Função visual e envelhecimento: reflexões a propósito de um estudo exploratório em idosos do Concelho de Loures

Os indivíduos com idade ≥ 50 anos representam entre 65% a 82% dos casos de baixa visão e cegueira. Cerca de metade dos casos de baixa de acuidade visual são corrigíveis e cerca de 1/4 são preveníveis. As causas mais frequentes são os erros de refração (43%) e as cataratas (33%). Os idosos podem não reportar informação relacionada com queixas do foro visual, uma vez que, podem estar mais focados noutros sintomas. Objectivos: identificar a prevalência de alterações da função visual; identificar a prevalência de alterações da acuidade visual para longe e perto; identificar as alterações da acuidade visual para longe causadas por erros refrativos através do buraco estenopeico; identificar alterações da sensibilidade ao contraste, estereopsia e visão cromática; identificar a periodicidade da avaliação oftalmológica.

Impact of the background Region of Interest in the relative renal function

Renal scintigraphy with 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA) is performed with the aim of detect cortical abnormalities related to urinary tract infection and accurately quantify relative renal function (RRF). For this quantitative assessment Nuclear Medicine Technologist should draw regions of interest (ROI) around each kidney (KROI) and peri-renal background (BKG) ROI although controversy still exists about BKG-ROI. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the normalization procedure, number and location of BKG-ROI on the RRF in 99mTc-DMSA scintigraphy.

Insuficiência de convergência e atenção visual: estudo exploratório em estudantes do ensino superior

RESUMO: Introdução – A insuficiência de convergência (IC) pode desencadear alterações da atenção visual. Pretende-se investigar se existem alterações na atenção visual em estudantes do ensino superior com IC. Metodologia – Estudo quantitativo, comparativo e correlacional. Participaram 44 estudantes com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 24 anos. Formaram-se dois grupos, um com Visão Binocular Normal (VBN) e outro com IC. O grupo com IC incluiu os indivíduos que apresentaram alterações no ponto próximo de convergência (PPC) e/ou na convergência para perto (C’). Para avaliar a atenção visual utilizou-se o teste de cancelamento de sinos. Resultados – O grupo com VBN foi composto por 32 indivíduos (23 do género feminino) e o grupo com IC por 12 indivíduos (11 do género feminino). No teste de atenção visual verificou-se que o número médio de sinos identificados foi de 34,6 para o grupo com VBN e de 34,3 no grupo com IC. O tempo médio de realização do teste foi de 167,9s e de 198,3s para os grupos de VBN e IC, respetivamente. Observou-se uma correlação moderada positiva entre o PPC e o tempo médio de realização do teste (r≈0,63) e uma correlação fraca positiva entre o número médio de sinos identificados e a C’ (r≈0,16). Por outro lado, a correlação entre o PPC e o número médio de sinos identificados (r≈-0,48) foi fraca negativa e entre a C’ e o tempo médio (r≈-0,05) foi ínfima negativa. Discussão/Conclusões – O grupo com VBN apresenta um número médio de sinos identificados superior ao grupo com IC. Verifica-se ainda que o grupo com IC demorou mais tempo na realização do teste, comparativamente com o grupo com VBN. Estes resultados apontam para uma possível relação entre a IC e a diminuição da atenção visual.

Relação entre o envelhecimento e o campo visual binocular em tarefas do quotidiano

RESUMO: Introdução – O envelhecimento pode estar relacionado com a perda de autonomia e declínio da capacidade funcional dos indivíduos, o que tende a comprometer a execução de tarefas do quotidiano e consequentemente leva a repercussões na qualidade de vida, afetando-a de forma negativa. Objetivos – Rever a bibliografia atualmente disponível no que respeita às repercussões do envelhecimento no campo visual binocular e atencional e à influência do campo visual binocular na leitura, escrita e marcha/locomoção em idosos. Metodologia – Este estudo é uma revisão de literatura. Procedeu-se à análise de 37 artigos científicos, que posteriormente foram organizados numa grelha de observação e numa tabela comparativa. Resultados – Dos artigos analisados, 32,43% (n=12) apontam para uma diminuição da extensão do campo visual binocular e atencional relacionada com o envelhecimento. Repercussões da diminuição da extensão do campo visual binocular sem fator atencional nas atividades quotidianas são referidas em 54,05% (n=20) dos artigos. Neste grupo de artigos 40,53% (n=15) apontam para a existência de uma relação entre o campo visual binocular com o desempenho na leitura, escrita ou marcha/locomoção. Do total de artigos analisados, dos 45,95% (n=17) que descrevem o campo visual binocular com fator atencional, 10,81% (n=4) apontam para a mesma relação. Discussão/Conclusões – O envelhecimento provoca um decréscimo no campo visual binocular, sendo este mais acentuado na periferia. Este decréscimo, na presença de uma atenção visual diminuída, influencia o desempenho na leitura, escrita e marcha/locomoção.

The impact of exercise training on liver transplanted familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) patients

Liver transplantation is nowadays the only effective answer to adjourn the outcome of functional limitations associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by sensory and motor polyneuropathies. Nevertheless, there is a detrimental impact associated with the after-surgery period on the fragile physical condition of these patients. Exercise training has been proven to be effective on reconditioning patients after transplantation. However, the effects of exercise training in liver transplanted FAP patients have not been scrutinized yet.

Identidade visual: o simbolismo na identidade organizacional

A identidade visual envolve os símbolos e elementos gráficos que expressam a identidade organizacional, expondo a sua essência. As organizações competem pela diferenciação, sendo os elementos simbólicos e emocionais nesse processo de expressar o que são e o que defendem, progressivamente mais importantes. A identidade visual promove, como nenhum outro elemento, o reconhecimento e a visibilidade organizacional suscitando simultaneamente ligações emocionais

Market impact of international sporting and cultural events

We study market reaction to the announcements of the selected country hosting the Summer and Winter Olympic Games, the World Football Cup, the European Football Cup and World and Specialized Exhibitions. We generalize previous results analyzing a large number and different types of mega-events, evaluate the effects for winning and losing countries, investigate the determinants of the observed market reaction and control for the ex ante probability of a country being a successful bidder. Average abnormal returns measured at the announcement date and around the event are not significantly different from zero. Further, we find no evidence supporting that industries, that a priori were more likely to extract direct benefits from the event, observe positive significant effects. Yet, when we control for anticipation, the stock price reactions around the announcements are significant.

Binocular vision and reading ability in a Portuguese population of school age children

Preventable visual loss caused by amblyopia (2 to 4%) and its risk factors such as strabismus (3%) and uncorrected refractive errors (5 to 7%) represent an important public health problem. Children with binocular vision anomalies could be at disadvantage in reading and writing. Objectives: (1) Describe binocular vision measures in children of school age; and (2) Describe the impact of abnormal binocular vision on reading ability (reading errors and reading speed).

O cânone visual: as belas-artes em discurso

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Building the «true evolutionism»: Darwin's impact on Henri Bergson's thought

The paper focuses on the importance of Darwin’s work for the shaping of Henri Bergson’s philosophy, bearing on mind that the two authors first intercepted symbolically in 1859, when On the Origin of Species was published and Bergson was born. Bergson studied the biological sciences of his time, whose results were integrated in a metaphysical thought. He belonged to spiritualistic positivism, a philosophy that goes from the positive data of sciences and finds the ultimate explanation of reality in a spiritual principle. He was interested in the positive evolution of the natural world and in the works of naturalists such as Lamarck, De Vries or Eimer. Darwin was among these authors, being responsible for a vision of evolution that went from the scientific level to other domains. Bergson defends the “insufficiency of pure Darwinism” by pointing out the necessity to compensate scientific evolution with an internal metaphysical reading of the real, which he considered to be “true evolutionism”. This criticism is the most visible aspect of the relations between both works. However, an attentive look verifies that Darwin’s influence overcomes the divergence of positions concerning the extent of “evolution”. The French philosopher knew not only the 1859’s bestseller, but also studies by Darwin about ethology, entomology and botany, which contributed to the fact that the naturalist’s impact gained fundamental importance in Bergson’s philosophical perspective.

Impact of socioeconomic status on Brazilian elderly health

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of socioeconomic status on elderly health. METHODS: The study was based on cross-sectional data from Survey on Health, Well-Being, and Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean. The sample comprised 2,143 non-institutionalized elderly aged 60 years and older living in the urban area of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Linear regression models estimated the effect of socioeconomic status indicators (years of schooling completed, occupation and purchasing power) on each one of the following health indicators: depression, self-rated health, morbidity and memory capacity. A 5% significance level was set. RESULTS: There was a significant effect of years of education and purchasing power on self-rated health and memory capacity when controlled for the variables number of diseases during childhood, bed rest for at least a month due to health problems during childhood, self-rated health during childhood, living arrangements, sex, age, marital status, category of health insurance, intake of medicines. Only purchasing power had an effect on depression. Despite the bivariate association between socioeconomic status indicators and number of diseases (morbidity), this effect was no longer seen after including the controls in the model. CONCLUSIONS: The study results confirm the association between socioeconomic status indicators and health among Brazilian elderly, but only for some dimensions of socioeconomic status and certain health outcomes.

Edible Azorean macroalgae as source of rich nutrients with impact on human health

Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

An Interface to Retrieve Personal Memories Using an Iconic Visual Language

Relevant past events can be remembered when visualizing related pictures. The main difficulty is how to find these photos in a large personal collection. Query definition and image annotation are key issues to overcome this problem. The former is relevant due to the diversity of the clues provided by our memory when recovering a past moment and the later because images need to be annotated with information regarding those clues to be retrieved. Consequently, tools to recover past memories should deal carefully with these two tasks. This paper describes a user interface designed to explore pictures from personal memories. Users can query the media collection in several ways and for this reason an iconic visual language to define queries is proposed. Automatic and semi-automatic annotation is also performed using the image content and the audio information obtained when users show their images to others. The paper also presents the user interface evaluation based on tests with 58 participants.

Expert opinion on best practice guidelines and competency framework for visual screening in children

PURPOSE: Screening programs to detect visual abnormalities in children vary among countries. The aim of this study is to describe experts' perception of best practice guidelines and competency framework for visual screening in children. METHODS: A qualitative focus group technique was applied during the Portuguese national orthoptic congress to obtain the perception of an expert panel of 5 orthoptists and 2 ophthalmologists with experience in visual screening for children (mean age 53.43 years, SD ± 9.40). The panel received in advance a script with the description of three tuning competencies dimensions (instrumental, systemic, and interpersonal) for visual screening. The session was recorded in video and audio. Qualitative data were analyzed using a categorical technique. RESULTS: According to experts' views, six tests (35.29%) have to be included in a visual screening: distance visual acuity test, cover test, bi-prism or 4/6(Δ) prism, fusion, ocular movements, and refraction. Screening should be performed according to the child age before and after 3 years of age (17.65%). The expert panel highlighted the influence of the professional experience in the application of a screening protocol (23.53%). They also showed concern about the false negatives control (23.53%). Instrumental competencies were the most cited (54.09%), followed by interpersonal (29.51%) and systemic (16.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Orthoptists should have professional experience before starting to apply a screening protocol. False negative results are a concern that has to be more thoroughly investigated. The proposed framework focuses on core competencies highlighted by the expert panel. Competencies programs could be important do develop better screening programs.