937 resultados para análisis de input-output


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Este libro ha sido escrito específicamente para el Cambridge IGCSE en la asignatura de enseñanza secundaria ICT (tecnologías de la información y comunicación). El libro y el CD-ROM han sido escritos por profesores con experiencia asegurando que los datos cubran los recientes desarrollos en ICT y sus efectos en nuestras vidas. Los temas del libro son: tipos y componentes de sistemas de ordenador, dispositivos Input y Output, los dispositivos de almacenamiento, redes de ordenador, tipos de datos, los efectos de usar las tecnologías de la información, como las tecnologías son usadas en la vida diaria, las aplicaciones y sus efectos, sistemas de análisis y diseño.

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En su libro, Ruiz- Vargas (1994) nos ofrece una síntesis ordenada, actualizada y rigurosa de lo que constituye el núcleo de interés fundamental de la Psicología Cognitiva de la Memoria actual. El simple intento de definir el término memoria permite comprender la importancia de su estudio desde los diferentes niveles de análisis. El nivel computacional especifica el contenido informativo del input y del output y define el objetivo y la lógica del acto de memoria. En este punto se especifica, no sólo qué hace la memoria sino para qué necesitamos la información. Se consigue generar un debate teórico sobre el 'todo' llamado memoria; por nuestra parte, uno de los puntos de desacuerdo se encuentra en el capítulo sobre la alianza entre la psicología cognitiva y la neuropsicología cognitiva de la memoria. Se pone de manifieso el desacuerdo con el autor cuando afirma que el nivel de los datos neuropsicológicos no es un nivel explicativo : tanto la neuropsicología clínica como la cognitiva aportan hipótesis explicativas si bien son de tipo internivel y no intranivel..

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En su libro, Ruiz- Vargas (1994) nos ofrece una 'síntesis ordenada, actualizada y rigurosa de lo que constituye el núcleo de interés fundamental de la Psicología Cognitiva de la Memoria actual. El simple intento de definir el término memoria nos permitirá comprender la importancia de su estudio desde los diferentes niveles de análisis. El nivel computacional especifica el contenido informativo del input y del output y define el objetivo y la lógica del acto de memoria. En este punto hay que especificar no sólo qué hace la memoria sino para qué necesitamos la información. Ruíz- Vargas considera que la función de la memoria tiene un valor adaptativo es por tanto el resultado de complejos procesos de adaptación biológica. La aportación de Ruiz- Vargas al considerar los mecanismos de olvido como factores restrictivos de la ejecución en memoria es un buen comienzo para la comprensión a nivel computacional de la memoria..

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Memoria de máster (Universitat de Barcelona, 2004)

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Título del congreso: 'El español, lengua del mestizaje y la interculturalidad'

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Proponer una taxonomía funcional aplicada a la interacción en el aula de segundas lenguas en edades tempranas a partir de los datos encontrados en el corpus de aprendices (UAM-corpus) y en el corpus de nativos (CHILDES corpus). Realizar un análisis comparativo de la realización funcional de alumnos y profesores en distintos contextos escolares de enseñanza de inglés como lengua extranjera y a su vez, comparar estos datos con un contexto escolar con alumnos nativos de habla inglesa. Las hipótesis planteadas son: el lenguaje del alumno será más rico funcionalmente cuando el profesor fomente interacciones, tareas y situaciones lingüísticas similares a las de la primera lengua, independientemente de la cantidad de input que reciba, e independientemente de la lengua materna del profesor. Para el análisis cualitativo se ha tomado el UAM-corpus y el CHILDES corpus. Para el cuantitativo, se eligió un centro privado con media hora diaria de inmersión en la segunda lengua y con profesoras no nativas. De forma aleatoria se eligió un grupo de control y un grupo experimental con dos profesoras distintas. Se han llevado a cabo dos tipos de análisis, uno cualitativo que consiste en la categorización del corpus, con la consiguiente propuesta de categorías. Y otro cuantitativo, con el objetivo de responder a las hipótesis planteadas, que consiste en contrastar lo observado en los datos analizados con nuevos datos obtenidos del experimento en uno de los contextos de aprendizaje de enseñanza de lengua extranjera. El resultado del análisis cualitativo es una taxonomía que parte de las macrocategorías de Halliday y se basa en otras como la de Sinclair y Coulthard. Los resultados del análisis cuantitativo fueron: hubo un mejor desarrollo funcional en la segunda lengua en el grupo en que la profesora interaccionó más con los alumnos, animándoles a utilizar funciones de iniciación en la segunda lengua. Las funciones de iniciación de los alumnos en la segunda lengua aumentan si el profesor pone en práctica una serie de situaciones comunicativas que las fomentan. El tipo de interacción y actividades planteadas por el profesor son factores fundamentales, por encima del tipo de inmersión en la segunda lengua y la lengua materna del profesor, para generar una riqueza funcional en el lenguaje del alumno. Este trabajo es un inicio y punto de partida para futuros estudios sobre el desarrollo de una segunda lengua en edades tempranas, entre los que se sugieren: recopilar otros corpora similares, analizar el desarrollo funcional en el lenguaje de alumnos concretos, y relacionar de forma más específica el uso de funciones con tareas o actividades concretas.

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To improve the welfare of the rural poor and keep them in the countryside, the government of Botswana has been spending 40% of the value of agricultural GDP on agricultural support services. But can investment make smallholder agriculture prosperous in such adverse conditions? This paper derives an answer by applying a two-output six-input stochastic translog distance function, with inefficiency effects and biased technical change to panel data for the 18 districts and the commercial agricultural sector, from 1979 to 1996 This model demonstrates that herds are the most important input, followed by draft power. land and seeds. Multilateral indices for technical change, technical efficiency and total factor productivity (TFP) show that the technology level of the commercial agricultural sector is more than six times that of traditional agriculture and that the gap has been increasing, due to technological regression in traditional agriculture and modest progress in commercial agriculture. Since the levels of efficiency are similar, the same patient is repeated by the TFP indices. This result highlights the policy dilemma of the trade-off between efficiency and equity objectives.

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Technology involving genetic modification of crops has the potential to make a contribution to rural poverty reduction in many developing countries. Thus far, insecticide-producing 'Bt' varieties of cotton have been the main GM crops under cultivation in developing nations. Several studies have evaluated the farm-level performance of Bt varieties in comparison to conventional ones by estimating production technology, and have mostly found Bt technology to be very successful in raising output and/or reducing insecticide input. However, the production risk properties of this technology have not been studied, although they are likely to be important to risk-averse smallholders. This study investigates the output risk aspects of Bt technology using a three-year farm-level dataset on smallholder cotton production in Makhathini flats, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa. Stochastic dominance and stochastic production function estimation methods are used to examine the risk properties of the two technologies. Results indicate that Bt technology increases output risk by being most effective when crop growth conditions are good, but being less effective when conditions are less favourable. However, in spite of its risk increasing effect, the mean output performance of Bt cotton is good enough to make it preferable to conventional technology even for risk-averse smallholders.

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A modified radial basis function (RBF) neural network and its identification algorithm based on observational data with heterogeneous noise are introduced. The transformed system output of Box-Cox is represented by the RBF neural network. To identify the model from observational data, the singular value decomposition of the full regression matrix consisting of basis functions formed by system input data is initially carried out and a new fast identification method is then developed using Gauss-Newton algorithm to derive the required Box-Cox transformation, based on a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for a model base spanned by the largest eigenvectors. Finally, the Box-Cox transformation-based RBF neural network, with good generalisation and sparsity, is identified based on the derived optimal Box-Cox transformation and an orthogonal forward regression algorithm using a pseudo-PRESS statistic to select a sparse RBF model with good generalisation. The proposed algorithm and its efficacy are demonstrated with numerical examples.

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The purpose of this paper is to design a control law for continuous systems with Boolean inputs allowing the output to track a desired trajectory. Such systems are controlled by items of commutation. This type of systems, with Boolean inputs, has found increasing use in the electric industry. Power supplies include such systems and a power converter represents one of theses systems. For instance, in power electronics the control variable is the switching OFF and ON of components such as thyristors or transistors. In this paper, a method is proposed for the designing of a control law in state space for such systems. This approach is implemented in simulation for the control of an electronic circuit.

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An important constraint on how hemodynamic neuroimaging signals such as fMRI can be interpreted in terms of the underlying evoked activity is an understanding of neurovascular coupling mechanisms that actually generate hemodynamic responses. The predominant view at present is that the hemodynamic response is most correlated with synaptic input and subsequent neural processing rather than spiking output. It is still not clear whether input or processing is more important in the generation of hemodynamics responses. In order to investigate this we measured the hemodynamic and neural responses to electrical whisker pad stimuli in rat whisker barrel somatosensory cortex both before and after the local cortical injections of the GABAA agonist muscimol. Muscimol would not be expected to affect the thalamocortical input into the cortex but would inhibit subsequent intra-cortical processing. Pre-muscimol infusion whisker stimuli elicited the expected neural and accompanying hemodynamic responses to that reported previously. Following infusion of muscimol, although the temporal profile of neural responses to each pulse of the stimulus train was similar, the average response was reduced in magnitude by ∼79% compared to that elicited pre-infusion. The whisker-evoked hemodynamic responses were reduced by a commensurate magnitude suggesting that, although the neurovascular coupling relationships were similar for synaptic input as well as for cortical processing, the magnitude of the overall response is dominated by processing rather than from that produced from the thalamocortical input alone.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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This paper aims with the use of linear matrix inequalities approach (LMIs) for application in active vibration control problems in smart strutures. A robust controller for active damping in a panel was designed with piezoelectrical actuators in optimal locations for illustration of the main proposal. It was considered, in the simulations of the closed-loop, a model identified by eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA) and reduced by modal decomposition. We tested two differents techniques to solve the problem. The first one uses LMI approach by state-feedback based in an observer design, considering several simultaneous constraints as: a decay rate, limited input on the actuators, bounded output peak (output energy) and robustness to parametic uncertainties. The results demonstrated the vibration attenuation in the structure by controlling only the first modes and the increased damping in the bandwidth of interest. However, it is possible to occur spillover effects, because the design has not been done considering the dynamic uncertainties related with high frequencies modes. In this sense, the second technique uses the classical H. output feedback control, also solved by LMI approach, considering robustness to residual dynamic to overcome the problem found in the first test. The results are compared and discussed. The responses shown the robust performance of the system and the good reduction of the vibration level, without increase mass.

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Several runs of the BEAM4 model were carried out, combining several sets of input parameters from von Bertalanffy's growth curve (Lt = L-x[1 - e(-k(-to))]) and the natural mortality (M), with sets or parameters from the length-weight relationship (W=aL(b)). Further simulations were made with variations of +/- 20%, in the input parameters: recruitment (R), catchability coefficient (q), and the lengths at which 50 and 75% of the fishes are retained by the net (L-50%, and L-75%). The data used were those of the pair trawl fisheries for corvina Micropogonias furnieri, off southeastern Brazil. Results showed variations in the output (landed weight) ranging from - 62 to 147% associated with the diverse sets of VBGF and LWR parameters, and lower variations associated with the other input parameters tested. (C) 2001 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.