O Serviço Europeu de Acção Externa

Com esta dissertação pretendemos analisar o Serviço Europeu de Ação Externa como uma das principais inovações do Tratado de Lisboa. O Serviço Europeu de Ação Externa é o corpo diplomático da União Europeia que se define pela coesão, cooperação, e divulgação da Politica Externa da União Europeia. No entanto, os seus primeiros anos não foram fáceis, iniciou a sua vigência em plena crise económica e suscitou várias dúvidas aos Estados-Membros, no que diz respeito à soberania. Contudo, defendemos que o SEAE mostra a verdadeira força da União, pois permite a coesão dos Estados-Membros que falam a uma só voz perante outros Estados e organizações. Para além disso, o papel do SEAE afigura-se relevante pelo número de cidadãos que residem em Estados terceiros, cabendo assim à União Europeia através do SEAE a proteção destes cidadãos europeus.

The New European Commission Presidency and the Advent of European Democracy. Jean Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series Vol. 14 No. 17, August 2014

On June 15, 2014, Jean-Claude Juncker, the lead candidate of the European People’s Party, was elected President of the European Commission, with the support of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, and some of the European Socialists and Greens. Amid unprecedented Euroscepticism, the media and many pundits predicted a record-low voter turnout and record-high results for Europhobic parties. The aforementioned parties then decided that the political outcome of these 2014 European elections would also be unprecedented. For the first time in EU history, the European political parties agreed to nominate candidates to chair the institution, which they justified by putting forward Article 17 of the Lisbon Treaty. The European Parliament has often characteristically used political discourse - the logos, to influence the EU’s institutional framework, even though it entails grappling with Member States. It took the form of reports and resolutions, like the official use of the phrase “European Parliament” in 1962, direct universal suffrage elections in 1975 and a European Union in 1984. Nominating contenders to chair the European Commission is no exception. It requires a specific political discourse whose origins can be traced back to the early years of the European Parliament, when it was still the “Common Assembly”. This political discourse is one of the elements thanks to which the European Parliament acquired visibility and new prerogatives, in pursuit of its legitimacy. However, the executive branch in all member states is not intent on yielding such prerogatives to the European Parliament. As a matter of fact, the European Parliament has often ended up strengthening the heads of state and governments, since MEPs are forced to resort to self-discipline. The symbolic significance of its logos and, consequently, its own politicisation as a source of legitimacy, is thus undermined. For instance, in 2014, Jean-Claude Juncker’s election actually strengthened German Chancellor Angela Merkel. First she questioned the fact that the candidate whose party holds the parliamentary majority after the election should be appointed President of the Commission. Then she seemed strongly intent on democratising the Union, when she confronted David Cameron, who openly opposed Juncker, believed to be too federalist and old-fashioned a candidate. By doing so, she eventually reduced the symbolic dimension of the European Parliament’s initiative, and Juncker’s election. She also unquestionably embodied EU leadership. This paper aims at analysing Juncker’s election to the Presidency of the European Commission, as well as other questions it raises. In the first part, I lay out some thoughts about the sociohistorical context of voting in European elections in order to make the readers understand why the European Parliament should be bolder. Secondly, I try to explain how the European Parliament has used the logos as a weapon to grapple with member states for more power, as was the case during the 2014 European elections. Last but not least, I seek to show how Angela Merkel got hold of that weapon and took advantage of it, thus proving that despite MEPs’ best efforts, Juncker’s task will be all the more complicated as he was not the consensual candidate of all the governments.

The Central European Predicament. Jean Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series Vol. 14 No. 9, May 2014

From Introduction. Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has experienced a very deep economic and political transformation since the beginning of the nineties. The early years of transition were characterized by big hopes for a quick and successful development. The international community, including the EU and the USA showed interest in the transformation of the region for a number of reasons. From a geopolitical perspective, the transformation was of tremendous importance as it confirmed the end of the cold war and the bipolar global system was replaced first by a unipolar superpower system and later gave way to a multipolar or a new bipolar system. This also signaled the weakness of the Soviet Union (and later Russia), as it was not able to prevent this transformation and was soon mired in a serious and long lasting economic and political crisis that undermined its international position. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union during the nineties Russia remained very weak, both economically and politically. The power vacuum and the transformation in Central Europe made the establishment of a new international economic and security structure possible. The new economic and political pattern that started to develop within the region was based on the liberal market economy model, with the objective of opening up markets and integrating the region into the world economy and the North Atlantic security structure.

Awkward partner once again? Repercussions for Europe of Poland’s elections. EPIN Commentary No. 27, 3 November 2015

A clear majority of Poles voted to end eight years of Civic Platform (PO) government on October 25th when they brought the national-conservative Law and Justice Party (PiS) back to power. This outcome might be difficult to understand for Poland’s West European partners and may also confuse some EU officials who have observed developments in Poland since it joined the EU in 2004. The implications of these elections for relations with Germany and France, and for Poland’s own EU policy, are a source of concern. Do the results herald a return to the country Poland was during its early years as EU member? In this EPIN commentary the author attempts to throw light on the reasons behind the return to power of Law and Justice Party and considers the wider implications for the EU and European cohesion.

Estimating the Bridge Financing Needs of the Single Resolution Fund: How expensive is it to resolve a bank? CEPS Special Report No. 122, 25 November 2015

The Single Resolution Board (SRB) will be responsible for the resolution of banks in the euro area from 1 January 2016. However, the resources of the Single Resolution Fund (SRF) at the disposal of the SRB will only gradually be built up until 2023. This paper provides estimates of the potential financing needs of the SRF, based on the euro area bank resolutions that actually occurred between 2007 and 2014. We find that the SRF would have been asked to put a total amount of about €72 billion into these failing banks, which is more than the target for the SRF (€55 billion) but less than the amount the SRF could draw on, if the ex-post levies are also taken into account. As this sum would have been required over eight years, the broad conclusion is that bridge financing, in addition to the existing alternative funding, would only have been needed in the early years of the transition.

Will the Single Resolution Fund be a ‘baby tiger’ during the transition? CEPS Commentary, 17 December 2015

The short answer to this question is no! According to the authors’ calculations, even during its early years, the Single Resolution Fund (SRF) should be sufficient to deal with almost any crisis scenario imaginable. They caution, however, that its funding will be built up only gradually over the coming decade and there is thus a legitimate concern that the SRF will not be sufficient to deal with a major crisis.

As conceções dos educadores de infância sobre a educação em ciências no contexto de creche

A educação em Ciências desde os primeiros anos é hoje consensualmente defendida por especialistas da área, como forma de estimular e promover não só conhecimento nas crianças mas também o interesse por tudo o que as rodeia. Todavia, a exploração de temas científicos não tem tido o merecido destaque na creche. O presente estudo procurou assim identificar e caracterizar as conceções dos educadores de infância acerca da educação em ciências, em contexto de creche, e dar a conhecer os principais obstáculos com que estes profissionais de ensino se deparam quando implementam atividades de ciências. Para o efeito, optou-se por uma metodologia de natureza qualitativa recorrendo a um estudo de casos múltiplos. A técnica de recolha de dados utilizada foi a entrevista estruturada, realizada a cinco educadoras que exerciam funções em três instituições particulares do distrito de Santarém. Foi evidente a importância que as educadoras atribuem à realização de atividades de ciências nos primeiros anos. Contudo, os resultados desta pesquisa indicam que as educadoras realizam atividades pouco variadas, por não se sentirem confiantes na promoção de tarefas relacionadas com as ciências, o que remete para a falta de formação.

A análise de sequências pictóricas por alunos do 4.º ano

Relatório de estágio apresentado para a obtenção do grau de mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar e ensino do 1.º ciclo do ensino básico.

European perspective on sport psychology

This chapter describes the development of sport psychology in Europe. Starting from the early years at the beginning of the 20th century, the contribution of European sport psychology in different cultural traditions to the development of this discipline is highlighted. The foundation of FEPSAC, the European Federation of Sport Psychology, and its role in this development are emphasised. During the first 20 years, Europe was a divided continent and the challenges were to establish a common understanding and possibilities for scientific exchange. After the fall of the Berlin wall and the change of the political landscape in Europe, central aims were to foster scientific exchange despite language difficulties, to develop a common understanding, to help young sport psychologists and to establish sport psychology as a professional field. In the new century, one group of challenges identified refers to unification, for example in education and training, in the services delivery, and in the structure. The second group of challenges relates to diversification, be it in the educational and vocational pathways, the different sports and physical activities, the inclusion of persons with special needs or background, or the publications.

The Vladimir Jabotinsky story /

Includes bibliographical references.

The Cornellian.

Sometimes published as: The Cornelian.

The life of William Ewart Gladstone,

Paged continously.

Rosalba's journal, and other papers.

Rosalba's journal -- Streatham place -- Falconer's 'Shipwreck' -- Prior's 'Peggy' -- The Gordon riots -- The early years of Madame Royale -- A literary printer -- Aaron Hill -- A new dialogue of the dead -- Notes to a New dialogue of the dead.

Essays on some modern works; chiefly biographical.

v. 1 The dukes of Urbino; Edward Baines; Francesco Pforza; Social life in past centuries; Harford's Michael Angelo; Decade of Italian women; Peden the prophet; Filippo Strozzi; Lord Macaulay as a translator; The pope & the friar; Whittington & his cat; Autobiography of Mrs. Piozzi; Early years of Pitt; Last years of Pitt.--v. 2 Washington Irving; Irving at Sunnyside; Reliques of Mrs. Knight; Marc Isambard Brunel; Colossal vestiges; Lady Morgan; Lord Stanhope; Pictor ignotus; Miss Berry; Windham; Our merchant princess; Lucrezia Borgia; America by an American.

Thurlow Weed's letters from Europe, 1861-'62. For private circulation.

Written during Weed's unofficial mission to Europe to conciliate English and French opinion in the early years of the civil war.