Estudo da cicatrização de suturas na bexiga urinária de ratos com e sem a utilização de extrato bruto de Jatropha gossypiifolia intraperitoneal

A cicatrização constitui processo complexo envolvendo diferentes sistemas biológicos e imunológicos , sendo essencial para manter a integridade do organismo. Três fases bem definidas ocorrem, a inflamatória, a proliferativa e a de maturação. A falha ou prolongamento em uma fase pode resultar em retardo da cicatrização tecidual. A sutura dos tecidos e sua cicatrização é um dos fundamentos básicos da cirurgia e a procura de substâncias que melhorem este processo é um desafio constante. O uso de substâncias de plantas têm sido testados por vários autores. Objetivo - Analisar comparativamente as alterações macroscópicas e histológicas proporcionadas pelo uso do extrato bruto da Jatropha gossypiifolia intraperitonial, na cicatrização de suturas realizadas na bexiga urinária de ratos. Material e método Sessenta ratos da linhagem Wistar, adultos, machos foram distribuídos em 2 grupos animais. O procedimento experimental constituiu-se em laparotomia mediana infraumbelical, incisão longitudinal de 1cm na parede ventral da bexiga e síntese em plano único com pontos separados de poliglactina 910 5-0 (Ethicon). O procedimento nos animais do grupo controle (ratos 1 a 30) instilou-se na cavidade peritonial água destilada na proporção de 1ml por kg de peso e no grupo Jatropha (ratos 31 a 60) utiilizou-se o extrato bruto de Jatropha gossypiifolia na proporção de 1ml por kg de peso, que representava 200mg do fototerápico, intraperitoneal. Cada grupo foi dividido em 3 subgrupos de 10 animais sendo estes submetidos à eutanásia no 7 e 14 pós-operatório. Foi feita análise macroscópica e histológica comparativa entre os subgrupos . Resultados - No 7 dia foi observado diferença estatisticamente significativa nas variáveis inflamação aguda, neoformação vascular e colagenização, sendo a primeira maior no grupo controle e as duas últimas no grupo Jatropha; no 14 variáveis inflamação aguda e proliferação fibroblástica apresentaram-se mais intensas com significado estatístico no grupo controle. No 21 dia as variantes se alinharam não havendo diferença estatística na sua comparação. Conclusão - Foi observado homogeneidade na cicatrização nos 2 grupos, contudo, a mesma foi mais intensa no grupo controle. Não se observou, portanto, efeito favorecedor cicatrizante do extrato bruto da Jatropha gossypiifolia intraperitonial, em dose única, na bexiga urinária de rato.

Length-weight relationships of demersal fishes from the upper continental slope off Colombia

Parameters of the length–weight relationship of the form W=aLb are presented for 45 demersal fish species caught on the upper continental slope of the Caribbean Sea off Colombia. The b values varied between 2.13 and 4.97, with the mean b = 3.042 (95% CI, 2.887- 3.196).

Length-weight relationships of demersal fishes from the Gulf of Salamanca, Colombia: [part 2]

The parameters a and b of the length-weight relationship of the form W=aL super(b) are presented for 37 fish species, belonging to 17 families, caught during a demersal trawl survey over the period December 1995 to March 1998 in the Gulf of Salamanca, Colombia

Length-weight relationships of demersal fishes from the Gulf of Salamanca, Colombia

The parameters a and b of the length-weight relationship of the form W=a L super(b) were computed for 46 species caught in a series of demersal trawl hauls over the period 1995-1997 in the Gulf of Salamanca, Colombia.

Pawpaw seed as fertility control agent on male Nile tilapia

To find out if pawpaw (Carica papaya) seeds can induce sterility in male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and to determine if sterility so induced is reversible or otherwise, mature male tilapia of mean weight 40 g were treated for 30 days with a low dose (4.9 g/kg/day) and a high dose (9.8 g/kg/day) of ground pawpaw seeds incorporated into their feed. Fish of similar sizes in the control experiment were fed with feed that did not contain pawpaw seed. The pawpaw seeds induced permanent sterility in the fish that received the high dose, while sterility in the low dose treatment was reversible. Fish in the control experiment spawned two weeks into the experiment and again in the fifth week. Fish in the low dose treatment spawned three weeks after the treatment had been discontinued. Histological sections of the testes showed that pawpaw seeds produced swollen nuclei in the low dose treatment and disintegrated cells in the high dose treatment. The study showed that pawpaw seeds, which are easy to obtain, can be incorporated into fish feeds and used by farmers to control prolific breeding of Nile tilapia.

Length-weight relationships of fishes from tributaries of the Volta River, Ghana Part 1: Analysis of pooled data sets

The parameters a and b of length-weight relationships of the form W = a L super(b) were estimated for 45 fish species sampled in the Oti, Pru and Black Volta rivers, Ghana. Also, the slope and intercepts of regressional enabling standard to total length conversions were estimated for each of these same species. The estimates of b, which ranged from 2.35 to 3.27 have a mean of 2.98, with a s.e. of 0.036. These results are complemented with a brief discussion of the need for data summaries such as presented in this article.

Efeitos do extrato de Chenopodium ambrosioides L. na cistite induzida pela ciclofosfamida

A cistite hemorrágica (CH) consiste em um processo inflamatório difuso de origem infecciosa ou não que resulta em um sangramento da mucosa vesical. As CH crônicas recorrentes induzidas pela ciclofosfamida (CYP) são um desafio na prática clínica pela alta morbidade e por vezes mortalidade dos pacientes. O tratamento da CH induzida pela ciclofosfamida consiste no uso de MESNA, disulfiram, N-acetil-cisteína, anti-inflamatório, oxigênio hiperbárico, hiper-hidratação e irrigação vesical, mas novas terapias têm sido investigadas, inclusive usando produtos naturais. A espécie vegetal Chenopodium ambrosioides L., conhecida popularmente como mastruz, mastruço e erva-de-Santa-Maria, tem sido relatada pela população como anti-inflamatório e analgésico. O presente estudo investigou os efeitos do extrato bruto hidroalcoólico de folhas de Chenopodium ambrosioides na CH induzida pela ciclofosfamida em ratos. Vinte e nove ratos receberam 150 mg/kg de CYP por via intraperitoneal (i.p.) para indução de CH e em seguida foram divididos em três grupos: controle negativo (CN), tratados com soro fisiológico a 0,9%; extrato bruto hidroalcoólico de Chenopodium ambrosioides (EBHCa), tratado com dose única de 50 mg/kg de extrato bruto hidroalcoólico de Chenopodium ambrosioides (EBH) e controle positivo (CP), tratados com dose única de 15 mg/kg de diclofenaco de potássio, todos por gavagem. Após 48 horas da indução da CH os animais foram sacrificados para retirada da bexiga, que foi preparada para análise histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica. O EBH foi capaz de diminuir o peso da bexiga e histologicamente a inflamação aguda e crônica da bexiga, a extensão do infiltrado inflamatório na parede vesical e a neoformação capilar do mesmo modo que o diclofenaco de potássio, quando comparados ao grupo CN. Observou-se ainda uma redução da expressão imuno-histoquímica de cicloxigenase-2 (COX-2) e do fator nuclear kappa B (NFB) na bexiga. No presente estudo o EBH das folhas de Chenopodium ambrosioides apresentou atividade anti-inflamatória, semelhante ao diclofenaco de potássio, no tratamento da CH induzida pela CYP.

Length-weight relationships of marine fishes from the central Brazilian coast

Parameters of the length-weight relationship are presented for 85 fish species from the marine and estuarine regions of the central Brazilian coast (latitude 13° to 23° S). Three different methods were used. A non-linear iterative process using the quasi-Newton algorithm yielded a better fit for all data sets analyzed. The length-weight allometry coefficient b estimated from standard length data tended to be lower than from total length data. The difference between these estimates was significant for some species.

Length-weight relationships of Cuban marine fishes

A total of 140 sets of parameters (a and b) of the length-weight relationships (LWR) of the form W=aL super(b) are presented for fishes caught in Cuban waters. These parameters cover 94 species of fish belonging to 43 families. Most of the parameters were compiled from 107 sets of published and unpublished studies. Twenty-five sets of parameters were from personal communications through colleagues in Cuba, while the remaining eight sets were estimated by the authors from unpublished data.

The relationship of shell dimensions and shell volume to live weight and soft tissue weight in the mangrove clam, Polymesoda erosa (Solander, 1786) from northern Australia

Shell dimensions (length, height, width) and shell volume were evaluated as estimators of growth for Polymesoda erosa in northern Australia. Each parameter was a good estimator when applied to live weight (r2 values of 76-96 percent), but not to soft tissue weight (wet, dry, or ash-free dry weight) (r2 values of 13-32 percent). The b value for shell volume to weight relationship of clams collected during the dry season (June to October) was signifi cantly different than for those collected in the wet season (February to April).

Length-weight relationship of five serranids from Palawan Island, Philippines

The parameters a and b of the length-weight relationship (LWR) of the form W=aLb are presented for five species of serranids belonging to the genus Cephalopolis. The fish samples used for the study were caught by hook and line, fish corrals, and spearguns during August 1995 to December 1998 from the waters around Palawan Island, Philippines. Information on the LWR of six fishes from other studies conducted in Palawan is also provided.

Length-weight relationships of coral reef fishes from the Alacran Reef, Yucatan, Mexico

Length-weight relationships were computed for 42 species of coral reef fishes from 14 families from the Alacran Reef (Yucatan, Mexico). A total of 1 892 individuals was used for this purpose. The fish species were caught by different fishing techniques such as fishhooks, harpoons, gill and trawl nets. The sampling period was from March 1998 to January 2000.

Length-weight relationship of marine fishes from southern Brazil

The relationship between length (L) and weight (W) was estimated for 80 species belonging to 50 families of marine fishes from the shelf and upper slope of southern Brazil (lat. 28°S - 34°S). Sample sizes (n) for different species ranged from 11 to 14 741 specimens collected from commercial landings and research surveys. The fit of the equations (W=aLb) with a and b parameters estimated from regular and functional regression (of log-transformed weight and length data) as well as from a non-linear iterative process using the quasi-Newton algorithm were compared. The non-linear method gave the most accurate estimates in terms of residual sum of squares. Differences were less than 2.3% for n>500 compared with predictive regressions and 1.5% compared with functional regressions. No difference was observed between both predictive and functional regressions. Determination coefficients (r2) increased with sample size, and the highest r2 were obtained for 50

Length-weight relationship of mudskippers (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae) in the coastal areas of Selangor, Malaysia

Parameters a and b of the length-weight relationship (LWR) were estimated for eleven species of mudskippers caught in the coastal areas of Selangor, Malaysia. The values of b ranged from 2.56 to 3.50 with the mean b equal to 2.95 (n=11; sd=0.302). A normal distribution of the calculated LWR exponent (b) was obtained.

Length weight relationships of Nigerian freshwater fishes

Length-weight relationships of 73 fish populations, covering 20 families, 28 genera and 40 species inhabiting freshwater ecosystems in Nigeria, were estimated (73 cases) or assembled from the literature (20 cases), and tested for difference between ecosystem types, There were no significant differences in the exponent of these relationships between lotic and lentic systems.