Parallel and Distributed Data Management. Introduction

The manipulation and handling of an ever increasing volume of data by current data-intensive applications require novel techniques for e?cient data management. Despite recent advances in every aspect of data management (storage, access, querying, analysis, mining), future applications are expected to scale to even higher degrees, not only in terms of volumes of data handled but also in terms of users and resources, often making use of multiple, pre-existing autonomous, distributed or heterogeneous resources.

Geometría y Arquitectura en las iglesias cortesanas de Madrid en el siglo XVIII

Con la llegada al trono español de Felipe V, una pléyade de arquitectos y artistas italianos y franceses fueron llamados a Madrid por la nueva dinastía borbónica para cambiar el gusto artístico de un país de cultura y costumbres ajenas. De las obras que estos arquitectos dejaron en España, nos hemos centrado en la arquitectura religiosa por ser más evidente esta influencia. Hemos analizado dos iglesias madrileñas: la de San Ignacio y la Basílica Pontificia de San Miguel (antes iglesia de los santos Justo y Pastor).

A Description Framework and Event-Driven Architecture for the Semantic Web and Semantic Grid

In this introductory chapter we put in context and give a brief outline of the work that we thoroughly present in the rest of the dissertation. We consider this work divided in two main parts. The first part is the Firenze Framework, a knowledge level description framework rich enough to express the semantics required for describing both semantic Web services and semantic Grid services. We start by defining what the Semantic Grid is and its relation with the Semantic Web; and the possibility of their convergence since both initiatives have become mainly service-oriented. We also introduce the main motivators of the creation of this framework, one is to provide a valid description framework that works at knowledge level; the other to provide a description framework that takes into account the characteristics of Grid services in order to be able to describe them properly. The other part of the dissertation is devoted to Vega, an event-driven architecture that, by means of proposed knowledge level description framework, is able to achieve high scale provisioning of knowledge-intensive services. In this introductory chapter we portrait the anatomy of a generic event-driven architecture, and we briefly enumerate their main characteristics, which are the reason that make them our choice.

Enhanced Failure Detection Mechanism in MapReduce

The popularity of MapReduce programming model has increased interest in the research community for its improvement. Among the other directions, the point of fault tolerance, concretely the failure detection issue seems to be a crucial one, but that until now has not reached its satisfying level. Motivated by this, I decided to devote my main research during this period into having a prototype system architecture of MapReduce framework with a new failure detection service, containing both analytical (theoretical) and implementation part. I am confident that this work should lead the way for further contributions in detecting failures to any NoSQL App frameworks, and cloud storage systems in general.

Modelo numérico del comportamiento histerético de uniones entre forjados reticulares y pilares de fachada

Las estructuras de forjados reticulares sobre pilares aislados han sido ampliamente utilizadas en el sur de Europa para edificios de viviendas y oficinas entre los a?nos setenta y noventa del siglo pasado. Estas estructuras, proyectadas y construidas con códigos actualmente obsoletos, podrían tener un comportamiento deficiente en caso de terremoto y es necesario evaluar su vulnerabilidad y la necesidad de ser reacondicionadas sísmicamente. Este artículo propone un modelo sencillo de transmisión de esfuerzos en uniones existentes entre forjado reticular y soporte exterior, solicitadas en la dirección normal al plano de fachada. La propuesta tiene en cuenta particularidades de estos forjados tales como la concentración de armaduras orientadas con los nervios y la presencia sistemática de crucetas de punzonamiento. El modelo global consiste en elementos tipo barra para los soportes y tipo placa para el forjado, con uniones entre ambos mediante rótulas a flexión y a torsión. La resistencia de las rótulas a flexión se determina a partir de la estimación de la porción de armadura longitudinal del forjado que transmite directamente momentos al pilar por flexión. La deformación de plastificación de las rótulas se estima con expresiones simples. Como ductilidad de las rótulas a flexión se adopta el valor propuesto por la norma FEMA 356, mientras que para las rótulas a torsión se adopta ductilidad infinita, lo cual es consistente con resultados experimentales previos. Se muestra que la respuesta frente a desplazamientos laterales impuestos monótonamente crecientes obtenida con el modelo propuesto se ajusta adecuadamente a resultados experimentales obtenidos en estudios anteriores, en cuanto a rigidez, resistencia y ductilidad.

An autonomic framework for enhancing the quality of data grid services

Data grid services have been used to deal with the increasing needs of applications in terms of data volume and throughput. The large scale, heterogeneity and dynamism of grid environments often make management and tuning of these data services very complex. Furthermore, current high-performance I/O approaches are characterized by their high complexity and specific features that usually require specialized administrator skills. Autonomic computing can help manage this complexity. The present paper describes an autonomic subsystem intended to provide self-management features aimed at efficiently reducing the I/O problem in a grid environment, thereby enhancing the quality of service (QoS) of data access and storage services in the grid. Our proposal takes into account that data produced in an I/O system is not usually immediately required. Therefore, performance improvements are related not only to current but also to any future I/O access, as the actual data access usually occurs later on. Nevertheless, the exact time of the next I/O operations is unknown. Thus, our approach proposes a long-term prediction designed to forecast the future workload of grid components. This enables the autonomic subsystem to determine the optimal data placement to improve both current and future I/O operations.

Riding out of the storm: How to deal with the complexity of grid and cloud management

Over the last decade, Grid computing paved the way for a new level of large scale distributed systems. This infrastructure made it possible to securely and reliably take advantage of widely separated computational resources that are part of several different organizations. Resources can be incorporated to the Grid, building a theoretical virtual supercomputer. In time, cloud computing emerged as a new type of large scale distributed system, inheriting and expanding the expertise and knowledge that have been obtained so far. Some of the main characteristics of Grids naturally evolved into clouds, others were modified and adapted and others were simply discarded or postponed. Regardless of these technical specifics, both Grids and clouds together can be considered as one of the most important advances in large scale distributed computing of the past ten years; however, this step in distributed computing has came along with a completely new level of complexity. Grid and cloud management mechanisms play a key role, and correct analysis and understanding of the system behavior are needed. Large scale distributed systems must be able to self-manage, incorporating autonomic features capable of controlling and optimizing all resources and services. Traditional distributed computing management mechanisms analyze each resource separately and adjust specific parameters of each one of them. When trying to adapt the same procedures to Grid and cloud computing, the vast complexity of these systems can make this task extremely complicated. But large scale distributed systems complexity could only be a matter of perspective. It could be possible to understand the Grid or cloud behavior as a single entity, instead of a set of resources. This abstraction could provide a different understanding of the system, describing large scale behavior and global events that probably would not be detected analyzing each resource separately. In this work we define a theoretical framework that combines both ideas, multiple resources and single entity, to develop large scale distributed systems management techniques aimed at system performance optimization, increased dependability and Quality of Service (QoS). The resulting synergy could be the key 350 J. Montes et al. to address the most important difficulties of Grid and cloud management.

Harmony: Towards automated self-adaptive consistency in cloud storage

In just a few years cloud computing has become a very popular paradigm and a business success story, with storage being one of the key features. To achieve high data availability, cloud storage services rely on replication. In this context, one major challenge is data consistency. In contrast to traditional approaches that are mostly based on strong consistency, many cloud storage services opt for weaker consistency models in order to achieve better availability and performance. This comes at the cost of a high probability of stale data being read, as the replicas involved in the reads may not always have the most recent write. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, named Harmony, which adaptively tunes the consistency level at run-time according to the application requirements. The key idea behind Harmony is an intelligent estimation model of stale reads, allowing to elastically scale up or down the number of replicas involved in read operations to maintain a low (possibly zero) tolerable fraction of stale reads. As a result, Harmony can meet the desired consistency of the applications while achieving good performance. We have implemented Harmony and performed extensive evaluations with the Cassandra cloud storage on Grid?5000 testbed and on Amazon EC2. The results show that Harmony can achieve good performance without exceeding the tolerated number of stale reads. For instance, in contrast to the static eventual consistency used in Cassandra, Harmony reduces the stale data being read by almost 80% while adding only minimal latency. Meanwhile, it improves the throughput of the system by 45% while maintaining the desired consistency requirements of the applications when compared to the strong consistency model in Cassandra.

El viaje de Alvar Aalto a España en 1951: luces y sombras.

Es suficientemente conocido el viaje que realizó Alvar Aalto a España en 1951, para impartir conferencias primero en Barcelona y después en Madrid. Aquella visita tuvo entonces gran influencia en nuestro país y, posteriormente, con efectos retardados, en la década de los sesenta. Aunque, lógicamente, las mencionaremos, no pretendemos incidir en cuestiones ya tratadas por otros autores como, por ejemplo, su negativa a contemplar una arquitectura que le distrajese de su quehacer edilicio habitual, como fue la Sagrada Familia, El Escorial, la Plaza Mayor de Madrid o el edificio del Museo del Prado; o su gusto por la arquitectura popular que tuvo ocasión de ver y dibujar en aquel viaje; sino intentar buscar las razones que le indujeron a elogiar el que parece ser el único edificio que le interesó: la Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Químicas de la Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid, obra de Miguel de los Santos.

La Arquitectura del Palacio-Monasterio de Loeches. El sueño olvidado de un valido; la emulacion de un Real Retiro

D. Gaspar de Guzmán, III Conde-Duque de Olivares Roma 6/1/1587, Toro 22/7/1645), adquiere el señorío de Loeches en 1633 y desde entonces hasta su muerte construye un conjunto monástico-palacial, labor que continua su esposa Inés de Zúñiga hasta su fallecimiento en 1647. El autor de sus trazas fue el arquitecto albaceteño Alonso de Carbonel (1583-1660), responsable de la ejecución de otras obras coetáneas en Madrid, como el Palacio del Buen Retiro y el convento e Iglesia de los Santos Justo y Pastor ó de las Maravillas. Y Loeches fue el refugio y lugar del primer destierro de Olivares tras la pérdida del favor del rey Felipe IV, el 23 de enero de 1643. Gregorio Marañón en su libro sobre Olivares1 menciona y analiza someramente el palacio en ruinas, visitando y fotografiando el lugar antes de la Guerra Civil. En 2002, el profesor Juan Luis Blanco Mozo leyó una Tesis doctoral sobre Alonso Carbonel. En ella describía superficialmente el conjunto de Loeches, ya que su visita se limitó al exterior dado su carácter de clausura, su dificultad de acceso y su extensión. Son numerosos los estudios y publicaciones sobre los monasterios-palacio de los Austrias españoles, pero no lo son (exceptuando el caso de Lerma estudiado por D. Luis Cervera Vera) los que se han ocupado en profundidad de la emulación arquitectónica de esta idea por parte de la alta nobleza, y los altos cargos, secretarios ó ministros. Sus residencias eran con frecuencia una réplica de otras reales, eran prueba y demostración tanto de su poderío económico como de su “fuerza política”, de su reputación y de su “fama”. Ellos eran parte de una clase dirigente, inspiradores y coautores de la política y del programa ideológico de sus soberanos, responsables de un aparato administrativo y de un “estamento clientelar”, considerado por muchos como un invariante de la monarquía Habsburgo española.

Seguridad estructural para construcciones en zonas inundables : criterio de diseño : soluciones de minoración del riesgo de fallo

La gestión de riesgos debe ser entendida como una determinación de vínculos entre lo que se asume como vulnerabilidad, y la forma en la que se determinarían o estimarían la probabilidad en la concurrencia de un determinado hecho, partiendo de la idea de la concurrencia de un fenómeno y las acciones necesarias que deberán llevarse a cabo. El tema de vulnerabilidad y riesgo, cada día toma más importancia a nivel mundial, a medida que pasa el tiempo es más notoria la vulnerabilidad de ciertas poblaciones ante la presencia de determinados peligros naturales como son: inundaciones, desbordes de ríos, deslizamientos de tierra y movimientos sísmicos. La vulnerabilidad aumenta, a medida que crece la deforestación. La construcción en lugares de alto riesgo, como por ejemplo, viviendas a orillas de los ríos, está condicionada por la localización y las condiciones de uso del suelo, infraestructura, construcciones, viviendas, distribución y densidad de población, capacidad de organización, etc. Es ahora donde la gestión de riesgos, juega un papel muy importante en la sociedad moderna, siendo esta cada vez más exigente con los resultados y calidad de productos y servicios, además de cumplir también, con la responsabilidad jurídica que trae la concepción, diseño y construcción de proyectos en zonas inundables. El presente trabajo de investigación, se centra en identificar los riesgos, aplicando soluciones estructurales y recomendaciones resilientes para edificaciones que se encuentren emplazadas en zonas inundables. Disminuyendo así el riesgo de fallo estructural y el número de víctimas considerablemente. Concluyendo con un Catálogo de Riesgos y Soluciones para edificaciones en zonas inundables. Risk management should be understood as a determination of links between what is assumed to be vulnerable , and how that would be determined or would estimate the probability in the occurrence of a certain event, based on the idea of the occurrence of a phenomenon and necessary actions to be carried out . The issue of vulnerability and risk, every day takes more importance globally, as time passes is more notorious vulnerability of certain populations in the presence of certain natural hazards such as floods, swollen rivers, landslides and earthquakes. Vulnerability increases as it grows deforestation. The construction in high-risk locations, such as homes on the banks of rivers, is conditioned by the location and conditions of land use, infrastructure, construction, housing, distribution and population density, organizational skills, etc. Now where risk management plays a very important role in modern society, is being increasingly demanding with the results and quality of products and services, and also comply with the legal responsibility that brings the conception, design and construction projects in flood zones. This research focuses on identifying risks, implementing structural solutions and resilients’ recommendations for buildings that are emplaced in flood zones. Thus decreasing the risk of structural failure and the number of victims significantly. Concluding with a Catalogue of Risks and Solutions for buildings in flood zones.

Sermon panegirico que en la solemne fiesta que celebró la Santa Iglesia Metropolitana de Valencia por la ... beatificacion de ... Juan de Ribera ... en el dia 27 de agosto ... de 1797

Hay un ejemplar encuadernado con: Sermon en la Solemne fiesta que en honra de la canonización de S. Josef de Calasanz, fundador de las Escuelas Pias celebró la ... Parroquia de los Santos Juanes (NP08/35).

Allegacion del dotor Miguel Angel de Oñate por el clero de la Iglesia Parroquial de San Iuan Bautista y Euangelista de la presenete Ciudad, con el Procurador Fiscal de la Visita de la Generalidad del... Reino...

Sign.: A-C2, D1

GMonE: a complete approach to cloud monitoring

The inherent complexity of modern cloud infrastructures has created the need for innovative monitoring approaches, as state-of-the-art solutions used for other large-scale environments do not address specific cloud features. Although cloud monitoring is nowadays an active research field, a comprehensive study covering all its aspects has not been presented yet. This paper provides a deep insight into cloud monitoring. It proposes a unified cloud monitoring taxonomy, based on which it defines a layered cloud monitoring architecture. To illustrate it, we have implemented GMonE, a general-purpose cloud monitoring tool which covers all aspects of cloud monitoring by specifically addressing the needs of modern cloud infrastructures. Furthermore, we have evaluated the performance, scalability and overhead of GMonE with Yahoo Cloud Serving Benchmark (YCSB), by using the OpenNebula cloud middleware on the Grid’5000 experimental testbed. The results of this evaluation demonstrate the benefits of our approach, surpassing the monitoring performance and capabilities of cloud monitoring alternatives such as those present in state-of-the-art systems such as Amazon EC2 and OpenNebula.

Officia sanctorum in Breuiario Romano : ex mandato Summorum Pontificum apponenda, & de praecepto recitanda ; et alia quae generaliter in Hispania ...

Sign.: [calderon]6, A-P8