Nuevo método de identificación usando la respuesta escalón para sistemas de fase no mínima de segundo orden

Este artículo presenta un nuevo método de identificación para sistemas de fase no mínima basado en la respuesta escalón. El enfoque propuesto provee un modelo aproximado de segundo orden evitando diseños experimentales complejos. El método propuesto es un algoritmo de identificación cerrado basado en puntos característicos de la respuesta escalón de sistemas de fase no mínima de segundo orden. Él es validado usando diferentes modelos lineales. Ellos tienen respuesta inversa entre 3,5% y 38% de la respuesta en régimen permanente. En simulaciones, ha sido demostrado que resultados satisfactorios pueden ser obtenidos usando el procedimiento de identificación propuesto, donde los parámetros identificados presentan errores relativos medios, menores que los obtenidos mediante el método de Balaguer.

A doorway to Borromean halo nuclei: the Samba configuration

We exploit the possibility of new configurations in three-body halo nuclei, Samba type (the neutron-core form a bound system) as a doorway to Borromean systems. The nuclei Be-12, B-15, N-23 and F-27 are of such nature, in particular N-23 with a half-life of 37.7 s and a halo radius of 6.07 fm is an excellent example of Samba-halo configuration. The fusion below the barrier of the Samba halo nuclei with heavy targets could reveal the so far elusive enhancement and a dominance of one-neutron over two-neutron transfers, in contrast to what was found recently for the Borromean halo nucleus He-6 + U-238.

Counseling Self-Efficacy and the Relational Efficacy Model

Relation-inferred self-efficacy (RISE), a relatively new concept, is defined as a target individual’s beliefs about how an observer, often a relationship partner, perceives the target’s ability to perform certain actions successfully. Along with self-efficacy (i.e., one’s beliefs about his or her own ability) and other-efficacy (i.e., one’s beliefs about his or her partner’s ability), RISE makes up a three part system of interrelated efficacy beliefs known as the relational efficacy model (Lent & Lopez, 2002). Previous research has shown this model to be helpful in understanding how relational dyads, including coach-athlete, advisor-advisee, and romantic partners, contribute to the development of self-efficacy beliefs. The clinical supervision dyad (i.e., supervisor-supervisee), is another context in which relational efficacy beliefs may play an important role. This study investigated the relationship between counseling self-efficacy, RISE, and other-efficacy within the context of clinical supervision. Specifically, it examined whether supervisee perceptions about how their supervisor sees their counseling ability (RISE) related to how supervisees see their own counseling ability (counseling self-efficacy), and what moderates this relationship. The study also sought to discover the degree to which RISE mediated the relationship between supervisor working alliance and counseling self-efficacy. Data were collected from 240 graduate students who were currently enrolled in counseling related fields, working with at least one client, and receiving regular supervision. Results demonstrated that years of experience and RISE predicted counseling self-efficacy and that the relationship between RISE and counseling self-efficacy was, as expected, moderated by other-efficacy. Contrary to expectations, however, counseling experience and level of client difficulty did not moderate the relationship between RISE and counseling self-efficacy. These findings suggest that the relationship between RISE and counseling self-efficacy was stronger when supervisees saw their supervisors as capable therapists. Furthermore, RISE was found to fully mediate the relationship between supervisor working alliance and counseling self-efficacy. Future research directions and implications for training and supervision are discussed.

Voltage and current spectra for matrix power converters

Matrix power converters are used for transforming one alternating-current power supply to another, with different peak voltage and frequency. There are three input lines, with sinusoidally varying voltages which are 120◦ out of phase one from another, and the output is to be delivered as a similar three-phase supply. The matrix converter switches rapidly, to connect each output line in sequence to each of the input lines in an attempt to synthesize the prescribed output voltages. The switching is carried out at high frequency and it is of practical importance to know the frequency spectra of the output voltages and of the input and output currents. We determine in this paper these spectra using a new method, which has significant advantages over the prior default method (a multiple Fourier series technique), leading to a considerably more direct calculation. In particular, the determination of the input current spectrum is feasible here, whereas it would be a significantly more daunting procedure using the prior method instead.

Nonlinear development of matrix-converter instabilities

Matrix converters convert a three-phase alternating-current power supply to a power supply of a different peak voltage and frequency, and are an emerging technology in a wide variety of applications. However, they are susceptible to an instability, whose behaviour is examined herein. The desired “steady-state” mode of operation of the matrix converter becomes unstable in a Hopf bifurcation as the output/input voltage transfer ratio, q, is increased through some threshold value, qc. Through weakly nonlinear analysis and direct numerical simulation of an averaged model, we show that this bifurcation is subcritical for typical parameter values, leading to hysteresis in the transition to the oscillatory state: there may thus be undesirable large-amplitude oscillations in the output voltages even when q is below the linear stability threshold value qc.

Nitrogen removal and sustainability of vertical flow constructed wetlands for small scale wastewater treatment

The challenge for wastewater professionals is to design and operate treatment processes that support human well being and are environmentally sensitive throughout the life-cycle. This research focuses on one technology for small-scale wastewater treatment: the vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW), which is herein investigated for the capacity to remove ammonium and nitrate nitrogen from wastewater. Hydraulic regime and presence/absence of vegetation are the basis for a three-phase bench scale experiment to determine oxygen transfer and nitrogen fate in VFCWs. Results show that 90% NH4+-N removal is achieved in aerobic downflow columns, 60% NO3--N removal occurs in anaerobic upflow columns, and 60% removal of total nitrogen can be achieved in downflow-upflow in-series. The experimental results are studied further using a variably saturated flow and reactive transport model, which allows a mechanistic explanation of the fate and transport of oxygen and nitrogen. The model clarifies the mechanisms of oxygen transport and nitrogen consumption, and clarifies the need for readily biodegradable COD for denitrification. A VFCW is then compared to a horizontal flow constructed wetland (HFCW) for life cycle environmental impacts. High areal emissions of greenhouse gases from VFCWs compared to HFCWs are the driver for the study. The assessment shows that because a VFCW is only 25% of the volume of an HFCW designed for the same treatment quality, the VFCW has only 25-30% of HFCW impacts over 12 impact categories and 3 damage categories. Results show that impacts could be reduced by design improvements. Design recommendations are downflow wetlands for nitrification, upflow wetlands for denitrification, series wetlands for total nitrogen removal, hydraulic load of 142 L/m2d, 30 cm downflow wetland depth, 1.0 m upflow wetland depth, recycle, vegetation and medium-grained sand. These improvements will optimize nitrogen removal, minimize gaseous emissions, and reduce wetland material requirements, thus reducing environmental impact without sacrificing wastewater treatment quality.

Perceptions of Character Education in a Seventh-Day Adventist School

Character education has been viewed by many educators as having significant historical, academic, and social value. Many stakeholders in education argue for character development as a curricular experience. While understanding the degree to which character education is of worth to stakeholders of institutions is important, understanding students, teachers, and administrators perspectives from their lived experiences is likewise significant. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to gain a deeper understanding of character education within a Biblical framework environment by examining the lived experiences of students, administrators, and teachers of a Seventh-day Adventist School. Phenomenology describes individuals’ daily experiences of phenomena, the manner in which these experiences are structured, and focuses analysis on the perspectives of the persons having the experience (Moustakas, 1994). ). This inquiry was undertaken to answer the question: What are the perceptions of students, teachers, and an administrator toward character education in a Seventh-day Adventist school setting? Ten participants (seven students and three adults) formed the homogeneous purposive sample, and the major data collection tool was semi-structured interviews (Patton, 1990; Seidman, 2006). Three 90-minute open-ended interviews were conducted with each of the participants. Data analysis included a three-phase process of description, reduction and interpretation. The findings from this study revealed that participants perceived that their involvement in the school’s character education program decreased the tendency to violence, improved their conduct and ethical sensibility, enhanced their ability to engage in decision-making concerning social relationships and their impact on others, brought to their attention the emerging global awareness of moral deficiency, and fostered incremental progress from practice and recognition of vices to their acquisition of virtues. The findings, therefore, provide a model for teaching character education from a Seventh-day Adventist perspective. The model is also relevant for non-Seventh day Adventists who aspire to teach character education as a means to improving social and moral conditions in schools.

Gaining Insight into Teaching: A Phenomenological Exploration of the Lived Experience of the Teachers of the Year

What qualities, skills, and knowledge produce quality teachers? Many stake-holders in education argue that teacher quality should be measured by student achievement. This qualitative study shows that good teachers are multi-dimensional; their effectiveness cannot be represented by students’ test scores alone. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to gain a deeper understanding of quality in teaching by examining the lived experiences of 10 winners or finalists of the Teacher of the Year (ToY) Award. Phenomenology describes individuals’ daily experiences of phenomena, examines how these experiences are structured, and focuses analysis on the perspectives of the persons having the experience (Moustakas, 1994). This inquiry asked two questions: (a) How is teaching experienced by recognized as outstanding Teachers of the Year? and (b) How do ToYs feelings and perceptions about being good teachers provide insight, if any, about concepts such as pedagogical tact, teacher selfhood, and professional dispositions? Ten participants formed the purposive sample; the major data collection tool was semi-structured interviews (Patton, 1990; Seidman, 2006). Sixty to 90-minute interviews were conducted with each participant. Data also included the participants’ ToY application essays. Data analysis included a three-phase process: description, reduction, interpretation. Findings revealed that the ToYs are dedicated, hard-working individuals. They exhibit behaviors, such as working beyond the school day, engaging in lifelong learning, and assisting colleagues to improve their practice. Working as teachers is their life’s compass, guiding and wrapping them into meaningful and purposeful lives. Pedagogical tact, teacher selfhood, and professional dispositions were shown to be relevant, offering important insights into good teaching. Results indicate that for these ToYs, good teaching is experienced by getting through to students using effective and moral means; they are emotionally open, have a sense of the sacred, and they operate from a sense of intentionality. The essence of the ToYs teaching experience was their being properly engaged in their craft, embodying logical, psychological, and moral realms. Findings challenge current teacher effectiveness process-product orthodoxy which makes a causal connection between effective teaching and student test scores, and which assumes that effective teaching arises solely from and because of the actions of the teacher.

LA TEORÍA DE VON THUNEN SOBRE LA INFLUENCIA DE LA DISTANCIA AL MERCADO EN RELACIÓN A LA UTILIZACIÓN DE LA TIERRA. SU APLICACIÓN A COSTA RICA

El problema fundamental de Brasil actual es la colonización, la cual es estudiada por el geógrafo bajo dos puntos: i) las áreas que deben ser pobladas, y ii) el tipo de aprovechamiento de la tierra que debe ser  adoptado…El primero es un problema de geografía física; el otro, de geografía económica y economía rural. Dependiendo la utilización de la tierra, en gran parte, de la distancia al centro de consumo o exportación, el estudio de esa dependencia especial significación para el Brasil. Fue Johan Heinrich von Thunen, en 1826, quien por primera vez estudió el influjo que la distancia del mercado ejerce sobre la economía agraria, en su libro: Der Isolierte Staat. La teoría del Estado aislado admite tres consideraciones: una, cuanto al espacio , pues el estado tiene forma circular y está aislado del mundo por una floresta impenetrable; otra , cuanto a la naturaleza , pues está localizada en una planicie cuyas condiciones físicas son uniformes, y no está atravesada por ningún rio o  canal navegable; otra, finalmente , cuanto a la economía, toda su población se dedica a la agricultura y a la silvicultura del tipo adoptado en la región central de Europa y tiene una un nivel de educación tan alto que dirige sus haciendas de la manera más eficiente y puede cambiar con facilidad de un sistema económico a otro, en conformidad con la conveniencia. El único mercado es una gran ciudad localizada exactamente en el centro del Estado, para  donde son llevados todos los productos del campo, en carros o carreteras, por los caminos. La ciudad, a su vez, ofrece al campo todos los productos industriales necesarios. Así, la producción está distribuida en anillos o fajas concéntricas que, del centro a la periferia, producen primero las mercancías predecibles y, en seguida, sucesivamente, las que son susceptibles de tarifas de transporte cada vez más altas. J. Heinrich von Thunen distinguió seis sistemas agrícolas locales en las diferentes fajas. La faja que se halla más al centro, produce mercancías fácilmente predecibles: verduras, frutas, leche y flores. La explotación es muy intensiva, pues el abono puede ser traído de la ciudad. La segunda faja está destinada a la silvicultura, pues no sólo la leña sino también la madera de construcción son muy voluminosas. En la tercera faja establécese un sistema rotativo de cereales y tubérculos. Los cereales son sembrados en el otoño o en la primavera. Los tubérculos son la remolacha, el nabo, la papa, etc. En este sistema es muy importante el cultivo de plantas forrajeras para el ganado. Utilizarse el abono una vez al año. El sistema es de origen inglés  y se ha sido  introducido en Europa en los comienzos de la era industrial, el siglo pasado. En la cuarta faja utilizarse el sistema rotativo de cultivos y pastos (Fields System). En menos intensivo, ya apareciendo en él los pastos y las tierras incultas. En la quinta faja adoptándose el sistema de tres campos (Three Fields System) que fue en otro tiempo empleado en toda Europa. La sexta faja es aprovechada para la cría de ganado y también para la producción de mantequilla. Más allá de esta faja, sólo la caza y la producción de pieles son económicas. El autor hace, después, consideraciones sobre las modificaciones introducidas en el esquema de von Thuenen por un río navegable y por los medios de comunicación ferroviaria. Al hacer la escrituración de su hacienda durante varios años, von Thuenen llegó a la conclusión de que la localización de la hacienda es el principal factor determinante de su administración. Los puntos que siguen, tornan la doctrina de von Thuenen en algo muy importante para la geografía agrícola. i) von Thuenen expuso y demostró que en dos lugares de condiciones naturales semejantes, el aprovechamiento de la tierra puede ser completamente diverso. Dio así un golpe mortal a la tesis del determinismo geográfico; ii) el principal factor que determina los varios tipos de utilización de la tierra es la distancia existente entre la región productora y consumidora; iii) los sistemas agrarios y los tipos de agricultura son los asuntos más importantes de la geografía agrícola, pues ellos determinan  no solo el aspecto general del paisaje agrícola, sino también su estructura económica y social; iv)  los sistemas de agrícola no están irregularmente distribuidos en tierra , pero su conformación es más o menos circular, que dando las grandes ciudades localizadas en los centros de los círculos. En la segunda parte de su estudio, el autor se ocupa de las fajas económicas de la Meseta Central de Costa Rica según la teoría de von Thunen, basándose en los trabajos de campos hechos por él, en marzo de 1938. Costa Rica aseméjese al Estado aislado sobre todo porque su población  se concentra en la Meseta Central que está rodeada de selva, manteniendo escasas comunicaciones con el exterior. El otro fenómeno que hace a la Meseta Central semejante al Estado aislado de von Thunen, es el alto nivel de educación de sus habitantes, lo que ha permitido el cambio del sistema agrícola dos veces en los últimos cien años. El autor distinguió fajas de sistemas agrarios: a)      Faja de mono cultura del café. Está localizada en las proximidades de las grandes ciudades de la Meseta Central. En ella el café es cultivado intensivamente en pequeñas haciendas, el suelo es abandonado y cuidadosamente labrado. El cafetal está sombrado de árboles, presentado, a veces, el aspecto de floresta. Los granos de café se cogen uno a uno y son llevados para las maquinas de beneficio en carros tirados por bueyes. Ahí el café es trabajado por el método húmedo, esto es, el método empleado en las Indias Occidentales. Esto aumenta mucho la calidad del producto aunque el pueblo atribuye su alta calidad solamente del suelo. b)      Faja del café y de la caña de azúcar. En esta faja son cultivados café, caña, y secundariamente, maíz, mandioca (yuca), piña y se encuentran muchos potreros todos cerrados. La caña es utilizada, principalmente, para la producción de azúcar no refinada, de consumo muy difundido. Hay pocos ingenios grandes de azúcar refinada. Esta faja circunda a la primera por todos los lados, formando una zona oval irregular de 50km de existiendo del S.E al N.O., existiendo también, además, siete pequeñas áreas aisladas de esta faja. c)      Faja del sistema de cultivos y pastos. Las principales zonas de esta faja son: los declives meridionales de los volcanes y el lado oeste de la meseta centro occidental. El paisaje de esta faja asemejase a la región N.O  de Europa, caracterizada por pequeños campos separados por cercas de alambre de púas o por setos vivos altos. En algunas zonas de esta faja está muy desarrollada la producción  de derivados lácteos (en la tierra fría de los volcanes) , en las otras la producción más importante está constituida por los cereales y raíces( parte de la tierra fría ), finalmente hay que señalar la región oeste de la meseta centro occidental . El autor divide después esta faja en: i) áreas que se está especializando la producción de leche, ii) áreas en esa especialización está hecha actualmente con cereales y raíces. Describe y localiza cada una de ellas. d)     Rotación cultivo – floresta. Este es el primitivo sistema de la agricultura nómada. En él son cultivados no solo el maíz  y la habichuela, sino también el banano y la caña de azúcar. Este sistema de cultivo es empleado en los declives escarpados, sobre todo en el valle de Reventazón. e)      Faja de cría de ganado. Esta faja se localiza en los declives del Atlántico (Caribe) y el Pacifico, en la región al norte de los volcanes. El sistema de cría es primitivo y las haciendas son, en gran parte, autosuficientes. En conclusión, el autor declara que, aunque sea un país pequeño, Costa Rica ofrece a la América tropical las siguientes lecciones: No efectuar rotación de tierras, pero sí de cultivos.Establecer pequeñas fincas, que serán confiadas a las familias.Proporcionar a estos pequeños propietarios un nivel de educación tan elevado que les sea posible cambiar con facilidad fe un sistema agrícola a otro; y Adaptar estos sistemas agrícolas no sólo a las condiciones naturales, sino también a las de orden económico, considerando, sobre todo, la distancia existente entre las haciendas y el mercado.

Design, production and testing of innovative key components of HEV/BEV powertrains

Through modelling activity, experimental campaigns, test bench and on-field validation, a complete powertrain for a BEV has been designed, assembled and used in a motorsport competition. The activity can be split in three main subjects, representing the three key components of an BEV vehicle. First of all a model of the entire powertrain has been developed in order to understand how the various design choices will influence the race lap-time. The data obtained was then used to design, build and test a first battery pack. After bench tests and track tests, it was understood that by using all the cell charac-teristics, without breaking the rules limitations, higher energy and power densities could have been achieved. An updated battery pack was then designed, produced and raced with at Motostudent 2018 re-sulting in a third place at debut. The second topic of this PhD was the design of novel inverter topologies. Three inverters have been de-signed, two of them using Gallium Nitride devices, a promising semiconductor technology that can achieve high switching speeds while maintaining low switching losses. High switching frequency is crucial to reduce the DC-Bus capacitor and then increase the power density of 3 phase inverters. The third in-verter uses classic Silicon devices but employs a ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching) topology. Despite the in-creased complexity of both the hardware and the control software, it can offer reduced switching losses by using conventional and established silicon mosfet technology. Finally, the mechanical parts of a three phase permanent magnet motor have been designed with the aim to employ it in UniBo Motorsport’s 2020 Formula Student car.

Synthesis and characterization of defective PBAs electrode material

Sodium manganese hexacyanoferrate (NaMnHCF) and its derivatives have been synthesized by simple co-precipitation method with addition of the citric and ascorbic acids respectively. The correspondent crystal structure, water content, chemical formula and a deep structural investigation of prepared samples have been performed by means of the combination of the laboratory and synchrotron techniques (PXRD, FT-IR, TGA, MP-AES and XAS). Electrochemical tests have been done using three-electrode system in sodium nitrate solution at different concentration. From cyclic voltammetry curves, Fe3+/2+ redox peak has been observed, whereas Mn3+/2+ peak was not always evident. Structural stability of the cycled samples has then been tested using 2D XRF imaging and Transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) techniques. The intercalation of NaMnHCF after 20 cycles has been found by micro-XANES analysis of the highlighted spots which have been found in the XRF images. TXM has also confirmed the appearance of the intercalated particles after 50 cycles comparing the spectra between charged and discharged materials at three different edges (Mn, Fe and N). However, by comparison with lithium samples, it seems obvious that sodium samples are more homogeneous and intercalation is at the very beginning indicating the relative structural stability of sodium manganese hexacyanoferrate electrode material.

Power sharing e controllo modulare di macchine elettriche multi-trifase

La costante ricerca e lo sviluppo nel campo degli azionamenti e dei motori elettrici hanno portato ad una loro sempre maggiore applicazione ed utilizzo. Tuttavia, la crescente esigenza di sistemi ad alta potenza sempre più performanti da una parte ha evidenziato i limiti di certe soluzioni, dall’altra l’affermarsi di altre. In questi sistemi, infatti, la macchina elettrica trifase non rappresenta più l’unica soluzione possibile: negli ultimi anni si è assistito ad una sempre maggiore diffusione di macchine elettriche multifase. Grazie alle maggiori potenzialità che sono in grado di offrire, per quanto alcune di queste siano ancora sconosciute, risultano già essere una valida alternativa rispetto alla tradizionale controparte trifase. Sicuramente però, fra le varie architetture multifase, quelle multi-trifase (ovvero quelle con un numero di fasi multiplo di tre) rappresentano una soluzione particolarmente vantaggiosa in ambito industriale. Infatti, se impiegate all’interno di architetture multifase, la profonda conoscenza dei tradizionali sistemi trifase consente di ridurre i costi ed i tempi legati alla loro progettazione. In questo elaborato la macchina elettrica multi-trifase analizzata è una macchina sincrona esafase con rotore a magneti permanenti superficiali. Questa particolare tipologia di macchina elettrica può essere modellizzata attraverso due approcci completamente differenti: uno esafase ed uno doppio trifase. Queste possibilità hanno portato molti ricercatori alla ricerca della migliore strategia di controllo per questa macchina. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è di effettuare un’analisi comparativa tra tre diverse strategie di controllo applicate alla stessa macchina elettrica multi-trifase, analizzandone la risposta dinamica in diverse condizioni di funzionamento.

Development and testing of a virtual energy meter using the Labview Environment

The quantity of electric energy utilized by a home, a business, or an electrically powered device is measured by an electricity meter, also known as an electric meter, electrical meter, or energy meter. Electric meters located at customers' locations are used by electric providers for billing. They are usually calibrated in billing units, with the kilowatt hour being the most popular (kWh). Typically, they are read once each billing cycle. When energy savings are sought during specific times, some meters may monitor demand, or the highest amount of electricity used during a specific time. Additionally, some meters feature relays for load shedding in response to responses during periods of peak load. The amount of electrical energy consumed by users is measured by a Watt-hour meter, also known as an energy meter. To charge the electricity usage by loads like lights, fans, and other appliances, utilities put these gadgets everywhere, including in households, businesses, and organizations. Watts are a fundamental power unit. A kilowatt is equal to one thousand watts. One kilowatt is regarded as one unit of energy used if used for one hour. These meters calculate the product of the instantaneous voltage and current readings and provide instantaneous power. This power is distributed over a period and is used during that time. Depending on the supply used by home or commercial installations, these may be single or three phase meters. These can be linked directly between line and load for minor service measurements, such as home consumers. However, step-down current transformers must be installed for greater loads to handle their higher current demands.

Experimental study of phase equilibria in the PbO-MgO-SiO2 system

Equilibrium phase relations in the PbO-Al2O3-SiO2 system have been investigated experimentally by means of high-temperature equilibration, quenching, and electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA). The system has 21 primary phase fields including three monoxides (PbO, Al2O3, and SiO2), seven binary compounds (Al6Si2O13, PbAl2O4, PbAl12O19, Pb2Al2O5, PbSiO3, Pb2SiO4, and Pb4SiO6), and eleven ternary compounds (PbAl2Si2O8, Pb3Al10SiO20, Pb4Al2Si2O11, Pb4Al4SiO12, Pb4Al4Si3O16, Pb4Al4Si5O20, Pb5Al2Si10O28, Pb6Al2Si6O21, Pb8Al2Si4O19, Pb12Al2Si17O49, and Pb12Al2Si20O55). Three new ternary compounds, Pb4Al4SiO12, Pb4Al4Si5O20, and Pb12Al2Si17O49, were observed and characterized by EPMA. No extensive solid solution in any of the compounds was found in the present study. The liquidus isotherms were experimentally determined in most of the primary phase fields in the temperature range from 923 to 1873 K, and the ternary phase diagram of the PbO-Al2O3-SiO2 System has been constructed.

Phase-dependent fluorescence linewidth narrowing in a three-level atom damped by a finite-bandwidth squeezed vacuum

We examine subnatural phase-dependent linewidths in the fluorescence spectrum of a three-level atom damped by a narrow-bandwidth squeezed vacuum in a cavity. Using the dressed-atom model approach of a strongly driven three-level cascade system, we derive the master equation of the system from which we obtain simple analytical expressions for the fluorescence spectrum. We show that the phase effects depend on the bandwidths of the squeezed vacuum and the cavity relative to the Rabi frequency of the driving fields. When the squeezing bandwidth is much larger than the Rabi frequency, the spectrum consists of five lines with only the central and outer sidebands dependent on the phase. For a squeezing bandwidth much smaller than the Rabi frequency the number of lines in the spectrum and their phase properties depend on the frequency at which the squeezing and cavity modes are centered. When the squeezing and cavity modes are centered on the inner Rabi sidebands, the spectrum exhibits five lines that are completely independent of the squeezing phase with only the inner Rabi sidebands dependent on the squeezing correlations. Matching the squeezing and cavity modes to the outer Rabi sidebands leads to the disappearance of the inner Rabi sidebands and a strong phase dependence of the central line and the outer Rabi sidebands. We find that in this case the system behaves as an individual two-level system that reveals exactly the noise distribution in the input squeezed vacuum. [S1050-2947(97)00111-X].