Análisis sobre los obstáculos para la construcción de una política pública penitenciaria en Colombia (1998-2014)

Desde 1998 la Corte Constitucional ha declarado en dos ocasiones “el estado de las cosas inconstitucional” ante las precarias condiciones del Sistema Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario (SNPC), sin embargo, los esfuerzos institucionales por superar dicho estado han tenido efectos nulos o limitados. Prueba de ello son las altas tasas de hacinamiento y reincidencia que siguen manifestándose crónicamente por el deficiente funcionamiento del sistema. Precisamente este diagnóstico con alternativas de solución presume que esta situación se debe a la ausencia de una política pública integral, al partir de la identificación de los principales obstáculos para la construcción de una política pública penitenciaria en Colombia entre los años de 1998 y 2014. El ejercicio antes mencionado se apoya en la utilización de dos herramientas metodológicas a saber: el análisis estructural “MICMAC” y el análisis de involucrados. De los resultados arrojados por estos métodos se elaboran así mismo tres recomendaciones sobre política pública penitenciaria.

Habitat rural, urbano : valle del Nalón.

Contiene: I. Modelo didáctico; II. Cuaderno del alumno; III. Mapas, planos y datos; IV. Dossier informativo

Proyecto Aura-Habitat : una experiencia piloto de convivencia y aprendizajes de vida autónoma para los participantes del Proyecto Aura y estudiantes universitarios.

Resumen basado en el del autor

Geographical Distribution, Habitat and Reproductive Phenology of the Genus Kallymenia (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) from Catalonia, Spain

Geographical distribution, habitat and reproductive phenology of the Genus Kallymenia (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) from Catalonia, Spain

Improving resource utilization in carrier ethernet technologies

Ethernet está empezando a pasar de las redes de área local a una red de transporte. Sin embargo, como los requisitos de las redes de transporte son más exigentes, la tecnología necesita ser mejorada. Esquemas diseñados para mejorar Ethernet para que cumpla con las necesidades de transporte se pueden categorizar en dos clases. La primera clase mejora solo los componentes de control de Ethernet (Tecnologías basadas en STP), y la segunda clase mejora tanto componentes de control como de encaminamiento de Ethernet (tecnologías basadas en etiquetas). Esta tesis analiza y compara el uso de espacio en las etiquetas de las tecnologias basadas en ellas para garantizar su escalabilidad. La aplicabilidad de las técnicas existentes y los estudios que se pueden utilizar para superar o reducir los problemas de escalabilidad de la etiqueta son evaluados. Además, esta tesis propone un ILP para calcular el óptimo rendimiento de las technologias basadas en STP y las compara con las basadas en etiquetas para ser capaz de determinar, dada una específica situacion, que technologia utilizar.

The use of digital technology for portfolio creation, management and utilization

The purpose of this study was to create a digital portfolio that was practical and effective for both teachers and parents.

Stable Isotope Analysis Reveals That Agricultural Habitat Provides an Important Dietary Component for Nonbreeding Dunlin

Although shorebirds spending the winter in temperate areas frequently use estuarine and supratidal (upland) feeding habitats, the relative contribution of each habitat to individual diets has not been directly quantified. We quantified the proportional use that Calidris alpina pacifica (Dunlin) made of estuarine vs. terrestrial farmland resources on the Fraser River Delta, British Columbia, using stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N) of blood from 268 Dunlin over four winters, 1997 through 2000. We tested for individual, age, sex, morphological, seasonal, and weather-related differences in dietary sources. Based on single- (δ13C) and dual-isotope mixing models, the agricultural habitat contributed approximately 38% of Dunlin diet averaged over four winters, with the balance from intertidal flats. However, there was a wide variation among individuals in the extent of agricultural feeding, ranging from about 1% to 95% of diet. Younger birds had a significantly higher terrestrial contribution to diet (43%) than did adults (35%). We estimated that 6% of adults and 13% of juveniles were obtaining at least 75% of their diet from terrestrial sources. The isotope data provided no evidence for sex or overall body size effects on the proportion of diet that is terrestrial in origin. The use of agricultural habitat by Dunlin peaked in early January. Adult Dunlin obtained a greater proportion of their diet terrestrially during periods of lower temperatures and high precipitation, whereas no such relationship existed for juveniles. Seasonal variation in the use of agricultural habitat suggests that it is used more during energetically stressful periods. The terrestrial farmland zone appears to be consistently important as a habitat for juveniles, but for adults it may provide an alternative feeding site used as a buffer against starvation during periods of extreme weather. Loss or reduction of agricultural habitat adjacent to estuaries may negatively impact shorebird fitness, with juveniles disproportionately affected.

Foraging Habitat and Chick Diets of Roseate Tern, Sterna dougallii, Breeding on Country Island, Nova Scotia

Breeding seabirds are threatened by human activities that affect nesting and foraging habitat. In Canada, one of the seabirds most at risk of extirpation is the Roseate Tern, Sterna dougallii. Although critical nesting habitat has been identified for the Roseate Tern in Canada, its foraging locations and the diet of its chicks are unknown. Therefore, our goal was to determine the foraging locations and diet of chicks of Roseate Tern breeding on Country Island, Nova Scotia, which is one of Canada's two main breeding colonies. In 2003 and 2004, we radio-tracked the Roseate Tern by plane to locate foraging areas and conducted feeding watches to determine the diet of chicks. Roseate Tern foraged approximately 7 km from the breeding colony over shallow water < 5 m deep. In both years, sand lance, Ammodytes spp., was the most common prey item delivered to chicks, followed by hake, Urophycis spp. Our results are consistent with previous work at colonies in the northeastern United States, suggesting that throughout its range, this species may be restricted in both habitat use and prey selection. The reliance on a specific habitat type and narrow range of prey species makes the Roseate Tern generally susceptible to habitat perturbations and reductions in the availability of prey.