Triple isotope (δD, δ17O, δ18O) study on precipitation, drip water and speleothem fluid inclusions for a central European cave (NW Switzerland)

Deuterium (dD) and oxygen (d18O) isotopes are powerful tracers of the hydrological cycle and have been extensively used for paleoclimate reconstructions as they can provide information on past precipitation, temperature and atmospheric circulation. More recently, the use of 17Oexcess derived from precise measurement of d17O and d18O gives new and additional insights in tracing the hydrological cycle whereas uncertainties surround this proxy. However, 17Oexcess could provide additional information on the atmospheric conditions at the moisture source as well as about fractionations associated with transport and site processes. In this paper we trace water stable isotopes (dD, d17O and d18O) along their path from precipitation to cave drip water and finally to speleothem fluid inclusions for Milandre cave in northwestern Switzerland. A two year-long daily resolved precipitation isotope record close to the cave site is compared to collected cave drip water (3 months average resolution) and fluid inclusions of modern and Holocene stalagmites. Amount weighted mean dD, d18O and d17O are �71.0‰, �9.9‰, �5.2‰ for precipitation, �60.3‰, �8.7‰, �4.6‰ for cave drip water and �61.3‰, �8.3‰, �4.7‰ for recent fluid inclusions respectively. Second order parameters have also been derived in precipitation and drip water and present similar values with 18 per meg for 17Oexcess whereas d-excess is 1.5‰ more negative in drip water. Furthermore, the atmospheric signal is shifted towards enriched values in the drip water and fluid inclusions (D of ~ þ 10‰ for dD). The isotopic composition of cave drip water exhibits a weak seasonal signal which is shifted by around 8e10 months (groundwater residence time) when compared to the precipitation. Moreover, we carried out the first d17O measurement in speleothem fluid inclusions, as well as the first comparison of the d17O behaviour from the meteoric water to the fluid inclusions entrapment in speleothems. This study on precipitation, drip water and fluid inclusions will be used as a speleothem proxy calibration for Milandre cave in order to reconstruct paleotemperatures and moisture source variations for Western Central Europe.

Potential sites of triple-helical nucleic acid formation in chromosomes of Rhynchosciara (Diptera: Sciaridae) and Drosophila melanogaster

Antibodies to specific nucleic acid conformations are amongst the methods that have allowed the study of non-canonical (Watson-Crick) DNA structures in higher organisms. In this work, the structural limitations for the immunological detection of DNA.RNA hybrid duplexes were examined using specific RNA homopolymers as probes for homopolymer polydeoxyadenylic acid (poly(dA)).polydeoxythymidylic acid (poly(dT))-rich regions of Rhynchosciara americana (Diptera: Sciaridae) chromosomes. Anti-DNA.RNA duplexes did not react with the complex formed between chromosomal poly(dA) and exogenous polyuridylic acid (poly(rU)). Additionally, poly(rU) prevented the detection of polyadenylic acid.poly(dT) hybrid duplexes preformed in situ. These results raised the possibility that three-stranded structures rather than duplexes were formed in chromosomal sites. To test this hypothesis, the specificity of antibodies to triple-helical nucleic acids was reassessed employing distinct nucleic acid configurations. These antibodies were raised to the poly(dA).poly(rU).poly(rU) complex and have been used here for the first time in immunocytochemistry. Anti-triplex antibodies recognised the complex poly(dA).poly(rU).poly(rU) assembled with poly(rU) in poly(dA).poly(dT)-rich homopolymer regions of R. americana chromosomes. The antibodies could not detect short triplex stretches, suggesting the existence of constraints for triple-helix detection, probably related to triplex tract length. In addition, anti-poly(dA).poly(rU).poly(rU) antibodies reacted with the pericentric heterochromatin of RNase-treated polytene chromosomes of R. americana and Drosophila melanogaster. In apparent agreement with data obtained in cell types from other organisms, the results of this work suggest that significant triple-helix DNA extensions can be formed in pericentric regions of these species.

Triple- and quadruple-escape peaks in HPGe detectors: Experimental observation and Monte Carlo simulation

The triple- and quadruple-escape peaks of 6.128 MeV photons from the (19)F(p,alpha gamma)(16)O nuclear reaction were observed in an HPGe detector. The experimental peak areas, measured in spectra projected with a restriction function that allows quantitative comparison of data from different multiplicities, are in reasonably good agreement with those predicted by Monte Carlo simulations done with the general-purpose radiation-transport code PENELOPE. The behaviour of the escape intensities was simulated for some gamma-ray energies and detector dimensions; the results obtained can be extended to other energies using an empirical function and statistical properties related to the phenomenon. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Magnetoresistance oscillations in triple quantum wells under microwave irradiation

The interference of magneto-intersubband oscillations and microwave-induced resistance oscillations is studied in high-density triple quantum wells. We give an introduction into magnetotransport in trilayer systems and focus on photoresistance measurements. The power and frequency dependence of the observed magnetoresistance oscillations can be described by the inelastic mechanism of photoresistance, generalized to the three-subband case. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Magneto-intersubband oscillations in triple quantum wells

We present magnetotransport studies of high-density triple quantum well samples with different barrier widths. Because of electron transitions between three occupied 2D subbands, the magneto-resistance shows magneto-intersubband oscillations whose periodicity is determined by the subband separation energies. Temperature-dependent measurements allow us to extract quantum lifetime of electrons. A theoretical consideration of the observed phenomenon is also presented. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Triple Structural Transition below Room Temperature in the Antifilarial Drug Diethylcarbamazine Citrate

A very unusual triple structural transition pattern below room temperature was observed for the antifilarial drug diethylcarbamazine citrate. Besides the first thermal, crystallographic, and vibrational investigations of this first-line drug used in clinical treatment for lymphatic filariasis, a noteworthy behavior with three structural transformations as a function of temperature was demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry, Raman spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. Our X-ray data on single crystals allow for a complete featuring and understanding of all transitions, since the four structures associated with the three solid-solid phase transformations were accurately determined. Two of three structural transitions show an order-disorder mechanism and temperature hysteresis with exothermic peaks at 224 K (T(1)`) and 213 K (T(2)`) upon cooling and endothermic ones at 248 K (T(1)) and 226 K (T(2)) upon heating. The other transition occurs at 108 K (T(3)) and it is temperature-rate sensitive. Molecular displacements onto the (010) plane and conformational changes of the diethylcarbamazine backbone as a consequence of the C-H center dot center dot center dot N hydrogen bonding formation/cleavage between drug molecules explain the mechanism of the transitions at T(1)`/T(2). However, such changes are observed only on alternate columns of the drug intercalated by citrate chains, which leads to a doubling of the lattice period along the a axis of the 235 K structure with respect to the 150 and 293 K structures. At T(2)`/T(1), these structural alterations occur in all columns of the drug. At T(3), there is a rotation on the axis of the N-C bond between the carbamoyl moiety and an ethyl group of one crystallographically independent diethylcarbamazine molecule besides molecular shifts and other conformational alterations. The impact of this study is based on the fascinating finding in which the versatile capability of structural adaptation dependent on the thermal history was observed for a relatively simple organic salt, diethylcarbamazine citrate.

PRIORITIZING LAND PURCHASES FOR THE BELGRADE REGIONAL CONSERVATION ALLIANCE

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VIEWSHED ANALYSIS OF THE LANDS OF THE BELGRADE REGIONAL CONSERVATION ALLIANCE

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Prioritizing Land Purchases for the Belgrade Regional Conservation Alliance

The Belgrade Regional Conservation Alliance is an organization that is dedicated to preserving land and water quality in the Belgrade Lakes region in Maine. The BRCA holds land in such towns as Belgrade, Mount Vernon, New Sharon, Vienna, Rome, Smithfield, and Oakland. The BRCA is looking to expand its acreage in and around these areas to better accommodate the public and to promote the ongoing effort to conserve land as part of the Kennebec Highlands Project. The BRCA is currently considering parcels of 50+ acres in New Sharon, Rome, Belgrade, and Mount Vernon. In order to identify possible suitable parcels, we completed a GIS analysis and produced these layered maps, which highlight areas of land that we think might be desirable to the BRCA. Our analysis encompasses human access, wildlife access, and the locations and sizes of parcels.

Viewshed Analysis of the Lands of Belgrade Regional Conservation Alliance

The Belgrade Regional Conservation Alliance (BRCA) has acquired a great deal of land in the Belgrade Lakes region of Maine and is currently in negotiations on many pieces of land throughout the area. Data available online from the Maine Office of GIS, and data from the BRCA were used to carry out this analysis. One area of interest is Mount Phillip, the summit of which the BRCA recently acquired. There is a good view to the south of the mountain, but the potential view to the east and north is in question. This study analyzed the view from the top of the mountain, focusing on two landmarks: Mosher Hill to the east, and North Pond to the north. The analysis shows that both Mosher Hill and North Pond can be seen well from Mount Phillip. These results could help the BRCA both by adding weight to their negotiations to protect Mosher Hill, as well as influencing their decision whether or not to thin part of the forest on Mount Phillip to open up the view of North Pond that is currently blocked.

Relação entre a cultura organizacional e os indicadores de desempenho econômico, ambiental, e social de sustentabilidade do triple bottom line (3BL): um estudo nas companhias de energia elétrica

Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul para obtenção do título de Doutora em Administração

Infecção por Giardia lamblia (Kunstler, 1882) em cães (Canis familiaris) determinada através do método de Faust e Cols. (1939) e da técnica de coloração da auramina, no município de Canoas, RS, Brasil.

Giardia lamblia é um protozoário que acomete mais comumente animais jovens e que convivem em grupos. Apesar da alta prevalência, nem todos animais apresentam a doença clínica. Mesmo assim, a giardíase tem importância epidemiológica por possuir um elevado potencial zoonótico. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a freqüência de Giardia lamblia em cães no município de Canoas, RS, Brasil, através do Método de Faust e cols. (1939) e da Técnica de Coloração da Auramina. Os grupos experimentais foram divididos de acordo com a procedência e o sexo. Das 332 amostras analisadas com o Método de Faust e cols, a estimativa em ponto da freqüência obtida foi de 34,04%, podendo variar de 28,95 a 39,13%, dentro de um intervalo de confiança de 95%. Destas amostras, 40,96% foram positivas em animais de canil e 27,11% de rua. O Teste Exato de Fisher aplicado a esses dados revelou existir uma diferença significativa (p = 0,0107) entre as variáveis resultado e procedência. A variável sexo, neste método não apresentou diferença significativa em relação ao resultado (p = 0,8162) totalizando 33,11% de machos positivos e 34,08% de fêmeas infectadas com o parasita. Das 147 amostras realizadas com a Técnica de Coloração da Auramina, 23 foram positivas, totalizando 15,65%. A análise estatística através do Teste McNemar revelou existir diferença significativa entre as duas técnicas (p = 0,0004). O valor Kappa foi igual a 0,07, considerado como um grau de concordância fraco. Os resultados encontrados neste estudo nos permitem afirmar que o Método de Faust e cols. foi o mais adequado para o diagnóstico na infecção por Giardia lamblia, entre os métodos analisados.