Gravidez molar em adolescentes: caracter��sticas cl��nicas, evolutiva e terap��uticas

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Transporte mar��timo y puertos: desaf��os y oportunidades en busca de un desarrollo sostenible en Am��rica Latina y el Caribe

La evoluci��n del paradigma de desarrollo sostenible hacia la enumeraci��n integrada de las ��reas econ��micas, sociales y ambientales, las cuales en su conjunto impactan sobre la calidad de la vida humana, facilita una mejor articulaci��n entre el desempe��o econ��mico, social y ambiental del sector transporte y el progreso hacia el desarrollo sostenible. En la actualidad, m��s que continuar a sostener y justificar el v��nculo general entre transporte y desarrollo, hace falta identificar c��mo y bajo cu��les condiciones el sector de transporte puede brindar una contribuci��n necesaria al logro de los objetivos post-2015. En este contexto, el presente documento busca ofrecer una visi��n del transporte mar��timo basada en el contexto y los requerimientos del nuevo paradigma de desarrollo sostenible. Desde esta perspectiva, el documento eval��a los retos para los puertos de la regi��n de Am��rica Latina, enfoc��ndose en el desaf��o de la sostenibilidad en su sentido m��s amplio, y plantea la necesidad de cambios profundos de las pol��ticas portuarias ���cambios paradigm��ticos que requieren una nueva gobernanza portuaria en la regi��n.

La econom��a del cambio clim��tico en Bolivia: Impactos en hidroenerg��a

En este estudio se analizan los efectos del cambio clim��tico sobre el sector de energ��a el��ctrica en Bolivia, tomando como base las proyecciones realizadas por el modelo de equilibrio general computable. El cambio clim��tico afectar��a a la generaci��n de energ��a hidroel��ctrica a trav��s del efecto sobre los caudales de los r��os que suministran agua a las centrales hidroel��ctricas del Sistema Interconectado Nacional. Concretamente, se espera una disminuci��n de las precipitaciones con la consecuente disminuci��n en el caudal, lo que reducir��a la oferta de energ��a hidroel��ctrica.

El cambio clim��tico y sus efectos en la biodiversidad en Am��rica Latina

Am��rica Latina y el Caribe es una regi��n particularmente vulnerable a las amenazas del cambio clim��tico. Esto, entre otras razones, por la riqueza en biodiversidad y por los endemismos que alberga En este sentido el presente documento analiza y resume los principales impactos del cambio clim��tico en la biodiversidad de Am��rica Latina y el Caribe, incluyendo especies end��micas de aves, anfibios y reptiles. Asimismo, destaca la importancia econ��mica, social y ambiental de la conservaci��n de la biodiversidad, considerando los servicios culturales, de aprovisionamiento, y de regulaci��n y soporte que esto genera.

A ind��stria farmac��utica da Am��rica Latina: um estudo comparativo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

Aproveitamento de res��duos na composi����o de painel sarrafeado amarrado: um estudo econ��mico

The manufacture of plywood panel already has about eighty years in Brazil. In general, plywood panels differ by their nature, composition and manufacturing; the most common MDF, OSB, particle and the joist. Some of these products can be generated fromindustrial waste, as the panelblockboard, you can use in their training waste destop boards (Battens), from industrial processes or processing of primary wood. This work aims to present the detailed study of the economic viability of utilization of industrial solid waste timber through the acquisition of a machine amarradeira of joists in a wood processing unit in city Itapeva-SP. We studied the application of wastein the composition of kernels blockboard panel tied its commercial acceptance and future prospects market. We noticed great economic advantage in investing in the study, compared with the transformation process of the joists in biomass energy, although the investment decision involves not only financial matters but also the acceptance market the product to be manufactured

Varia����o hist��rica dos pre��os e das reservas de petr��leo brasileiras e internacionais no per��odo 1992-2011

The oil market is not a common market, and its complexity increases dramatically when considering the strategic and geopolitical involved, thus resulting in large uncertainties and concerns. The attempt to control prices has always been a challenge for the major world powers, since the increase in oil prices benefits the exporting countries, but harms importers, especially those regarded as less developed. Understand and try to predict some strategies adopted up the oil crises is one of the main points of the research, in order to demonstrate how economics can be used as an instrument of power and domination between nations, and how plans and strategies and rearrangements of supply and demand favor the growth of this economy, especially in the current period, with the new Brazilian oil era, beginning with the discovery of pre-salt, amid a context of growing need for the use of oil and its derivatives

A obsolesc��ncia deliberada dos produtos e sua rela����o com o meio ambiente

A preocupa����o ambiental �� crescente em praticamente todas as ��reas do conhecimento. A mir��ade de abordagens do tema ���meio ambiente��� dentro da Ci��ncia Econ��mica revela a prem��ncia do assunto bem como a dist��ncia do consenso. Assim, apesar da complexidade intr��nseca ao sistema capitalista quando da sua inter-rela����o com os recursos naturais, polui����o e biodiversidade, o presente trabalho prop��e a an��lise da obsolesc��ncia prematura deliberada dos produtos como estrat��gia para impulsionar as vendas e sua rela����o com o meio ambiente bem como a observa����o de estrat��gias para a inibi����o dessa pr��tica que promove o aumento do consumo - nem sempre consciente - dos recursos naturais em nome do lucro imediatista e gera quantidades cada vez maiores de res��duos e poluentes

Migra����o e trabalho: impactos do processo migrat��rio na viv��ncia da mulher nordestina

P��s-gradua����o em Servi��o Social - FCHS

O equil��brio econ��mico-financeiro dos contratos de concess��o de rodovias federais e estaduais sob a ��gide da Lei 8.987/95

P��s-gradua����o em Direito - FCHS

Brazil in Africa: Another Emerging Power in the Continent?

This paper develops three basic arguments. First, it presents the basic underpinnings of Brazilian diplomacy in the past half century, concentrating on the changes adopted in the 1980s and the 1990s up to the foreign policy put forward by Lula`s government (2003-2009). It recognises that Lula`s foreign policy represents a step forward, especially where Africa is concerned. However, it does not seem to be clear whether the Brazilian economy has enough strength to sustain such a foreign policy, as is shown in the second part of the paper. This is indeed the case if comparisons are made with India, China and even South Africa, when the latter`s regional role is considered. Finally, an effort is made to summarise the recent political cooperation established between Brazil and African countries as well as to present an overview of Brazil`s trade and investment relations both with the region as a whole and with some important individual partners. Once this picture is established, we investigate whether these realmsdiplomatic/political and economictake independent tracks, or if they do interact in a coherent manner. Africa remained deep inside Brazil and Brazilians, not as something external to ourselves. But as a mythic space; neither geographical, nor historical.

Household income, sex and respiratory mortality in Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1996-2010

SETTING: Respiratory mortality rates are declining in several countries, including Brazil; however, the effect of socio-economic indicators and sex is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To identify differences in mortality trends according to income and sex in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN: We performed a time-trend analysis of all respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer and tuberculosis, using Joinpoint regression comparing high, middle and low household income levels from 1996 to 2010. RESULTS: The annual per cent change (APC) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for death rates from all respiratory disease in men in high-income areas was -1.1 (95%CI -2.7 to 0.5) in 1996-2002 and -4.3 (95%CI -5.9 to -2.8) in 2003-2009. In middle- and low-income areas, the decline was respectively -1.5 (95%CI -2.2 to -0.7) and -1.4 (95%CI -1.9 to -0.8). For women, the APC declined in high-income (-1.0, 95%CI -1.9 to -0.2) and low-income areas (0.8, 95%CI -1.3 to -0.2), but not in middle-income areas (-0.5, 95%CI -1.4 to 0.3) from 1996 to 2010. CONCLUSION: Death rates due to COPD and all respiratory disease declined more consistently in men from high-income areas. Mortality due to lung cancer decreased in men, but increased in women in middle- and low-income areas.

Wind-driven cross-equatorial flow in the Indian ocean

M��ster en Oceanograf��a

Spatial and temporal variation in settlement, growth and condition of the rockfish species Sebastes caurinus and Sebastes carnatus in the Channel Islands region, Santa Barbara, CA

Survival during the early life stages of marine species, including nearshore temperate reef fishes, is typically very low, and small changes in mortality rates, due to physiological and environmental conditions, can have marked effects on survival of a cohort and, on a larger scale, on the success of a recruitment season. Moreover, trade offs between larval growth and accumulation of energetic resources prior to settlement are likely to influence growth and survival until this critical period and afterwards. Rockfish recruitment rates are notoriously variable between years and across geographic locations. Monitoring of rates of onshore delivery of pelagic juveniles (defined here as settlement) of two species of nearshore rockfishes, Sebastes caurinus and Sebastes carnatus, was done between 2003-2009 years using artificial collectors placed at San Miguel and Santa Cruz Island, off Southern California coast. I investigated spatiotemporal variation in settlement rate, lipid content, pelagic larval duration and larval growth of the newly settled fishes; I assessed relationships between birth date, larval growth, early life-history characteristics and lipid content at settlement, considering also interspecific differences; finally, I attempt to relate interannual patterns of settlement and of early life history traits to easily accessible, local and regional indices of ocean conditions including in situ ocean temperature and regional upwelling, sea surface temperature (SST) and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration. Spatial variations appeared to be of low relevance, while significant interannual differences were detected in settlement rate, pelagic larval duration and larval growth. The amount of lipid content of the newly settled fishes was highly variable in space and time, but did not differ between the two species and did not show any relationships with early life history traits, indicating that no trade off involved these physiological processes or they were masked by high individual variability in different periods of larval life. Significant interspecific differences were found in the timing of parturition and settlement and in larval growth rates, with S. carnatus growing faster and breeding and settling later than S. caurinus. The two species exhibited also different patterns of correlations between larval growth rates and larval duration. S. carnatus larval duration was longer when the growth in the first two weeks post-hatch was faster, while S. caurinus had a shorter larval duration when grew fast in the middle and in the end of larval life, suggesting different larval strategies. Fishes with longer larval durations were longer in size at settlement and exhibited longer planktonic phase in periods of favourable environmental conditions. Ocean conditions had a low explanatory power for interannual variation in early life history traits, but a very high explanatory power for settlement fluctuations, with regional upwelling strength being the principal indicator. Nonetheless, interannual variability in larval duration and growth were related to great phenological changes in upwelling happened during the period of this study and that caused negative consequences at all trophic levels along the California coast. Despite the low explanatory power of the environmental variables used in this study on the variation of larval biological traits, environmental processes were differently related with early life history characteristics analyzed to species, indicating possible species-specific susceptibility to ocean conditions and local environmental adaptation, which should be further investigated. These results have implications for understanding the processes influencing larval and juvenile survival, and consequently recruitment variability, which may be dependent on biological characteristics and environmental conditions.