des débuts de réponse. Fruit du sixième colloque doctoral de l'Ecole doctorale Fondements du droit européen et international et quatrième volume de la collection du même nom, il réunit des contributions en anglais et en français rédigées par des doctorants des universités suisses romandes et alémaniques et d'universités européennes partenaires, mais aussi d'intervenants externes invités aux différentes sessions du colloque.

Value and depreciation of mineral resources over the very long run: An empirical contrast of different methods

The paper contrasts empirically the results of alternative methods for estimating thevalue and the depreciation of mineral resources. The historical data of Mexico andVenezuela, covering the period 1920s-1980s, is used to contrast the results of severalmethods. These are the present value, the net price method, the user cost method andthe imputed income method. The paper establishes that the net price and the user costare not competing methods as such, but alternative adjustments to different scenariosof closed and open economies. The results prove that the biases of the methods, ascommonly described in the theoretical literature, only hold under the most restrictedscenario of constant rents over time. It is argued that the difference between what isexpected to happen and what actually did happen is for the most part due to a missingvariable, namely technological change. This is an important caveat to therecommendations made based on these models.

Audit report on the Iowa Water Pollution Control Works Financing Program and the Iowa Drinking Water Facilities Financing Program, joint programs of the Iowa Finance Authority and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the Iowa Water Pollution Control Works Financing Program and the Iowa Drinking Water Facilities Financing Program, joint programs of the Iowa Finance Authority and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources for the year ended June 30, 2007

Extracção de areia na Praia de Calhetona (Ilha de Santiago, Cabo Verde) : causas, processos e consequências

A extracção de areia nas praias do mar, nas bacias hidrográficas e nas encostas montanhosas, tem sido prática de muitas famílias cabo-verdianas. A Praia de Calhetona foi uma das que nos últimos anos sofreu degradação significativa, em função da apanha clandestina de areia, sem qualquer plano de extracção, destinada a construção civil. A extracção de areia, para vender ou para a autoconstrução, é efectuada em família por indivíduos, maioritariamente do sexo feminino, de baixa renda ou sem profissão remunerada. O processo de extracção de areia na Praia de Calhetona teve o seu ponto alto nos anos 80, diminuindo consideravelmente com a escassez de areia e implementação do Decreto – Lei nº 69/97, de 3 de Novembro, que visava disciplinar a exploração de inertes nas praias. Em face da pesquisa feita, baseada no estudo de caso, ficou expresso que os inquiridos implicados na actividade de extracção clandestina de areia correm riscos elevados para obterem lucros reduzidos. Quem efectivamente beneficia são os camionistas que compram esse inerte e o vendem pelo dobro do preço. Qualquer actividade de exploração de recursos naturais causa impactes sobre o espaço de actuação. No caso da Praia de Calhetona, observa-se o recuo da linha de costa, a quase ausência de areia e a desertificação de propriedades nas suas proximidades, para além dos impactes negativos sobre o turismo, a função balnear e a desova de tartaruga. Apesar de tudo, constata-se uma consciência generalizada dos impactes ambientais causados pelos inquiridos, os quais, no entanto, alegam que a extracção de areia é uma das alternativas para garantir a sobrevivência individual e das suas famílias.