1000 resultados para filme comestível


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Currently the search for new materials with properties suitable for specific applications has increased the number of researches that aim to address market needs. The poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is one of the most important polymers of the family of polyacrylates and polymethacrylates, especially for its unique optical properties and weathering resistance, and exceptional hardness and gloss. The development of polymer composites by the addition of inorganic fillers to the PMMA matrix increases the potential use of this polymer in various fields of application. The most commonly used inorganic fillers are particles of silica (SiO2), modified clays, graphite and carbon nanotubes. The main objective of this work is the development of PMMA/SiO2 composites at different concentrations of SiO2, for new applications as engineering plastics. The composites were produced by extrusion of tubular film, and obtained via solution for application to commercial PMMA plates, and also by injection molding, for improved the abrasion and scratch resistance of PMMA without compromising transparency. The effects of the addition of silica particles in the polymer matrix properties were evaluated by the maximum tensile strength, hardness, abrasion and scratch resistance, in addition to preliminary characterization by torque rheometry and melt flow rate. The results indicated that it is possible to use silica particles in a PMMA matrix, and a higher silica concentration produced an increase of the abrasion and scratch resistance, hardness, and reduced tensile strength

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The technique of surface coating using magnetron sputtering is one of the most widely used in the surface engineering, for its versatility in obtaining different films as well as in the micro / nanometric thickness control. Among the various process parameters, those related to the active species of the plasma are of the most fundamental importance in the mechanism and kinetics of deposition. In order to identify the active species of the plasma, parameters such as gas flow, pressure and density of electric power were varied during titanium coating on glass substrate. By flowing argon gas of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 sccm (cubic centimeters per minute) for each gas flow a sequential scan of the electric current of 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 , 0.50 A. The maximum value of 0.50 A was chosen based both on literature data and on limitations of the equipment. The monitoring of plasma species present during the deposition was carried out in situ by the technique of optical emission spectroscopy (OES) through the spectrometer Ocean Optics USB2000 Series. For this purpose, an apparatus was developed to adapt the OES inside the plasma reactor to stay positioned closest to the target. The radiations emitted by the species were detected by an optical fiber placed behind the glass substrate and their intensities as a function of wavelength were, displayed on a monitor screen. The acquisition time for each condition of the plain parameters was related to the minima of spectral lines intensities due to the film formed on the substrate. The intensities of different emission lines of argon and titanium were then analyzed as a function of time, to determine the active species and estimate the thickness of the deposited films. After the deposition, the coated glasses thin films were characterized by optical transmittance through an infrared laser. It was found that the thickness and deposition rate determined by in situ analysis were consistent with the results obtained by laser transmittance

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The production of heavy oil fields, typical in the Northeastern region, is commonly stimulated by steam injection. High bottom hole temperatures are responsible not only for the development of deleterious stresses of the cement sheath but also for cement strength retrogression. To overcome this unfavorable scenario, polymeric admixtures can be added to cement slurries to improve its fracture energy and silica flour to prevent strength retrogression. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the addition of different concentrations of polyurethane (5-25%) to cement slurries containing 40% BWOC silica flour. The resulting slurries were characterized using standard API (American Petroleum Institute) laboratory tests. In addition to them, the mechanical properties of the slurries, including elastic modulus and microhardness were also evaluated. The results revealed that density, free water and stability of the composite cement/silica/polyurethane slurries were within acceptable limits. The rheological behavior of the slurries, including plastic viscosity, yield strength and gel strength increased with the addition of 10% BWOC polyurethane. The presence of polyurethane reduced the fluid loss of the slurries as well as their elastic modulus. Composite slurries also depicted longer setting times due to the presence of the polymer. As expected, both the mechanical strength and microhardness of the slurries decreased with the addition of polyurethane. However, at high bottom hole temperatures, the strength of the slurries containing silica and polyurethane was far superior than that of plain cement slurries. In summary, the use of polyurethane combined with silica is an interesting solution to better adequate the mechanical behavior of cement slurries to heavy oil fields subjected to steam injection

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In this study, it has been investigated the influence of silver film deposition onto 100% polyester woven and non-woven, on the survival of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in contact with these surfaces. The treatment was performedin a chamber containing the working gas at low pressure (~ 10-2 mbar). Some process parameters such as as voltage: 470 V; pressure: 10-2 mbar; current : 0.40 A and gas flow: 6 and 10 cm3/min were kept constant. For the treatments with purêargon plasma using a flow of 6 and 10 cm3/min, different treatment times were evaluated, such as, 10 , 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes. Contact angle (sessile drop), measurements were used to determine the surface tension of the treated fabrics and its influence on the bacteria grow as weel as the possibilities of a biofilm formation. The formation of a silver film, as well as the amount of this element was verified byEDX technique. The topography was observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the size of silver grains formed on the surfaces of the fabric and assess homogeneity of treatment. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze the structure of silver film deposition. The woven fabric treatments enabled the formation of silver particulate films with particle size larger than the non-woven fabrics. With respect to bacterial growth, all fabrics were shown to be bactericidal for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), while for the Escherichia coli (E. coli), the best results were found for the non-woven fabric (TNT) treated with a flow of 10 cm3/min to both bacteria

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Several pharmaceutical products have been developed in recent years aiming to enhance the treatment of diseases by increasing the effectiveness of drugs. Many of these new products are based on new drug delivery systems. Among these, microemulsions, which were first studied in 1943 by Hoar and Schulman, is of great interest. Microemulsion can be defined as a thermodynamically stable, isotropic, translucent and transparent system of two immiscible liquids stabilized by a surfactant film located in the oil / water interface. The aim os this work was the incorporation of Amphotericin B and Simvasatin to a microemulsion system and analyzes its physicochemical properties and their therapeutical activity when incorporated into this system. Some very promising results were achieved as the reduction of the toxicity and maintenance of the efficacy of the Amphotericin B incorpored into a microemulsion, which was demonstrated in the in vitro pharmacotoxicological study. As for the incorporation of Simvastatin in microemulsion, it was observed a significant improvement in the potential antiinflammatory and anti-infective properties when the system was use to treat infected wounds (simvastatin pleiotropic effects). Therefore, it can be concluded that the incorporation of these drugs into microemulsion system reveal the potential of microemulsions as a promising and novel dosage form, qualifying them for future trials in order to make them available in the pharmaceutical market

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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o efeito de diferentes temperaturas de armazenamento na qualidade de frutos de cajá-manga. Os frutos de cajá-manga foram obtidos junto ao CEAGESP - Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo, e transportados em caixas isotérmicas para o Laboratório onde foram selecionados quanto à aparência, estádio de maturação, ausência de danos físicos, depois sanitizados em solução de 50 ppm de cloro livre e acondicionados em bandejas de poliestireno expandido, envolto por filme de policloreto de vinila (PVC). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos (4ºC, 8ºC e 25ºC) e 5 épocas de avaliação (0; 3; 6; 9 e 12 dias após a instalação do experimento). em cada coleta, foram avaliadas a firmeza, a acidez titulável, os sólidos solúveis, o teor de ácido ascórbico, a cor da casca e, também, a liberação de CO2 pelos frutos ao longo do tempo. Foi observado que baixas temperaturas prolongam a vida útil dos frutos e que a temperatura de armazenamento influencia nas características avaliadas, sendo a temperatura de 8ºC a mais adequada para o armazenamento dos frutos de cajá-manga.

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Cette thèse concerne dans une lecture poétique du roman Campo Geral, de Guimarães Rosa, du film Mutum - basé sur le roman mentionné et réalisé par Sandra Kogut, et de l investigation das les villes de Minas Gerais/MG impliqués dans la production du film. Le but de cette lecture est de communiquer l'expérience onirique faite à partir d'une oeuvre cinématographique, à partir d un récit littéraire et la rencontre avec cinq acteurs non-professionnels et de trois membres de l'équipe de Mutum. Pour ça, le rêve poétique, proposé par Gaston Bachelard, il est utilisé comme une ressource cognitive à l'expérience de la réalité de semi-imaginaire l'homme, a partir de l actionnement du double dans le processus de participation affective (MORIN, 1997). Le film choisi abord des impressions d un enfant qui vit avec ses parents, avec ses frères, avec sa grand-mère et avec sa chienne Rebeca, dans un place appelé Mutum. Sous la perspective de l être rêveur, qui medite sur les images de l enfance onirique dans le contexte des régions sèches de la campagne, des régions qui sont transformées et étendues à travers le rêve poétique, nous arrivons à l enfance méditative (BACHELARD, 2006). Tout au long de la narration de cette recherche, Guimarães Rosa, la réalisatrice Sandra Kogut, moi-même comme un individu / chercheur et les interlocuteurs de la famille Mutum que j'ai trouvé dans Minas Gerais, nous sommes tous pris comme Miguilins qui rêvent de La région Cabaça Azul. Incandescents, multiples, primitives, ces Miguilins sont porteurs des papiers colores et avec elle ils comprennent la participation de l'homme dans le Grand Récit (SERRES, 2005)

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En la interface de las Ciencias Sociales y de la Comunicación, la tesis expone una discusión sobre la Comunicación Social como área de conocimiento y discute las bases fenomenológicas de la producción de significado utilitario sobre el mundo. Para dar cuenta de esa reflexión se tiene como referencia la película Slumdog Millionaire? del director Danny Boyle. La experiencia vivida por el personaje principal llamado Jamal Malik sirve de apoyo a su éxito en un programa de TV cuyos desafíos consigue vencer uno a uno y transformarse en un millonario. El film, y en consecuencia la trayectoria de Jamal, es el operador cognitivo para que se presente la estrategia del personaje que transforma su conocimiento experimental en conocimiento pertinente, objetivo. La investigación sirve de base para ofrecer el argumento central de que solo existe conocimiento por medio de la experiencia vivida. A partir de esa concepción, la comunicación es vista en este ensayo como entrecruzamiento de caminos y nudos que se asemejan a un rizoma donde cada construcción de sentido, cada palabra que gana significación representa diversos enlaces de esos nudos sistémicos. Aseguramos que la comunicación es una condición sine qua non a los humanos y puede ser comprendida por la paradoja natural-artificial. Es de esta paradoja, que presentamos una contribución de la complejidad de la comunicación creyendo de forma dialógica que sí, hay una condición innata de la comunicación (y así mismo post humana) concomitantemente con la hipótesis de la artificialidad comunicacional. Corroboramos así, la idea de que el conocimiento fenomenológico de la comunicación es un juego de la construcción científica y, por lo tanto, un juego de la humanidad. En este mismo juego podemos comprender la comunicación por intermedio de algunos macro conceptos de la compleja actividad de comunicar (retroalimentación, recursividad y holograma) constelando así una estrategia de ligazón/estímulo/respuesta que nos permite conocer bien y saber organizar mejor el conocimiento adquirido en la práctica. La tesis tiene como interlocutores principales Claude Lévi-Strauss, Edgar Morin, Jean-Marie Pelt, Norval Baitello Junior y Vilém Flusser, entre otros

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The following research aims to address the image of the ordinary person in the films of the Pontos de Cultura (Culture Points) in Natal-RN. About ten years the Federal Government of Brazil created the Cultura Viva (Living Culture) program. It enabled the State to support financially civil society organizations that had developed cultural works in communities across the country. Along with the resources the program developed, in parallel, another action, Cultura Digital (Digital culture), intended to bring the tools of digital technology for people who have never had access to them. As a result of these initiatives were produced short films. These films were characterized by the presence of the image of the ordinary person. The creation of this type of cultural product was benefited by state initiative, however, it was inserted within a historical, political and cultural construction whose research was necessary for this image understood to be understood by its importance: it is the expression of emancipation the ordinary person and not just as a consumer of culture, it identifies them as the protagonists of the society and recognizes their vital role in its organization

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Anormalidades quali-quantitativas em componentes primários da lágrima podem alterar a dinâmica do filme lacrimal, comprometendo sua função. O filme lacrimal é composto por lipídios, uma fração aquosa e por mucoproteínas. A ceratoconjuntivite seca (CCS) é uma enfermidade freqüentemente diagnosticada em cães, caracterizada pela deficiência da fração aquosa do filme lacrimal, resultando em dessecação e inflamação da conjuntiva e córnea, dor, doença corneana progressiva e redução da visão. Devido à contribuição significativa da glândula da terceira pálpebra na produção da porção aquosa do filme lacrimal, a remoção desta glândula, quando prolapsada, constitui-se em importante causa de CCS iatrogênica. Este trabalho relata um caso clínico de ceratoconjuntivite seca iatrogênica, em um cão da raça Boston Terrier de 10 meses de idade, causada pela remoção cirúrgica da glândula lacrimal da terceira pálpebra, quando esta encontrava-se prolapsada.

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O experimento foi realizado em Jaboticabal-SP, sob ambiente protegido, objetivando avaliar quatro substratos (Rendimax-Estufa®, areia, solo coberto com filme de polietileno preto e solo descoberto) e quatro híbridos de tomateiro tipo cereja ('Mascot', 'Gisela', 'Cheri' e 'Sweet Million'), sendo os substratos comercial e areia acondicionados em sacos plásticos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com quatro repetições. Utilizou-se irrigação por gotejamento, sendo a dotação hídrica realizada em função dos dados obtidos em um tanque Classe A. A solução nutritiva utilizada foi a recomendada por Castellane & Araújo (1995) para a cultura do tomateiro. Os frutos foram colhidos semanalmente, durante o período de 24/11/2000 a 24/01/2001, sendo avaliados o número e produtividade diária de frutos. Os cultivos em solo proporcionaram maior produção diária que no substrato comercial e em areia, para os híbridos Gisele e 'Mascot'. O híbrido 'Gisela' mostrou-se mais produtivo nos cultivos em solo, enquanto o híbrido 'Cheri', embora tenha proporcionado menores produções em peso, produziu maior número de frutos por planta. A produtividade dos tratamentos mais produtivos foi satisfatória, estando de acordo com os padrões de produção para a cultura no Brasil.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Avaliou-se o efeito dos inseticidas endossulfam e deltametrina sobre a formiga predadora Azteca chartifex spiriti For., em cultivo do cacaueiro no Sudeste da Bahia, conforme padronização da International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC), West Palaearctic Regional Section (WPRS), com algumas modificações. Os testes foram: a) contato; b) pulverização direta; c) persistência. Nos testes de contato, operárias foram expostas a um filme fresco e seco dos inseticidas, aplicado sobre cristalizadores. Nos testes de aspersão, as formigas foram diretamente pulverizadas com os agroquímicos às concentrações recomendadas para o controle de tripes e percevejos. Os insetos foram mantidos a 25±2°C, 65±10% UR e fotofase de 12h. A sobrevivência foi avaliada após 24h e a intervalos variáveis de tempo. Nos testes de persistência, as operárias foram confinadas em cristalizadores e expostas ao contato com folhas de cacaueiro tratadas previamente no campo, sob as mesmas condições controladas. Desenvolveram-se experimentos a um, três, seis, 10, 18 e 32 dias após a aplicação (DAA). Deltametrina foi considerado seletivo nos testes de contato e pulverização direta, não sendo necessária a condução dos testes de persistência em folhas para este inseticida. Endossulfam foi altamente tóxico nos testes de contato e pulverização direta, entretanto, apresentou-se levemente persistente no terceiro teste. A análise conjunta dos três tipos de testes sugere que ambos os inseticidas são seletivos para a espécie benéfica, podendo ser recomendadosem Programas de MIP em agroecossistema cacaueiro. A metodologia proposta pela IOBC/WPRS possibilita estabilidade dos resultados, permitindo sua adaptação e utilização para o fim proposto.