Fecundidade e fertilidade do camarão-da-Amazônia, Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) em dois ambientes estuarinos do estado do Pará

O Macrobrachium amazonicum é o camarão de água doce com ampla exploração pesqueira na região amazônica, em virtude da abundância e boa aceitação no mercado consumidor. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a fecundidade e fertilidade de M. amazonicum em dois ambientes estuarinos no Estado do Pará. De forma que foram realizadas coletas mensais no período de setembro de 2008 a agosto de 2009, nos município de Vigia e Belém na Ilha de Mosqueiro, as fêmeas foram até o Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática e Aqüicultura Tropical - LECAT no campus da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia – UFRA, em Belém. Para a determinação da fecundidade foram colecionadas mensalmente em média 30 fêmeas ovígeras de cada ponto de coleta, os ovos aderidos aos pleópodes foram retirados, utilizando hipoclorito de sódio como 2% de cloro ativo e estocado em álcool 70%. A fecundidade individual foi determinada a partir da contagem total dos ovos. Para a determinação do volume dos ovos foram selecionados de cada local de coleta, aleatoriamente, 50% do número total de fêmeas ovígeras destinadas a fecundidade, seguindo dois grupos: ovos pigmentados e não-pigmentados. Para determinar a fertilidade, as fêmeas ovígeras de M. amazonicum foram estocadas individualmente em aquários de vidro de 2L. Após a eclosão, as larvas foram sifonadas e contadas. Para todas as fêmeas foi aferido o peso de cada exemplar e avaliada sua biometria com o auxílio de um paquímetro de precisão. As fêmeas de M. amazonicum oriundas do Município de Vigia tiveram comprimento absoluto entre 4,8 e 9,3 cm e peso entre 2,21 e 11,81g, com fecundidade absoluta entre 38 e 5.749 ovos (2.296 ± 1.288 ovos). Para as fêmeas de Belém, provenientes da ilha de Mosqueiro, o comprimento variou entre 3,71 e 8,14 cm, o peso entre 1,27 e 11,2g, com fecundidade absoluta variando de 123 e 7.571, com média de 1.448 ± 990 ovos. O volume de ovos para as fêmeas obtidas no Município de Vigia, referente aos ovos não-pigmentados, apresentou volume médio de 141,37mm³, enquanto que para ovos pigmentados o volume foi de 116,13mm³. As fêmeas provenientes da Ilha de Mosqueiro, com ovos não-pigmentados apresentaram volume médio de 118,97mm³ e ovos pigmentados o volume médio calculado foi de 144,61mm³. A análise da fertilidade para as fêmeas do município de Vigia apresentou comprimento entre 5,41 e 9,72 cm e peso entre 2,51 e 9,60g, a fertilidade absoluta foi 14 e 4.430 larvas, com média de 1.152 ± 822 larvas por fêmea. As da ilha de Mosqueiro apresentaram comprimento entre 3,53 e 7,67 cm e peso entre 1,12 e 8,77 g com fertilidade absoluta entre 7 e 4.121 e média de 755 ± 871 larvas por fêmea. Os valores referentes a fertilidade e fecundidade para os município de Vigia e Belém - Ilha de Mosqueiro indicam que há proporcionalidade entre as variáveis de comprimento e peso. Apesar de apresentar fecundidade e fertilidade menor que os valores reprodutivos apresentados para outras espécies de interesse comercial, os valores aqui mostrados evidenciam que nestes dois locais a espécie podem fornecer matrizes potenciais para aquicultura.

Efeito da diversidade de habitats sobre o desenvolvimento populacional do camarão-da-amazônia

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Chemical composition and fatty acid contents in farmed freshwater prawns

The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition and fatty acid contents of Amazonian and giant river prawns. After four-month farming, with the same diet for both species, palmitic and stearic acids were the main saturated fatty acids. Oleic acid was the main monounsatured fatty acid, and the eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were the most abundant polyunsaturated acids. Amazonian prawn has higher levels of protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids than those of the giant river prawn, which shows its potential for aquaculture.

Predação de ovócitos de Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu-caranha) por Macrobrachium amazonicum em condições laboratoriais

The preference of predation on oocytes of Piaractus mesopotamicus, commonly known as 'Pacucaranha', by the prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum, under laboratory conditions, was evaluated regarding to other food items. The prawns were collected with sieves, placed below the underwater vegetation, and maintained in aquarium (12 L each) at a density of 10 individuals/aquarium for acclimatization. Oocytes (O) of P. mesopotamicus were obtained from the disposal of artisanal fishery. Artificial feed (R), fish muscle (M), organic matter accumulated in roots of Salvinia sp. (S) and plant organic matter in decomposition (MV) items were used to compare the preference by M. amazonicum. In all experiments the average of the prawns preying oocytes were higher; significant differences were detected only when comparing O/P and O/M. The preference for oocytes may be due to the presence of yolk, which has a high nutritional value and easy assimilation, in contrast to others items, which resent certain rigidity. This prawn species is exotic on site and the results of this study shows a possible environmental impact on P. mesopotamicus in the region.

microRNA156-targeted SPL/ SBP box transcription factors regulate tomato ovary and fruit development

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The structure of bird communities in areas revegetated after mining in southern Brazil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A test of large-scale reproductive migration in females of the amphidromous shrimp Macrobrachium acanthurus (Caridea : Palaemonidae) from south-eastern Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Development and evolution of the gynoecium in Myrteae (Myrtaceae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fecundity and fertility in a freshwater population of the neotropical amphidromous shrimp Macrobrachium acanthurus from the southeastern Atlantic

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Neoplecostomus doceensis: a new loricariid species (Teleostei, Siluriformes) from the rio Doce basin and comments about its putative origin

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análises isoenzimáticas, moleculares e ultraestruturais em camarões dulcícolas do gênero Macrobrachium

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ocurrence of male morphotypes of Macrobrachium amazonicum (Caridea, Palaemonidae) in a population with an entirely freshwater life cycle

This study records, for the first time, the occurrence of all four male morphotypes in a population of Macrobrachium amazonicum from a continental environment, with an entirely freshwater life cycle. The specimens studied came from the Tietê River, state of São Paulo, Brazil, and were collected in a lotic environment downstream from Ibitinga Dam. This population was compared with other continental populations, including a population from the dam itself, collected in a previous study. Four samples of 30 minutes were taken monthly, using a trap, from January to April 2011. Each male specimen was measured with respect to seven body dimensions as follows: carapace length (CL), right cheliped length (RCL), dactyl length (DCL), propodus length (PPL), carpus length (CRL), merus length (ML) and ischium length (IL). The relative growth was analyzed based on the change in growth patterns of certain body parts in relation to the independent variable CL. The four male morphotypes proposed for the species were found using morphological and morphometric analyses. Different biological characteristics were found between the populations studied. The male population of the lake of Ibitinga and from Pantanal presented mean sizes and number of morphotypes lower than the population studied here. These differences seem to be closely related to ecological characteristics of the environments inhabited by these populations. Our results supported the hypothesis that coastal and continental populations of M. amazonicum belong to the same species.

Morphology of the first larval stage of Macrobrachium brasiliense (Heller, 1868) (Caridea: Palaemonidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cathetocephalus thatcheri gen. et sp. n. (Tetraphyllidea: Cathetocephalidae) fam. n. from the Bull Shark

Cathetocephalus thatcheri gen. et sp. n. is described from the spiral valve of the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes), taken in the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic coast of Florida. A new family is erected for the new genus. The species most closely resembles Pillersium owenium Southwell, 1927, in that both possess a scolex which is perpendicular to the long axis of the strobila. It differs, however, in having a single neck and holdfast organ rather than a bifurcate neck with two bothridia. Also, the surfaces of the scolex differ from those of P. owenium by possessing fleshy papilliform structures on the leading and trailing edges rather than leaflike folds. Specimens with several strobilae are figured and discussed.

Taxonomic Status and Redescription of the Gillbacker Sea Catfish (Siluriformes: Ariidae: Sciades parkeri)

The Gillbacker Sea Catfish is a valid species of ariid catfish from the northeastern coast of South America. There are many synonyms In the literature for the Gillbacker Sea Catfish and even recent classifications have used different scientific names. Examination of a wide range of sizes of Individuals from different localities and examination of types and original species descriptions of Silurus parkeri, Bagrus flavescens, B. emphysetus, Arius physacanthus, A. bonneti, A. clavispinosus, and A. despaxi has lead us to the conclusion that all these names refer to the Gillbacker Sea Catfish and the valid name for the species is Sciades parkeri. The species is distinguished from all other ariid species by the following combination of features: body coloration yellow; swim bladder divided Into three chambers, posterior chamber moderately sized; nuchal plate shield-shaped, usually larger than supraocciptal process; anterior notch of nuchal plate absent; head shield exposed and granulated In orbital and postorbital regions; lateral edge of accessory patches not emarginated or shallowly notched; fleshy furrow connecting posterior nares absent; and mesial gill rakers absent from first two gill arches. Striking intraspecific and/or ontogenetic variation In eye size, maxillary-barbel length, supraoccipital-process size, nuchal-plate size and shape, and dorsal-spine thickness contributed to the numerous synonyms and misidentifications for Sciades parkeri. Bagrus albicans, described from French Guiana, has at times been listed as a synonym of Sciades parkeri. Our examination of the holotype of B. albicans, however, led us to conclude that It is a synonym of Sciades proops.